1、Designation: E 2427 05Standard Test Method forAcceptance by Performance Testing of U.S. Standard TestSieves1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is a performance test for acceptance ofU.S. Standard test sieves. It is an alternative method forchecki
3、ng the accuracy and long term reliability of test sieves byother than the use of Specification E11inspection methods.Since it is not possible to adjust the measuring capability of atest sieve, the method is designed to offer a verificationprocedure based on sieving performance, by comparison to asta
4、ndard reference. This method is not proposed as an alterna-tive to the inspection methods in accordance with Specifica-tions E11, E 323, E 454, E 674 or the procedures in Manual 32to confirm sieve compliance thereto.1.2 This test method compares the performance of a sieveagainst a calibration sieve,
5、 using a known quantity of referencematerial such that the long-term stability of sieves can bemeasured.1.3 This test method does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety a
6、nd health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Standard Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves fortesting purposesE 323 Standard Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves forTesting PurposesE 454 Standard Sp
7、ecification for Industrial Perforated Plateand Screens (Square Opening Series)E 674 Standard Specification for Industrial Perforated Plateand Screens (Round Opening Series)E 1638 Standard Terminology Relating to Sieve AnalysisManual 32 Manual on Test Sieving Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of t
8、erms relating to sieve analysis can befound in Terminology E 1638.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Calibration Sieves, nSieves used solely for thepurpose of comparison to other sieves. Calibration sieves shallbe certified as such by the manufacturer in accordance withSpecific
9、ation E11tolerances.3.2.2 Sieves, nSieves used for normal sieving, and inaccordance with normal Specification E11tolerances.3.2.3 Sieve shaker, nA mechanical device or method usedto shake the sieves3.2.4 Reference material, nThe material used to performthe sieve performance test. This material may b
10、e eitherpurchased, or can be prepared by the user.3.2.5 Percent retained, nThe mass fraction percentage ofmaterial that is left upon or retained by the sieve after the testhas been performed.3.2.6 Endpoint, nThe point at which no material fallsthrough the sieve concluding the sieving.4. Significance
11、 and Use4.1 This test method may be used by producers, users, andgeneral interest parties for research and development or qualitycontrol work, and is useful for the comparison of sieves.4.2 Because the reference materials particle size distribu-tion will affect the acceptance tolerance, the user sho
12、ulddetermine an acceptance tolerance based on their specificreference material.5. Interferences5.1 The long-term use of sieves can compromise the reli-ability of test results. Depending on the type of materials beingmeasured, wear can occur on the diameter of the wires, causingopening sizes to chang
13、e and measuring capability to drift.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particleand Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November
14、 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
15、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The specific particle size distribution of the referencematerial will affect the acceptance tolerance, which thereforemust be developed based on the specific particle size distribu-tion of the chosen reference material and the point on
16、thedistribution curve of the reference material where the sieveaperture lies.5.3 Sieves should be cleaned prior to the test. The aperturesshould not be blocked by test material as this may contaminatethe reference material and produce unreliable measurements.Most particles that block the sieve apert
17、ures can usually beremoved by inverting the sieve and gently tapping the frame.Alternately, the underside of the sieve may be stroked gentlywith a soft brush. Washing in warm water or using anultrasonic cleaner containing a synthetic detergent may alsoclean sieves. The sieve should be rinsed thoroug
18、hly in cleanwater and dried in a warm atmosphere. To avoid distortion, thesieve should not be heated above 80 degrees Centigrade (176degrees Fahrenheit). Sieves that have been used for wet sievingshould not be allowed to dry-out before attempting to clean, asmaterial caught in the sieve may become p
19、ermanently trapped.Acid or alkaline cleaning treatment is not generally recom-mended.5.4 Care should be taken with the use of the referencematerials. Since the same batch of material may be used morethan one time, it must not be contaminated as variation in thematerial could affect the test results.
