1、Designation: E2515 11Standard Test Method forDetermination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected bya Dilution Tunnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2515; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is applicable for the determination ofparticulate matter emissions from solid-fuel-burning a
3、ppli-ances including woodstoves, pellet-burning appliances,factory-built fireplaces, masonry fireplaces, masonry heaters,indoor furnaces, and indoor and outdoor hydronic heaterswithin a laboratory environment.1.2 Analytes will be a particulate matter (PM) with no CASnumber assigned. For data quality
4、 objectives, see AppendixX1.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This test method does not purport to address all of
5、 thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2986 Practice for Evalu
6、ation of Air Assay Media by theMonodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test3E2558 Test Method for Determining Particulate MatterEmissions from Fires in Low Mass Wood-Burning Fire-placesE2618 Test Method for Measurement of Particulate Emis-sions and Heating Efficiency of Outdoor Solid Fuel-FiredHy
7、dronic Heating AppliancesE2779 Test Method for Determining Particulate MatterEmissions from Pellet HeatersE2780 Test Method for Determining Particulate MatterEmissions from Wood HeatersE2817 Test Method for Test Fueling Masonry Heaters2.2 AISI Documents:4AISI 316 Stainless Steel2.3 NIST Documents:5N
8、IST Monograph 175 Standard Limits of Error3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 laboratory environmentthe area or room that is usedfor the storage, weighing, assembly, disassembly, and desicca-tion of filters and related equipment (sample recovery andanalysis).3.1.2
9、particulate matter (PM)all gas-borne matter result-ing from combustion of solid fuel, as specified in the applianceoperation test method, that is collected and retained by thespecified filter and probe system under the conditions of thetest.3.1.3 test facilitythe area in which the tested appliance i
10、sinstalled, operated, and sampled for emissions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The total flue-gas exhaust from a solid fuel burningappliance is collected along with ambient dilution air with acollection hood. Duplicate sampling trains are used to extractgas samples from the dilution tunnel for determi
11、nation ofparticulate matter concentrations. Each sample train has twoglass fiber filters in series. The samples are withdrawn at aconsistently proportional rate from sampling points located atthe centroid of a sampling tunnel. During sampling, the filtersare maintained at a temperature less than 32C
12、 (90F). Themass of the sampled particulate matter is determined gravi-metrically after the removal of uncombined water. The totalparticulate matter mass collected on the filters and in the probeand front filter housing are multiplied by the ratio of thedilution tunnel flow to sample flow to determin
13、e the totalparticulate emissions during a test.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Original
14、lyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2515 10. DOI:10.1520/E2515-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
15、Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.steel.org.5Available from National Institute o
16、f Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 The sampling system for this test method consists ofduplicate dual-filte
17、r dry sampling trains. Both of the particulatesampling trains are operated simultaneously at a sample flowrate not to exceed 0.007 m3/min (0.25 cfm/min). The totalparticulate results obtained from the two sampling trains areaveraged to determine the particulate emissions and are com-pared as a quali
18、ty control check on the data validity.4.3 The particulate concentration results for each samplingtrain is adjusted by the particulate concentration result from asingle room air sample blank collected and processed the sameas the dilution tunnel particulate sampling trains described in4.2, except tha
19、t only one filter is used in the sampling train. Ametering system as described in 6.1.1.4 shall be used todetermine the volume of room air collected. The sample flowrate shall not exceed 0.007 m3/min (0.25 cfm).4.4 Appliances tested by this test method are to be fueledand operated as specified in ap
20、pliance-specific test methodssuch as, but not limited to, Test Methods E2558, E2618,E2779, E2780,orE2817.5. Safety5.1 DisclaimerThis test method may involve hazardousmaterials, operations, and equipment. This test method may notaddress all of the safety problems associated with its use. It isthe res
