1、Designation: E2515 10Standard Test Method forDetermination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected bya Dilution Tunnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2515; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is applicable for the determination ofparticulate matter emissions from solid-fuel-burning a
3、ppli-ances including woodstoves, pellet-burning appliances,factory-built fireplaces, masonry fireplaces, masonry heaters,indoor furnaces, and indoor and outdoor hydronic heaterswithin a laboratory environment.1.2 Analytes will be a particulate matter (PM) with no CASnumber assigned. For data quality
4、 objectives, see AppendixX1.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This test method does not purport to address all of
5、 thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2986 Practice for Evalu
6、ation of Air Assay Media by theMonodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test3E2558 Test Method for Determining Particulate MatterEmissions from Fires in Low Mass Wood-Burning Fire-placesE2618 Test Method for Measurement of Particulate Emis-sions and Heating Efficiency of Outdoor Solid Fuel-FiredHy
7、dronic Heating Appliances2.2 AISI Documents:4AISI 316 Stainless Steel3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 laboratory environmentthe area or room that is usedfor the storage, weighing, assembly, disassembly, and desicca-tion of filters and related equipment (sample r
8、ecovery andanalysis).3.1.2 particulate matter (PM)all gas-borne matter result-ing from combustion of solid fuel, as specified in the applianceoperation test method, that is collected and retained by thespecified filter and probe system under the conditions of thetest.3.1.3 test facilitythe area in w
9、hich the tested appliance isinstalled, operated, and sampled for emissions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The total flue-gas exhaust from a solid fuel burningappliance is collected along with ambient dilution air with acollection hood. Duplicate sampling trains are used to extractgas samples from the
10、dilution tunnel for determination ofparticulate matter concentrations. Each sample train has twoglass fiber filters in series. The samples are withdrawn at aconsistently proportional rate from sampling points located atthe centroid of a sampling tunnel. During sampling, the filtersare maintained at
11、a temperature less than 32C (90F). Themass of the sampled particulate matter is determined gravi-metrically after the removal of uncombined water. The totalparticulate matter mass collected on the filters and in the probeand front filter housing are multiplied by the ratio of thedilution tunnel flow
12、 to sample flow to determine the totalparticulate emissions during a test.4.2 The sampling system for this test method consists ofduplicate dual-filter dry sampling trains. Both of the particulatesampling trains are operated simultaneously at a sample flowrate not to exceed 0.007 m3/min (0.25 cfm/mi
13、n). The totalparticulate results obtained from the two sampling trains are1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Publi
14、shed November 2010. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2515 09. DOI:10.1520/E2515-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe
15、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.steel.org.1Copyrig
16、ht ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.averaged to determine the particulate emissions and are com-pared as a quality control check on the data validity.4.3 The particulate concentration results for each samplingtrain is adjusted by
17、 the particulate concentration result from asingle room air sample blank collected and processed the sameas the dilution tunnel particulate sampling trains described in4.2, except that only one filter is used in the sampling train. Ametering system as described in 6.1.1.4 shall be used todetermine t
18、he volume of room air collected. The sample flowrate shall not exceed 0.007 m3/min (0.25 cfm).4.4 Appliances tested by this test method are to be fueledand operated as specified in appliance-specific test methodssuch as, but not limited to, Test Methods E2558 or E2618.5. Safety5.1 DisclaimerThis tes
