1、Designation: E2443 05 (Reapproved 2018)1Standard Guide forVerifying Computer-Generated Test Results Through TheUse Of Standard Data Sets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTESections 3.1.2, 3.1.4, 4.2, 4.7.3, 4.8.4, and 4.10 were editorially corrected in August 2018.1. Scop
3、e1.1 This guide establishes a process for the verification ofapplication software used to calculate the mechanical proper-ties of materials.1.2 This guide has two purposes: (1) it provides guidelinesfor creating standard data sets for verifying computer-generated test results, and (2) it describes h
4、ow users can verifywhether the calculations in their application software produceaccurate, acceptable results. This does not ensure that thesoftware will produce correct results in all cases. The verifi-cation is only for those conditions covered by the standard datasets. This guide uses the concept
5、 of standard “data sets,” whichare made available by the ASTM groups responsible for eachof the individual standards.1.3 This guide defines the terminology, the format, and theprocess for the use of these data sets and how the data sets areto be used for verification. It does not define the specific
6、 datasets required to verify each of the application standards.Rather, such data sets would become a necessary part of thestandard and would be classified as an adjunct in accord withthe definition in section B29 of the “Form and Style for ASTMStandards.” This classifies an adjunct as any material t
7、hat isrequired for use of the standard but is not practicable to publishas an integral part of the standard.1.4 In Annex A1 there is an example of how such data setswould be made available for one example standard.1.5 Because the verification data sets are contained in filessupplied to the applicati
8、on software in the computer, thisprocedure only provides verification of post-test calculationsperformed by the computer system. It does not evaluate thedata acquisition system, real-time calculations, or any otherpart of the software beyond the post-test calculations.1.6 This international standard
9、 was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Refer
10、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1942 Guide for Evaluating Data Acquisition Systems Usedin Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 ASCIIAmerican National Standard Code for Infor-mation Interchange. Data supplied in this f
11、orm is readable byany computer system and will be displayed on the screen inhuman readable form.3.1.2 raw dataThe sampled values of a sensor output.3.1.3 data setA self-contained set of data consisting of apreamble, specimen information, and basic data. This may takethe form of a printed document or
12、 a computer data file.3.1.4 derived dataData obtained through the processingof the raw data.3.1.5 expected resultsThe results accompanying the datasets that are expected from the computer.3.1.6 item separatorA special character (delimiter) usedto separate items that appear on one line of ASCII chara
13、cters.3.1.7 keywordA text word or combination of charactersthat uniquely identify an item of information in the SpecimenInformation section. Such keywords are defined in a preambleto the data set within the standard in which they are to be used.3.1.8 line terminatorAcharacter or sequence of characte
14、rsused to signify the end of a line of ASCII characters.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue andFracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.03 on AdvancedApparatus and Techniques.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Origina
15、llyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2443-05. DOI:10.1520/E2443-05R18E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Do
16、cument Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on
17、 Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.9 preambleA text section describing the data set,which standard it applies to, any critical information andrestrictions for us
18、e of the data sets, and the expected values(derived data) to be found as a result of running the algorithmusing the basic data. This section of the data set would not beused by the computer, and would normally be stripped off ofthe data set prior to its use with the computer.3.1.10 segment markerA c
19、olumn of data alongside thecolumns of basic data which indicate different control sectionsduring the test, such as loading versus unloading sections,which might be needed by the algorithm under evaluation.3.1.11 specimen informationInformation about a testedspecimen, other than the basic data, such
20、as specimendimensions, speed of testing, and any other relevant informa-tion that are required in the analysis.3.1.12 statusThe status of the standard data set indicatesthat it has either been approved by the appropriate ASTMentity, or that it is unapproved. Unapproved data sets may beposted and mad
21、e available to users for round robin testing orother purposes, but results from the use of an unapproved dataset would not meet the requirements of this standard guide.4. Description of the Use of Basic Data For SoftwareVerification.4.1 In its most basic form, a mechanical testing systemconsists of
22、a test frame with grips which attach to a testspecimen, a method of applying forces to the specimen, and anumber of transducers that measure the forces and deforma-tions applied to the specimen. (See Fig. 1)4.2 The measurement system may be divided into threesections for the purpose of verification:
23、 the mechanical testframe and its components, the electrical measurement system,and the computer processing of data. This guide is specificallyconcerned only with the final section, namely the computerprocessing of data once the basic data is acquired.4.3 The principle of using data sets is that a s
24、tandard maypublish as an adjunct a set of basic data and expected resultsthat may be used to verify that software designed to implementthe calculations is performing correctly. The user of the data setinputs such data into their computer either automatically,manually, or a combination of both.4.3.1
25、For example, it may prove most convenient to inputthe specimen information (described in 4.7) manually, and thenhave the computer read the basic data as a file. The user thenstarts the computation and compares the actual results withexpected results supplied along with the data set. If such resultsa
26、gree with the expected results within the specified tolerance,the computer algorithms may be considered verified. If not, theuser must explore the reason for the difference.4.4 When supplied in the form of a computer-readable file,the data set shall be in industry-standard ASCII format.4.5 Preamble
