1、Designation: E2427 13E2427 18Standard Test Method forAcceptance by Performance Testing for Sieves1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is a performance test for acceptance of sieves.1.2 This test method compares the performance of a sieve against an
3、inspection or calibration sieve using a known quantity ofreference material such that the long-term stability of sieves can be measured.1.3 This is a test method for checking the accuracy and long-term reliability of test sieves. Since it is not possible to adjust themeasuring capability of a test s
4、ieve, the test method is designed to offer a verification procedure based on sieving performance bycomparison to a standard reference. This test method is not proposed as an alternative to the inspection methods in accordance withSpecification E11 or the procedures in MNL 32.1.4 UnitsThe values stat
5、ed in SI units are to be regarded as standard. All otherThe additional values given are included forinformation only.only and are not considered standard.1.5 This test method standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
6、the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizatione
7、stablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterizat
8、ion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01 onSieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2013October 2018. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20112013as E2427 11.E2427 13. DOI: 10.1520
9、/E2427-13.10.1520/E2427-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends t
10、hat users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documen
11、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Siev
12、ing Methods, and Screening MediaMNL 32 Manual on Test Sieving Methods Guidelines for Establishing Sieve Analysis Procedures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms relating to sieve analysis can be found in Terminology E1638.3.1 DefinitionsFor terms relating to sieve analysis, refer to Terminology E16
13、38.3.1.1 calibration test sieve, na test sieve manufactured using sieve cloth which has been inspected after being mounted in thesieve frame, and that meets the requirements of Table 1 of Specification E11 in part based on the standard deviation of the requirednumber of sample openings in the test s
14、ieve (Column 11) not exceeding the maximum allowable for a confidence level of 99.73 %(Column 12). E113.1.2 endpoint, npoint at which no material falls through the sieve concluding the sieving, taking into account sampledegradation.3.1.3 inspection test sieve, natest sieve manufactured using sieve c
15、loth which has been inspected after being mounted in thesieve frame, and that meets the requirements of Table 1 of Specification E11 in part based on the standard deviation of the requirednumber of sample openings in the test sieve (Column 9) not exceeding the maximum allowable for a confidence leve
16、l of 99 %(Column 10). E113.1.4 percent retained, nmass fraction percentage of material that is left upon or retained by the sieve after the test has beenperformed.3.1.5 sieve, nan apparatus consisting of a medium with regularly spaced apertures of uniform size, mounted in a suitableframe or holder,
17、for use in separating material according to size.3.1.6 sieve shaker, nthe device used to agitate the sieves, excluding hand sieving.3.2 calibration test sieve, na test sieve manufactured using sieve cloth which has been inspected after being mounted in thesieve frame, and that meets the requirements
18、 of Table 1 of Specification E11 in part based on the standard deviation of the requirednumber of sample openings in the test sieve (Column 11) not exceeding the maximum allowable for a confidence level of 99.73 %(Column 12). E113.3 endpoint, npoint at which no material falls through the sieve concl
19、uding the sieving, taking into account sampledegradation.3.4 inspection test sieve, natest sieve manufactured using sieve cloth which has been inspected after being mounted in thesieve frame, and that meets the requirements of Table 1 of Specification E11 in part based on the standard deviation of t
20、he requirednumber of sample openings in the test sieve (Column 9) not exceeding the maximum allowable for a confidence level of 99 %(Column 10). E113.5 percent retained, nmass fraction percentage of material that is left upon or retained by the sieve after the test has beenperformed.3.6 sieve, nan a
21、pparatus consisting of a medium with regularly spaced apertures of uniform size, mounted in a suitable frameor holder, for use in separating material according to size.3.7 sieve shaker, nthe mechanical device or method used to shake the sieves, excluding hand sieving.4. Significance and Use4.1 This
22、test method may be used by producers, users, and general interest parties for research and development or productionquality control work, and is useful for the comparison of sieves.4.2 Because the reference materials particle size distribution will affect the acceptance tolerance, the user should de
23、termine anacceptance tolerance based on their specific reference material.5. Interferences5.1 The long-term use of sieves can compromise the reliability of test results. Depending on the type of materials beingmeasured, wear can occur on the diameter of the wires causing opening sizes to change and
24、measuring capability to drift.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.E2427 1825.2 The speci
25、fic particle size distribution of the reference material will affect the acceptance tolerance. Therefore each referencematerial shall be developed based on a desired particle size distribution.5.3 Care should be taken with the use of the reference materials. Since the same batch of material may be u
26、sed more than onetime, it shall not be contaminated as variation in the material will affect the test results.5.4 The exact same sieve shaker shall be used for any performance comparison.6. Apparatus6.1 SieveSieve, in accordance with Specification E11 tolerances.6.2 Sieve ShakerShaker, certified as
27、such by the manufacturer in accordance with Specificationable to continuously agitate thesieve for the time required E11 tolerances.to reach the endpoint.6.3 Calibration SieveSieve, certified as such by the manufacturer in accordance with Specification E11 tolerances.6.4 Sieve Shakermechanical devic
28、e capable of holding a stack of at least one sieve and a collection device. Hand sieving(manual sieving) is not acceptable.6.4 BalanceBalance, having the capacity to weigh the appropriate sample sizes in accordance with Annex A1 in grams, withaccuracy to 0.01 g or better.7. Hazards7.1 ManufacturersM
