1、Designation: E2404 12An American National StandardStandard Practice forSpecimen Preparation and Mounting of Wall or CeilingCoverings to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yea
2、r oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen prepa-r
3、ation and mounting when testing textile, paper or polymeric(including vinyl and expanded vinyl) wall or ceiling coveringmaterials to assess flame spread and smoke development assurface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.1.2 Testing is conducted with Test Method E84.1.3 This practice does
4、not provide pass/fail criteria that canbe used as a regulatory tool.1.4 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the stan-dard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of unitsare given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.5 This fire standard
5、 cannot be used to provide quantitativemeasures.1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testinginvolves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Thisstandard gives in
6、structions on specimen preparation andmounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in TestMethod E84. See also Section 10.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis
7、h appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotesshall not be considered requirements of the standard.2. Referenc
8、ed Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement SheetsC1396/C1396M Specification for Gypsum BoardE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE176 Terminology of Fire Stan
9、dardsE2573 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofSite-Fabricated Stretch Systems to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristicsE2579 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofWood Products to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI): TheMod
10、ern Metric System2.2 CSA Standard:3CSA O121 Douglas Fir Plywood2.3 NIST Standard:4Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-07 Structural Plywood3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice refer to the terminology contained in Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific
11、 to This Standard:3.2.1 expanded vinyl wall or ceiling covering, na wall orceiling covering consisting of a woven textile backing, anexpanded vinyl base coat layer (which is a homogeneous vinyllayer that contains a blowing agent), and a nonexpanded vinylskin coat.3.2.2 paper wall or ceiling covering
12、, na wall or ceilingcovering with a top layer consisting of paper or an alternativecellulosic-based material, but not consisting of a wood product.3.2.3 polymeric wall or ceiling covering, na wall orceiling covering with a top layer consisting of polymeric-basedmaterial.3.2.4 self-supporting specime
13、n, na specimen that remainsin place by its own structural characteristics both before andduring the fire test.3.2.5 site-fabricated stretch system, na system, fabricatedon site and intended for acoustical, tackable or aesthetic1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireSta
14、ndards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on SurfaceBurning.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2404-10. DOI:10.1520/E2404-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
15、www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON Canada M9W 1R3.4Available from Na
16、tional Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899-3460.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.purposes, that is comprised of three elements: (a) a frame(constructed of plastic, wood,
17、metal, or other material) used tohold fabric in place, (b) a core material (infill, with the correctproperties for the application), and (c) an outside layer,comprised of a textile, fabric or vinyl, that is stretched taut andheld in place by tension or mechanical fasteners via the frame.3.2.6 textil
18、e, noriginally a woven fabric, now generallyapplied to (1) staple fibers and filaments suitable for conversionto or use as yarns or for the preparation of nonwoven fabrics,(2) yarns made from natural or manufactured fibers, and (3)fabrics made from fibers as defined in (1) and (2) and fromyarns.3.2.
19、7 vinyl wall or ceiling covering, na wall or ceilingcovering produced by applying a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC,vinyl) based coating, or laminating a preformed vinyl film,onto a woven or nonwoven fabric substrate or paper.3.2.8 wall or ceiling covering, na textile-, paper- orpolymeric (including vinyl
20、) based product designed to beattached to a wall or ceiling surface for decorative or acousticalpurposes.3.2.8.1 DiscussionWall or ceiling coverings with ink ortopcoat layers added as part of the manufacturing process areincluded in this definition.3.2.9 wall or ceiling covering system, nan assembly
21、 of atextile wall or ceiling covering, a paper wall or ceiling coveringor a polymeric (including vinyl) wall or ceiling covering,adhesive (if used), and substrate (if it is part of the assembly)used as a wall or ceiling treatment for decorative or acousticalpurposes.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThe wall or cei
22、ling covering material isusually intended to be directly attached to a substrate, viaadhesives or mechanical fasteners. In some cases the wall orceiling covering system will be supported by a frame systemsome distance away from the wall or ceiling covering material.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This pra
23、ctice describes procedures for specimen prepa-ration and mounting when testing textile, paper or polymeric(including vinyl and expanded vinyl) wall or ceiling coveringsto assess flame spread and smoke development as surfaceburning characteristics using Test Method E84.5. Significance and Use5.1 Text
24、ile, paper and polymeric (including vinyl and ex-panded vinyl) wall or ceiling coverings and wall or ceilingcovering systems used as interior finish are often evaluatedwith Test Method E84 to comply with building or life safetycode requirements. This practice describes specimen prepara-tion and moun
25、ting procedures for such materials and systems.5.2 This practice is not applicable to the following materi-als:5.2.1 Wall or ceiling coverings with exposed wood surfaces,and5.2.2 Any wall or ceiling covering system where the toplayer is not a textile material, a paper-based material, apolymeric mate