27、CharacteristicsThe preamble to the data setis a section of text containing at least the following:4.5.1 Unique ID of the form: ASTM standard number towhich this data set applies, DSxx, where xx is the data setnumber (revision year.) For example, E 1234-DS2(2005);4.5.2 Title;4.5.3 Any parameters requ
28、ired by the algorithm, and theunits to be used;4.5.4 Short description of the content of the data file andwhat test conditions this data set is verifying;4.5.5 Details of the segment markers on the data file, if any;4.5.6 Expected results (in appropriate units), as well as theallowable tolerance (in
29、 %); and4.5.7 Contact information for ASTM International.FIG. 1 Schematic of a typical test systemE2443 05 (2018)124.6 The preamble is initiated with the marker ,and terminated by the marker .4.7 Specimen Information Characteristics:4.7.1 The specimen information section consists of a num-ber of row
30、s of information essential for use by the algorithmunder evaluation. Such information might, for example, in-clude the gage length of an extensometer, the dimensions of aspecimen, or the test temperature. Each row has this format:keyword (text), item separator, value (numeric), units (text).4.7.2 It
31、 is required for ease of use that the specimeninformation section contain only essential information for thecalculations to be performed by the computer. Such informa-tion would include the length of the basic data file. Otherinformation, such as specimen identification, relative humidity,and so for
32、th which might normally be included in a test reportshould not be included in the specimen information section ofthe data set.4.7.3 The specimen information section is initiated with themarker and terminated by the marker.4.8 Basic Data Characteristics:4.8.1 Following the specimen information sectio
33、n are twoor more columns of synchronous data in a table representing orcontaining data acquired from a test. The order and contents ofeach column are defined by the standard using the data set. Forexample, the first column might be values for Crack-TipOpening Displacement (COD), and the second might
34、 be thecorresponding force values. The first row of the table containscolumn descriptors (text). The second row contains units (text)for each column of data. For example, the COD values mightbe in mm, and the force values in Newtons.4.8.2 The data is initiated with the marker , andterminated by the
35、marker .4.8.3 Following the two rows of column headings are rowsof basic data. Each row has the format: X value (numeric), itemseparator, Y value (numeric), item separator, Y2 value(numeric), item separator,.segment marker, line termina-tor.4.8.4 Items enclosed by square brackets in 4.8.3 areoptiona
36、l.4.8.5 The segment marker is an optional field in the data thatindicates different sections of data, such as an initial loadingsection, or loading and unloading compliance sections. Itsinclusion depends on whether it is required for the algorithmbeing tested.4.9 Basic Data Types:4.9.1 Two or more t
37、ypes of Basic Data are suitable forevaluating computer algorithms, absolute and typical, as fol-lows.(1) Absolute data sets are made of straight lines andsegments, which have only one, absolute correct answer (forexample, a very tight accuracy tolerance).(2) Typical data sets more closely resemble t
38、he actual dataone might expect from a test, such as, non-linear curves,discontinuities, or other data characteristics typical of thestandard test.4.10 Validity Tests:4.10.1 It is up to the Task Group or Committee responsiblefor the Standard to create and recommend data sets that willadequately test
39、the software for valid or invalid results. That is,if the software must be configured to catch certain things thatmake a test invalid, the data set and expected results must beconfigured to test these validity checks.4.11 Expected Results:4.11.1 The expected results are supplied along with thebasic
40、data set and provide the correct, calculated (derived)results that should be produced by the software. Also includedwith the expected results is a tolerance band (+ or a certain% of the result) within which the derived data must fall in orderto be considered acceptable. If the derived data falls out
41、side thetolerance band, then it is presumed that the calculations, orcalculation parameters, are incorrect or improperly selected.4.12 Reformatting:4.12.1 It is expected that in many cases the data set mayhave to be reformatted prior to use, for example, to remove thepreamble and some or all of the
42、specimen information. Thismay be readily done using a suitable software tool to producea reformatted data file that meets the needs of the computer.Note that reformatting does not include or permit any contentchanges.4.13 ASCII File format:4.13.1 In the preamble section of the data set, there are no
43、format requirements other than that it be in ASCII format andreadable by any standard text reader. In the specimen informa-tion and data sections, items are in columns separated by thetab separator . The end-of-line terminator should be asequence of carriage return followed by linefeed . Zeroes befo
44、re decimal separators and after the lastsignificant digit are optional. Numbers shall not use a thou-sands separator.5. System Requirements5.1 No materials specimens or testing machines are requiredfor this evaluation. All that is necessary is the computer loadedwith the software (algorithm) to be e
45、valuated5.2 The specimen information is supplied to the computereither by being manually typed in, or by direct input if thesoftware can adapt to the format supplied.5.3 The basic data is then entered by being read from a fileon the computer, or from a storage medium such as a CD.6. Procedure for Cr
46、eating Data Sets6.1 Each Committee responsible for a standard that wishesto add a test data set to their standard should undertake thefollowing steps:6.1.1 Decide on Parameters to be Verified, The committeeshould decide which parameters determined by the standardmight be implemented by computer algo
47、rithms and should beverified.6.1.2 Obtain Data, The committee should obtain one orseveral sets of basic data (absolute or typical, or both) that arerepresentative of test data that might be obtained from aphysical test. These should then be formatted as described inthis standard for circulation.E244
48、3 05 (2018)136.1.3 Provide Expected Results calculation; data acquisition; mechanicalproperties; software; standard data sets; validation; verificationANNEXA1. EXAMPLE OF A STANDARD DATA TESTA1.1 See Table A1.1.E2443 05 (2018)14ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pate
49、nt rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed t