29、anufacturers procedures should be followed when operating machinery such as sieve-shaking devices.The testing of some materials may produce dust. Proper procedures for minimizing dust inhalation and working with hazardousmaterials should be followed at all times. Materials likely to produce high lev
30、els of dust may not be appropriate for use withoutspecial precautions.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Select an inspection or calibration sieve of the same nominal aperture size as the sieve to be tested for acceptance.8.2 The selected sieve to be tested shall be physically sound. The sieve cloth sha
31、ll be taut and free of broken or distorted wires.Joints shall be intact. Sieve frames shall be cylindrical and nest easily with other sieves.8.3 Select the reference material to be used to conduct the test. Reference materials shall be either certified standard testmaterials that are purchased or pr
32、epared by the user. If prepared by the user, it is recommended that the reference material be ofthe same composition as the production material. If less than the entire batch is used, acquire a test sample in accordance with MNL32.9. Preparation of Reference Material9.1 User-Prepared Reference Mater
33、ialThe reference material may be prepared from the production material being tested,provided that the material will not blind or adhere to the sieve apertures nor break down during the test procedure. Preparedreference material is not traceable and shall only be used internally for this comparative
34、test. If certified reference material is used,no preparation of reference material is required.9.2 In accordance with the size of the reference material produced, a sieve of the same size and a sieve that is one size coarserand a collection pan are required. For example, if 125-m reference material
35、is to be produced, a 125-m (No. 120) sieve, a 150-m(No. 100) sieve, and a collection pan are used.9.3 Nest the sieves in the shaker with the coarser sieve in the top position, the finer sieve in the second position, and thecollection pan in the bottom position. Any additional shaker positions are no
36、t used.9.4 Add all the reference material to the coarser sieve. Continue sieving until approximately half the total amount of referencematerial required is retained on the finer sieve and the balance is in the collection pan.All the material retained on the finer 125-m(No. 120) sieve will become ref
37、erence material, as well as an equal amount by weight of the material in the collection pan. Thematerial retained on the larger 150-m (No. 100) sieve is discarded. Combine all the materials from the finer sieve and thecollection pan in equal proportions to produce the amount of reference material re
38、quired in accordance with Annex A1 for theperformance testing.10. Performance Test Records10.1 A sieve may be evaluated for acceptance based on this standard comparative test method. The resulting performance testrecords shall be retained for the life of the sieve with its traceable number in accord
39、ance with Specification E11 markingrequirements.E2427 18311. Procedure11.1 Weigh the reference material that will be used to perform the test on a calibrated scale or balance; the recommendedquantity may be referenced in accordance with Annex A1.11.2 Nest the sieve to be tested in the collection pan
40、 in the shaker.11.3 Place the reference material on the sieve and run the sieve shaker until endpoint.11.4 Weigh the reference material retained on the sieve. The remainder of the reference material shall pass into the collectionpan in the bottom position. The proportion of the retained material to
41、the total starting material will be used for comparing theperformance of the sieve to the inspection or calibration sieve. It is not necessary to repeat this procedure on the inspection orcalibration sieve each time a sieve performance test is performed unless the material degraded during the sievin
42、g process. Theinspection or calibration sieve proportion will remain the constant for comparison provided the same batch of reference materialis used.11.5 After the weight is obtained, mix the retained material with the passed material in the collection pan, which will thenbecome the reference mater
43、ial used to check the performance of subsequent sieves. Before each sieve is tested, the recombinedreference material shall be weighed to obtain the starting weight for the next test. If the starting weight is less than 97 % of theoriginal quantity, a new batch of reference material is required.11.6
44、 Repeat procedures 11.1 11.5 for all subsequent sieves. Record the results for each sieve.11.7 The complete procedure shall be repeated for each different size sieve to be tested using the corresponding size referencematerial.12. Calculation or Interpretation of Results12.1 Normally, not all of the
45、reference material is salvaged, as some is lost because of retention in the sieve and other lossesthat occur during testing. Therefore, the proportion of retained material, not the actual weight, shall be compared between sievestested, in accordance with the following:Percent Retained5Weight Retaine
46、d/Starting Weight!*100 (1)12.2 Compare the results of the sieve to the inspection or calibration sieve by subtracting the percent retained on the inspectionor calibration sieve from the percent retained on the sieve. For example, if the inspection or calibration sieve retained 50 % of thereference m
47、aterial and the sieve retained 49 % of the reference material, there is a 1 % deviation between the two sieves.12.3 A sieve is considered acceptable for use if the percent deviation test result is within the users tolerance for the specificreference material, not to exceed 5 %.13. Report13.1 The rep
48、ort shall include the following:13.1.1 The percent of reference material retained on the inspection or calibration sieve,13.1.2 The percent of the reference material retained on the sieve,13.1.3 The percent deviation with attention to the sign (plus or minus), and13.1.4 The acceptance status (that i
49、s, accepted or rejected).14. Precision and Bias14.1 The precision of this test method is based on an interlaboratory study of E2427 11, Test Method for Acceptance byPerformance Testing for Sieves, conducted in 2012. Seven laboratories tested one material in triplicate, on both calibration andworking sieves. Every “test result” represents an individual determination. Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysisof the data.314.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitive results obtained by the same operator in a given lab