26、rial or a vinyl material.6. Conditioning6.1 The test specimens shall be conditioned as described inthe section on specimen conditioning in Test Method E84.7. Test Specimens7.1 The test specimen sizes shall comply with those de-scribed in the test specimen section of Test Method E84. Thetest specimen
27、s shall be butted against the vent end of the firetest chamber and shall consist of a continuous, unbrokenlength, or of sections joined end-to-end. The test specimensshall have a width of 20 to 24 in. (510 to 610 mm), a length of24 ft + 12 in. 6 in. (7.32 m + 305 mm 152 mm) and amaximum thickness of
28、 4 in. (101 mm).7.2 The wall covering system test specimens shall beprepared as described in Section 8.8. Test Specimen Preparation8.1 Whenever a wall or ceiling covering system uses anadhesive to attach a wall or ceiling covering material, theadhesive specified by the manufacturer shall be used for
29、construction of the test specimen in accordance with the wall orceiling covering manufacturer application instructions.8.1.1 If the wall or ceiling covering system is a factory-produced wall panel, the adhesive shall be the same one usedin the manufacture of the factory-produced wall or ceilingpanel
30、.8.2 Wall or Ceiling Coverings Intended to be AppliedDirectly to a Noncombustible Wall or Ceiling SurfaceIf thewall or ceiling coverings are intended to be applied directly toa noncombustible wall or ceiling surface, the specimens shallconsist of the wall or ceiling covering mounted on a14 in. (6.3m
31、m) thick fiber-cement board, complying with SpecificationC1186 (Grade II) and passing Test Method E136, as describedin the Annex on Cement Board Requirements of Test MethodE84. Mount the specimens on the ledges of the Test MethodE84 furnace without using additional means of support.8.3 Wall or Ceili
32、ng Coverings Intended to be Applied overGypsum BoardIf the wall or ceiling coverings are intendedto be applied over gypsum board, the specimens shall consistof the wall or ceiling covering mounted on a58 in. (15.9 mm)thick Type X gypsum board, complying with SpecificationC1396/C1396M. The gypsum boa
33、rd shall not be required to bemounted on studs. Mount the specimens on the ledges of theTest Method E84 furnace without using additional means ofsupport.8.3.1 Whenever a wall or ceiling covering has been testedusing the test specimen described in 8.3 (over gypsum board),it shall not be required to b
34、e additionally tested mounted on afiber-cement board.8.4 Wall or Ceiling Coverings Intended to be Applied over aWood SubstrateIf the wall or ceiling coverings are intendedto be applied over a wood substrate, the specimens shall consistof the wall or ceiling covering mounted on untreated plywood,with
35、 a face veneer of Douglas fir. The plywood shall have thesame thickness as the wood substrate used in field practice, andshall comply with NIST Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-07,Structural Plywood. The plywood shall carry a grade stampindicating that the plywood has been graded PS 1-07 A-B andE2404
36、 122is for exterior exposure. The plywood shall contain a gradestamp issued by a quality control agency. Alternatively, theplywood shall be permitted to be stamped as conforming toCSA Standard O121 (Douglas fir plywood). Mount the speci-mens on the ledges of the Test Method E84 furnace withoutusing
37、an additional means of support.8.5 Wall or Ceiling Coverings Intended to be Applied overSubstrates other than Wood, Gypsum Board or Noncombus-tible SurfacesIf the wall or ceiling coverings are intended tobe applied over substrates other than wood, gypsum board ornoncombustible surfaces, the specimen
38、s shall consist of thewall or ceiling covering mounted on the substrate to be used infield practice. Mount the specimens on the ledges of the TestMethod E84 furnace without using an additional means ofsupport.8.6 Wall or Ceiling Coverings Not Intended to be AdheredDirectly to a Wall or Ceiling Surfa
39、ce, but Intended to beOtherwise Supported by Framing or a Track SystemThespecimens shall be prepared in accordance with the require-ments of Practice E2573, in the same way that specimens ofsite-fabricated stretch systems are prepared.8.7 Facings or Wood Veneers Intended to be Applied On-siteOver a
40、Wood Substrate:8.7.1 If the facing or wood veneer is intended to be appliedon-site over a wood substrate, the specimens shall comply with8.7.1.1 as well as with 8.1.8.7.1.1 The specimens shall consist of the facing or woodveneer mounted on the “A” face of nominal1532 in. untreatedplywood with a face
41、 veneer of Douglas fir. The plywood shallcomply with NIST Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-07. Theplywood shall carry the grade stamp of either APA-TheEngineered Wood Association5or TECO6, indicating that theplywood has been graded PS 1-07 A-C and is for exteriorexposure. Alternatively, the plywood s
42、hall be permitted to bestamped as conforming to CSA O121 (Standard for Douglas firplywood). Mount the specimens on the ledges of the TestMethod E84 furnace without using additional means of sup-port.8.8 Laminated Products Factory-produced with a WoodSubstrateIf the laminated product is factory-produ
43、ced thespecimens shall comply with the requirements of PracticeE2579.9. Testing of Specimens9.1 All testing shall be conducted using the methodologydescribed in Test Method E84.10. Operator Safety10.1 The primary concerns for operator safety are associ-ated with the fire-test-response procedure, Tes
44、t Method E84,and not with the specimen preparation procedure. Safetyrecommendations are included in Test Method E84.11. Report11.1 Report a detailed description of the system beingtested.11.2 Report a detailed description of the specimen prepara-tion method used, including the adhesive, if used, and
45、 itsapplication rate, per Section 8.11.3 Report all the information required in the reportingsection of Test Method E84, including observations, graphicalresults and the values of the flame spread index and of thesmoke developed index in each test.12. Keywords12.1 fire; fire test; flame spread; pape
46、r ceiling coverings;paper wall coverings; smoke developed; Steiner tunnel; textileceiling coverings; textile wall coverings; vinyl ceiling cover-ings; vinyl wall coveringsAPPENDIXX1. Grade Stamping AgenciesX1.1 APAThe Engineered Wood Association5and TECO6are quality control agencies that can issue g
47、rade stamps for PS1-07 plywood.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof i
48、nfringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this sta
49、ndard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of th