19、t method may involve hazardousmaterials, operations, and equipment. This test method may notaddress all of the safety problems associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this test method to establishappropriate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of reg
20、ulatory limitations prior to performing thistest method.6. Equipment and Supplies6.1 Sample CollectionThe following equipment is re-quired for sample collection:6.1.1 Particulate Sampling TrainTwo separate, completeparticulate sampling trains (also referred to as “samplingtrains”) are required for e
21、ach test run. The filter face velocityshall not exceed 150 mm/sec (30 ft/min) during the test run.The dry gas meter shall be calibrated for the same flow raterange as encountered during the test runs. The sampling trainconfiguration is shown in Fig. 1 and consists of the followingcomponents.6.1.1.1
22、Filter Holder AssemblyThe filter holder assemblyis shown in Fig. 2 and consists of the following components:(1) Filter HoldersThe primary (front) filter holder shallbe aluminum or PTFE.5The backup (rear) filter holder may bemade of materials such as polycarbonate.6With such plasticmaterials, it is r
23、ecommended not to use solvents when cleaningthe filter holder parts. Mild soap and distilled water can be usedfor cleaning plastic filter holder parts. The two filter holdersshall be placed in series with the backup filter holder located 25to 100 mm (1 to 4 in.) downstream from the primary filterhol
24、der. The filter holders shall be capable of holding a filterwith 47 mm diameter. The holder design shall provide apositive seal against leakage from the outside or around thefilters. The use of a porous glass or ceramic frit to support thefirst (front) filter is not allowed. Any type of filter suppo
25、rt isallowed for the second (rear) filter.(2) Probe AssembliesProbe assemblies shall consist ofthe following components assembled to provide a leak-tightseal:(a) Front half of front filter holder as specified in 6.1.1.1(1).(b) ProbeThe probe shall be constructed from seamlessstainless steel (that is
26、, AISI 316 or grade more corrosionresistant) 6.35 mm (14 in.) outside diameter (O.D.) and 0.30 to0.45 m (12 to 18 in.) in length, with a wall thickness such thatthe total weight of the probe and front filter housing can beweighed to an accuracy of 0.1 mg.(3) Filters in accordance with 7.1.1.(4) Filt
27、er Gaskets.6.1.1.2 Filter Temperature Monitoring SystemA tempera-ture sensor capable of measuring with an accuracy of 62C5The Pall (Gelman) 1235 filter holder has been found suitable for this purpose.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Head
28、quarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.6The Pall (Gelman) 1119 filter holder has been found suitable for this purpose.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInterna
29、tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Particulate Sampling TrainE2515 102(3.6F). The sensor shall be installed at the exit side of the frontfilter holder so that the sensing tip of the tem
30、perature sensor isin direct contact with the sample gas as shown in Fig. 2.6.1.1.3 DryerAny system capable of removing waterfrom the sample gas to less than 1.5 % moisture (volumepercent) prior to the metering system. The system shall includea temperature sensor for demonstrating that sample gas tem
31、-perature exiting the dryer is less than 27C (80F). See Fig. 1for location of the dryer.6.1.1.4 Metering SystemThe metering system shall in-clude a vacuum gauge, leak-free pump, temperature sensorscapable of measuring with an accuracy of 62C (3.6F), gasmetering system capable of measuring the total
32、volumesampled to within 6 2 % of the measured value, and relatedequipment, as shown in Fig. 1.6.1.2 BarometerMercury, aneroid, or other barometer ca-pable of measuring atmospheric pressure with an accuracy of62.5 mm Hg (0.1 in.). Must meet calibration requirementsspecified in 8.3.NOTE 1The barometri
33、c pressure reading may be obtained from anearby National Weather Service station. In this case, the station value(which is the absolute barometric pressure) shall be requested and anadjustment for elevation differences between the weather station andsampling point shall be made at a rate of minus 2.