20、6. Apparatus6.1 Calibration Sievecertified as such by the manufac-turer in accordance with Specification E11tolerances.6.2 Sievein accordance with normal Specification E11tolerances.6.3 A Sieve Shaker, capable of holding a stack of at least twotest sieves and a collection pan, is recommended. It mus
21、t havethe capability to shake the sieves in both a rotating and verticalmotion. Ideally, the shaker will be designed to operate in amanner that will minimize blinding of the apertures. If theshaker does not have an integral timer, a separate timer isrequired. Alternatively, the sieving operation may
22、 be per-formed manually by experienced technicians, but care must beexercised to ensure that the test is carried to completion. Theuse of forced sieving methods, such as air jets, vacuum andwater, is not recommended.6.4 Balancehaving the capacity to weigh the appropriatesample sizes per Annex A1, wi
23、th a sensitivity of one part in ahundred, or better.7. Hazards7.1 Manufacturers procedures should be followed whenoperating machinery such as sieve shaking devices. The testingof some materials may produce dust. Proper procedures forminimizing dust inhalation and working with hazardous mate-rials sh
24、ould be followed at all times. Materials likely toproduce high levels of dust may not be appropriate for usewithout special precautions.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Calibration Sieve: A calibration sieve of the samenominal aperture size as the sieve to be tested for acceptance isrequired.8.2 Sieve
25、: The sieve to be tested must be physically sound.The sieve cloth must be taut and free of broken or distortedwires. Solder joints must be intact. Sieve frames must becylindrical and nest easily with other sieves.8.3 Reference material: Used to conduct the test, referencematerials can be either cert
26、ified standard test materials that arepurchased or can be prepared by the user. It may be desirableto prepare reference material of the same composition as theproduction material. If less than the entire batch is used,acquire a representative sample. If possible, the batch shouldbe homogenized prior
27、 to sampling.The recommended quantity (grams) of reference materialmay be determined using Annex A1 or calculated based on theactual sieving area (mm2) and aperture size (mm), per thefollowing calculation:Quantity 5Area * aperture!1/2!/200 (1)9. Preparation of Reference Material9.1 User Prepared Ref
28、erence Material: The reference ma-terial may be prepared from the production material beingtested, provided that the material will not blind or adhere to thesieve apertures, nor break down during the test procedure. Itshould be noted that user prepared reference material will notbe traceable, and is
29、 only to be used internally for thiscomparative test. If certified reference material is to be used, nopreparation of reference material is required.9.2 In accordance with the size of the reference material tobe produced, a calibration sieve of the same size, and a sievethat is one size coarser and
30、collection pan are required. Forexample, if 125 micrometer reference material is to be pro-duced a No. 120 sieve (125 micrometer), a No. 100 sieve (150micrometer) and collection pan are used.9.3 Nest the sieves in the shaker with the coarser sieve in thetop position, the finer sieve in the second po
31、sition, and thecollection pan in the bottom position. Any additional shakerpositions are not used.9.4 In this example add all the material to the coarser sieve.Continue sieving raw material until at least half the totalamount of reference material required is retained on the finersieve, and at least
32、 half is in the collection pan. In this exampleused above, all the material retained on the finer No.120 sievewill become reference material, as well as an equal amount byweight of the material in the collection pan. The materialretained on the larger No.100 sieve (150 micrometer) isdiscarded. Combi
33、ne the materials from the finer sieve and thecollection pan in equal proportions to produce the amount ofreference material required per Annex A1 for the performancetesting.10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 A sieve may be evaluated for acceptance based on thisstandard comparative test method.
