1、Designation: E 2404 07An American National StandardStandard Practice forSpecimen Preparation and Mounting of Textile, Paper orVinyl Wall or Ceiling Coverings to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2404; the number immediately following the desi
2、gnation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes proce
3、dures for specimen prepa-ration and mounting when testing textile, paper or vinyl(including expanded vinyl) wall or ceiling covering materialsto assess flame spread and smoke development as surfaceburning characteristics using Test Method E84.1.2 Testing is conducted with Test Method E84.1.3 This pr
4、actice does not provide pass/fail criteria that canbe used as a regulatory tool.1.4 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the stan-dard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of unitsare given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.5 This f
5、ire standard cannot be used to provide quantitativemeasures.1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testinginvolves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Thisstand
6、ard gives instructions on specimen preparation andmounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in TestMethod E84. See also Section 10.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
7、 to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotesshall not be considered requirements of the standard
8、.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 36/C 36M Specification for Gypsum Wallboard3C 1186 Specification for Flat Non-Asbestos Fiber-CementSheetsC 1396/C 1396M Specification for Gypsum BoardE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 136 Test Method for Behavior o
9、f Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI): TheModern Metric System2.2 CSA Standard:4CSA O121 Douglas Fir Plywood2.3 NIST Standard:5Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-95 Construction and In-dustrial Plywood3. Termin
10、ology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice refer to the terminology contained in Terminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 expanded vinyl wall or ceiling covering, na wall orceiling covering consisting of a woven textile backing, anexpanded v
11、inyl base coat layer (which is a homogeneous vinyllayer that contains a blowing agent), and a nonexpanded vinylskin coat.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on SurfaceBurning.Current edition approved
12、July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E 2404-06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
13、 the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON Canada M9W 1R3.5Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899-3460.1Copyright ASTM Inte
14、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 paper wall or ceiling covering, na wall or ceilingcovering with a top layer consisting of paper or an alternativecellulosic-based material, but not consisting of a wood product.3.2.3 self-supporting
15、specimen, na specimen that remainsin place by its own structural characteristics both before andduring the fire test.3.2.4 textile, noriginally a woven fabric, now generallyapplied to (1) staple fibers and filaments suitable for conversionto or use as yarns or for the preparation of nonwoven fabrics
16、,(2) yarns made from natural or manufactured fibers, and (3)fabrics made from fibers as defined in (1) and (2) and fromyarns.3.2.5 vinyl wall or ceiling covering, na wall or ceilingcovering produced by applying a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC,vinyl) based coating, or laminating a preformed vinyl film,on
17、to a woven or nonwoven fabric substrate or paper.3.2.6 wall or ceiling covering, nfor purposes of thispractice, a paper- or vinyl-based product designed to beattached to a wall or ceiling surface for decorative or acousticalpurposes.3.2.6.1 DiscussionWall or ceiling coverings with ink ortopcoat laye
18、rs added as part of the manufacturing process areincluded in this definition.3.2.7 wall or ceiling covering system, nfor purposes ofthis practice, an assembly of a paper wall or ceiling coveringor a vinyl wall or ceiling covering, adhesive (if used), andsubstrate (if it is part of the assembly) used
19、 as a wall or ceilingtreatment for decorative or acoustical purposes.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe wall or ceiling covering material isusually intended to be directly attached to a substrate, viaadhesives or mechanical fasteners. In some cases the wall orceiling covering system will be supported by a frame
20、systemsome distance away from the wall or ceiling covering material.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen prepa-ration and mounting when testing textile, paper or vinyl(including expanded vinyl) wall or ceiling coverings to assessflame spread and smoke development
21、 as surface burningcharacteristics using Test Method E84.5. Significance and Use5.1 Textile, paper and vinyl (including expanded vinyl) wallor ceiling coverings and wall or ceiling covering systems usedas interior finish are often evaluated with Test Method E84tocomply with building or life safety c
22、ode requirements. Thispractice describes specimen preparation and mounting proce-dures for such materials and systems.5.2 This practice is not applicable to the following materi-als:5.2.1 Wall or ceiling coverings with exposed wood surfaces,and5.2.2 Any wall or ceiling covering system where the topl