34、5 mm Hg (0.1 in.) per30 m (100 ft) elevation increase or plus 2.5 mm Hg (0.1 in) per 30 m (100ft) elevation decrease.6.1.3 Dilution Tunnel Gas Temperature MeasurementAtemperature sensor capable of measuring with an accuracy of62C (3.6F). Must meet calibration requirements specified in8.2.6.1.4 Pitot
35、 TubeA standard Pitot tube designed accordingto the criteria given in 6.1.4.1 shall be used to measure flow inthe dilution tunnel. Pitot tubes will have an assumed Pitotcoefficient of 0.99 and be designed according to these specifi-cations:6.1.4.1 Standard pitot design (see Appendix X2 for anexample
36、);6.1.4.2 Hemispherical, ellipsoidal, or conical tip;6.1.4.3 A minimum of six diameters straight run (basedupon D, the external diameter of the tube) between the tip andthe static pressure holes;6.1.4.4 A minimum of eight diameters straight run betweenthe static pressure holes and the centerline of
37、the external tube,following the 90 bend;6.1.4.5 Static pressure holes of equal size (approximately0.1 D), equally spaced in a piezometer ring configuration; and6.1.4.6 90 bend, with curved or mitered junction.6.1.5 Differential Pressure GaugeAn inclined manometeror equivalent shall be readable to th
38、e nearest 0.127 mm (0.005in.) water for Dp values greater than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) water,and to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) water for Dp valuesless than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) water.6.1.6 Dilution TunnelThe dilution tunnel apparatus isshown in Fig. 3 and consists of the following components:6.1.6.1
39、HoodConstructed of steel. Hood shall be largeenough to capture all of the flue-gas flow exiting the top of theappliance chimney. The dilution tunnel hood shall be conicalwith a minimum diameter at the entrance of at least four timesthe tunnel diameter. The height of the conical section shall beat le
40、ast 3 tunnel diameters. A skirt can be used around the inletto the conical section to insure capture of the flue-gas exhaustas shown in 9.2.4 as long as the requirements of 9.2.3 are met.The outlet of the conical section shall be sized to mate with thedilution tunnel. (See Fig. 3.)6.1.6.2 90 ElbowsS
41、teel 90 elbows should be used forconnecting mixing duct, straight duct, and optional damperassembly. There shall be at least two 90 elbows upstream ofthe sampling section. (See Fig. 3.)6.1.6.3 Straight DuctSteel should be used to provide theducting for the dilution tunnel from the tunnel inlet in th
42、ecollection hood to the blower. Two velocity traverse ports shallbe located at least 8 tunnel diameters downstream of the lastflow disturbance (for example, a 90 elbow) and positioned at90 to each other in the dilution tunnel sampling section. Thesevelocity traverse points shall be of sufficient siz
43、e to allow entryof the standard Pitot tube but shall not exceed 12.7 mm (0.5 in)diameter. Two particulate sample extraction ports shall belocated at least 4 tunnel diameters downstream of the velocitytraverse ports and at least 2 tunnel diameters upstream from thenext downstream flow disturbance. Th
44、ese sample extractionports shall be of sufficient size to allow entry of the samplingFIG. 2 Filter Holder AssemblyE2515 103probes. The total length of duct from the center of the stack inthe hood to the sampling ports shall not exceed 9.1 m (30 ft).6.1.6.4 BlowerSquirrel cage or other type of fan ca
45、pableof gathering and moving all flue-gases and entrained dilutionair from the dilution tunnel extraction hood to the dilutiontunnel exhaust having sufficient flow to maintain dilution ratespecifications in Section 9. (See 9.2.)6.1.7 Test Facility Temperature MonitorA thermocouplelocated centrally i
46、n a vertically oriented 150 mm (6 in.) long,50 mm (2 in.) diameter pipe shield that is open at both ends.Must meet the calibration requirements specified in 8.2.6.1.8 AnemometerDevice capable of detecting air veloci-ties less than 0.10 m/sec (20 ft/min) and used for measuring airvelocities in the te
47、st facility near the test appliance.6.2 Sample AnalysisThe following items are required forsample analysis:6.2.1 DesiccatorAny airtight cabinet or other containercontaining desiccant to remove moisture from the probes, frontfilter housings, filters, and filter gaskets prior to and aftertesting;6.2.2
48、 Analytical BalanceWith a resolution 0.1 mg orbetter. Must meet the calibration requirements specified in 8.4;6.2.3 Hygrometer or Sling PsychrometerTo measure therelative humidity of the laboratory environment with a resolu-tion of 2 % RH or better; and6.2.4 Temperature SensorTo measure the temperat
49、ure ofthe laboratory environment. Must meet the calibration require-ments specified in 8.2.7. Reagents and Standards7.1 Sample CollectionThe following reagents are re-quired for sample collection:7.1.1 FiltersGlass fiber filters with a diameter of 47 mmwithout organic binder, exhibiting at least 99.95 % efficiency(0.05 % penetration) on 0.3-micron dioctyl phthalate smokeparticles in accordance with Practice D2986. Manufacturersquality control test data are sufficient for validation of effi-ciency.77.2 Sample AnalysisOne reagent