34、The resulting calibrationE2427052records should be retained for the life of the sieve, with itstraceable number in accordance with Specification E11mark-ing requirements.10.2 If certified reference material is to be used, it may notbe required to determine the proportion of material retained ona cal
35、ibration sieve. The test results from the supplier shouldprovide this information.11. Procedure11.1 Measure the reference material that will be used toperform the test on a calibrated scale or balance; the recom-mended quantity may be referenced per Annex A111.2 Set the calibration sieve to be teste
36、d in the secondposition in the shaker. The sieve in the top position should bethe next coarser size using U.S. Standard sieve designations.For example, if a No. 120 sieve is in second position, the topposition sieve would be a No. 100 sieve. A collection pan willbe in the bottom position.11.3 Place
37、the reference material on the coarser sieve in thetop position and run the sieve shaker until endpoint, typicallyten minutes. All of the reference material should pass thecoarser sieve, which aids in it being evenly distributed over thefiner sieve.11.4 Weigh the reference material retained on the ca
38、libra-tion sieve in the second position. The remainder of thereference material should pass into the collection pan in thebottom position. The proportion of the retained material to thetotal starting material will be used for comparison to the sieves.It is not necessary to repeat this procedure on t
39、he calibrationsieve each time a sieve comparison is performed, unless thematerial degraded during the sieving process. The calibrationsieve proportion will remain the constant for comparison,provided the same batch of reference material is used.11.5 After the weight is obtained, mix the retained mat
40、erialwith the passed material in the collection pan, which will thenbecome the reference material used to check the performanceof subsequent sieves. Before each sieve is tested, the re-combined reference material must be weighed to obtain thestarting weight for the next test. If the starting weight
41、is lessthan 97 % of the original quantity, a new batch of referencematerial is required, and the sieve must be re-tested.11.6 Repeat procedures 11.1-11.5 for all subsequent sieves.Record the results for each sieve.11.7 The complete procedure must be repeated for eachdifferent size sieve to be tested
42、, using the corresponding sizereference material.12. Calculation or Interpretation of Results12.1 Normally, not all of the reference material is salvaged,as some is lost due to retention in the sieve and other losses thatoccur during testing. Therefore the proportion of retainedmaterial, not the act
43、ual weight, shall be compared betweensieves tested, per the following.Percent Retained 5Weight Retained / Starting Weight! * 100 (2)12.2 Compare the results of the sieve to the calibration sieveby subtracting the % retained on the calibration sieve from the% retained on the sieve. For example, if th
44、e calibration sieveretained 50 % of the reference material, and the sieve retained49 % of the reference material, there is a minus 1 % deviationbetween the two sieves.12.3 A sieve is considered acceptable for use if the percentdeviation test result is within the users tolerance for thespecific refer
45、ence material.13. Report13.1 The report shall include the following:13.1.1 The percent of reference material retained on thecalibration sieve.13.1.2 The percent of the reference material retained on thesieve.13.1.3 The percent deviation, with attention to the sign (plusor minus).13.1.4 The acceptanc
46、e status (i.e. accept or reject.)14. Precision and Bias14.1 There is no precision and bias information available atthis time. However, an inter-laboratory study is pending.E2427053ANNEXA1. Annex “A”Acceptable Sample Size (grams)Nominal SieveDiameter3 Inch 6 Inch 8 Inch 12 inchSieving Diameter(Inches
47、)2.74 5.63 7.63 11.26Sieving Area (mm2) 3804.2 16061.1 29498.9 64244.2Aperture Size (mm)125 213 898 1649 3591106 196 827 1519 3307100 190 803 1475 321290.0 180 762 1399 304775.0 165 695 1277 278263.0 151 637 1171 255053.0 138 585 1074 233950.0 134 568 1043 227145.0 128 539 989 215537.5 116 492 903 1
48、96731.5 107 451 828 180326.5 98 413 759 165425.0 95 402 737 160622.4 90 380 698 152019.0 83 350 643 140016.0 76 321 590 128513.2 69 292 536 116712.5 67 284 521 113611.2 64 269 494 10759.50 59 248 455 9908.00 54 227 417 9096.70 49 208 382 8316.30 48 202 370 8065.60 45 190 349 7604.75 41 175 321 7003.
49、35 35 147 270 5882.80 32 134 247 5382.36 29 123 227 493Acceptable Sample Size (grams)Nominal SieveDiameter3 Inch 6 Inch 8 Inch 12 inchSieving Diameter(Inches)2.74 5.63 7.63 11.26Sieving Area (mm2) 3804.2 16061.1 29498.9 64244.2Aperture Size (mm)2.00 27 114 209 4541.70 25 105 192 4191.40 23 95 175 3801.18 21 87 160 3491.00 19 80 147 3210.850 18 74 136 2960.710 16 68 124 2710.600 15 62 114 2490.500 13 57 104 2270.425 12 52 96 2090.355 11 48 88 1910.300 10 44 81 1760.250 9.5 40 74 1610.212 8.8 37 68 1480.180 8.1 34 63 1360.150 7.4 31 57 1240.125 6.7 28 52 1140.106 6.2 26 4