23、ayer is not a textile material, a paper-based material or a vinylmaterial.6. Conditioning6.1 The test specimens shall be conditioned as described inthe section on specimen conditioning in Test Method E84.7. Test Specimens7.1 The test specimen sizes shall comply with those de-scribed in the test spec
24、imen section of Test Method E84. Thetest specimens shall be butted against the vent end of the firetest chamber and shall consist of a continuous, unbrokenlength, or of sections joined end-to-end. The test specimensshall have a width of 20 to 24 in. (510 to 610 mm), a length of24 ft + 12 in. 6 in. (
25、7.32 m + 305 mm 152 mm) and amaximum thickness of 4 in. (101 mm).7.2 The wall covering system test specimens shall beprepared as described in Section 8.8. Test Specimen Preparation8.1 Whenever a wall or ceiling covering system uses anadhesive to attach a wall or ceiling covering material, theadhesiv
26、e specified by the manufacturer shall be used forconstruction of the test specimen in accordance with the wall orceiling covering manufacturer application instructions.8.1.1 If the wall or ceiling covering system is a factory-produced wall panel, the adhesive shall be the same one usedin the manufac
27、ture of the factory-produced wall or ceilingpanel.8.2 Wall or Ceiling Coverings Intended to be AppliedDirectly to a Noncombustible Wall or Ceiling SurfaceIf thewall or ceiling coverings are intended to be applied directly toa noncombustible wall or ceiling surface, the specimens shallconsist of the
28、wall or ceiling covering mounted on a14 in. (6.3mm) thick fiber-cement board, complying with SpecificationC 1186 (Grade II) and passing Test Method E 136, as describedin the Annex on Cement Board Requirements of Test MethodE84. Mount the specimens on the ledges of the Test MethodE84furnace without u
29、sing additional means of support.8.3 Wall or Ceiling Coverings Intended to be Applied overGypsum BoardIf the wall or ceiling coverings are intendedto be applied over gypsum board, the specimens shall consistof the wall or ceiling covering mounted on a58 in. (15.9 mm)thick Type X gypsum board, comply
30、ing with SpecificationC 36/C36M or Specification C 1396/C 1396M. The gypsumboard shall not be required to be mounted on studs. Mount thespecimens on the ledges of the Test Method E84 furnacewithout using additional means of support.8.3.1 Whenever a wall or ceiling covering has been testedusing the t
31、est specimen described in 8.3 (over gypsum board),it shall not be required to be additionally tested mounted on afiber-cement board.8.4 Wall or Ceiling Coverings Intended to be Applied over aWood SubstrateIf the wall or ceiling coverings are intendedto be applied over a wood substrate, the specimens
32、 shall consistof the wall or ceiling covering mounted on untreated plywood,with a face veneer of Douglas fir. The plywood shall have thesame thickness as the wood substrate used in field practice, andshall comply with NIST Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-95,Construction and Industrial Plywood. The p
33、lywood shall carrythe grade stamp of either APA The Engineered Wood Associa-tion6or TECO7, indicating that the plywood has been graded6Information available from APA The Engineered Wood Association, 7011South 19th, Tacoma, WA, 98466.E2404072PS 1-95 A-B and is for exterior exposure. Alternatively, th
34、eplywood shall be permitted to be stamped as conforming toCSA Standard O121 (Douglas fir plywood). Mount the speci-mens on the ledges of the Test Method E84furnace withoutusing an additional means of support.8.5 Wall or Ceiling Coverings Intended to be Applied overSubstrates other than Wood, Gypsum
35、Board or Noncombus-tible SurfacesIf the wall or ceiling coverings are intended tobe applied over substrates other than wood, gypsum board ornoncombustible surfaces, the specimens shall consist of thewall or ceiling covering mounted on the substrate to be used infield practice. Mount the specimens on
36、 the ledges of the TestMethod E84 furnace without using an additional means ofsupport.8.6 Wall or Ceiling Coverings Not Intended to be AdheredDirectly to a Wall or Ceiling Surface, but Intended to beOtherwise Supported by Framing or a Track SystemThespecimens shall consist of the wall or ceiling cov
37、ering mountedfor test in a manner that is representative of its installation.9. Testing of Specimens9.1 All testing shall be conducted using the methodologydescribed in Test Method E84.10. Operator Safety10.1 The primary concerns for operator safety are associ-ated with the fire-test-response proced
38、ure, Test Method E84,and not with the specimen preparation procedure. Safetyrecommendations are included in Test Method E84.11. Report11.1 Report a detailed description of the system beingtested.11.2 Report a detailed description of the specimen prepara-tion method used, including the adhesive, if u
39、sed, and itsapplication rate, per Section 8.11.3 Report all the information required in the reportingsection of Test Method E84, including observations, graphicalresults and the values of the flame spread index and of thesmoke developed index in each test.12. Keywords12.1 fire; fire test; flame spre
40、ad; paper ceiling coverings;paper wall coverings; smoke developed; Steiner tunnel; textileceiling coverings; textile wall coverings; vinyl ceiling cover-ings; vinyl wall coveringsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item me
41、ntionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committe
42、e and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeti
43、ng of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
44、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).7Information available from TECO, 5650 Terra Court, Sun Prairie, WI, 53590.E2404073