21、ponsibility of the user of this test method to establishappropriate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to performing thistest method.6. Equipment and Supplies6.1 Sample CollectionThe following equipment is re-quired for sample collection:6.1
22、.1 Particulate Sampling TrainTwo separate, completeparticulate sampling trains (also referred to as “samplingtrains”) are required for each test run. The filter face velocityshall not exceed 150 mm/sec (30 ft/min) during the test run.The dry gas meter shall be calibrated for the same flow raterange
23、as encountered during the test runs. The sampling trainconfiguration is shown in Fig. 1 and consists of the followingcomponents.6.1.1.1 Filter Holder AssemblyThe filter holder assemblyis shown in Fig. 2 and consists of the following components:(1) Filter HoldersThe primary (front) filter holder shal
24、lbe aluminum or PTFE.6The backup (rear) filter holder may bemade of materials such as polycarbonate.7With such plasticmaterials, it is recommended not to use solvents when cleaningthe filter holder parts. Mild soap and distilled water can be usedfor cleaning plastic filter holder parts. The two filt
25、er holdersshall be placed in series with the backup filter holder located 25to 100 mm (1 to 4 in.) downstream from the primary filterholder. The filter holders shall be capable of holding a filterwith 47 mm diameter. The holder design shall provide apositive seal against leakage from the outside or
26、around thefilters. The use of a porous glass or ceramic frit to support thefirst (front) filter is not allowed. Any type of filter support isallowed for the second (rear) filter.(2) Probe AssembliesProbe assemblies shall consist ofthe following components assembled to provide a leak-tightseal:(a) Fr
27、ont half of front filter holder as specified in 6.1.1.1(1).(b) ProbeThe probe shall be constructed from seamlessstainless steel (that is, AISI 316 or grade more corrosionresistant) 6.35 mm (14 in.) outside diameter (O.D.) and 0.30 to0.45 m (12 to 18 in.) in length, with a wall thickness such thatthe
28、 total weight of the probe and front filter housing can beweighed to an accuracy of 0.1 mg.6The Pall (Gelman) 1235 filter holder has been found suitable for this purpose.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will r
29、eceive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.7The Pall (Gelman) 1119 filter holder has been found suitable for this purpose.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comm
30、ents will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Particulate Sampling TrainE2515 112(3) Filters in accordance with 7.1.1.(4) Filter Gaskets.6.1.1.2 Filter Temperature Monitoring SystemA tempera-ture sensor capable of measuring wi
31、th an accuracy of 2.2C(4.0F) or 0.75 % of the reading, which ever is greater andmeeting the calibration requirements specified in 8.2. Thesensor shall be installed at the exit side of the front filter holderso that the sensing tip of the temperature sensor is in directcontact with the sample gas as
32、shown in Fig. 2.6.1.1.3 DryerAny system capable of removing waterfrom the sample gas to less than 1.5 % moisture (volumepercent) prior to the metering system. The system shall includea temperature sensor for demonstrating that sample gas tem-perature exiting the dryer is less than 27C (80F). See Fig
33、. 1for location of the dryer.6.1.1.4 Metering SystemThe metering system shall in-clude a vacuum gauge, leak-free pump, temperature sensorscapable of measuring with an accuracy of 2.2C (4.0F) or0.75 % of the reading, which ever is greater and meeting thecalibration requirements specified in 8.2, gas
34、metering systemcapable of measuring the total volume sampled to within 62 % of the measured value, and related equipment, as shown inFig. 1.6.1.2 BarometerMercury, aneroid, or other barometer ca-pable of measuring atmospheric pressure with an accuracy of62.5 mm Hg (0.1 in.). Must meet calibration re
35、quirementsspecified in 8.3.NOTE 1The barometric pressure reading may be obtained from anearby National Weather Service station. In this case, the station value(which is the absolute barometric pressure) shall be requested and anadjustment for elevation differences between the weather station andsamp
36、ling point shall be made at a rate of minus 2.5 mm Hg (0.1 in.) per30 m (100 ft) elevation increase or plus 2.5 mm Hg (0.1 in) per 30 m (100ft) elevation decrease.6.1.3 Dilution Tunnel Gas Temperature MeasurementAtemperature sensor capable of measuring with an accuracy of2.2C (4.0F) or 0.75 % of the
37、 reading, which ever is greaterand meeting the calibration requirements specified in 8.2.6.1.4 Pitot TubeA standard Pitot tube designed accordingto the criteria given in 6.1.4.1 shall be used to measure flow inthe dilution tunnel. Pitot tubes will have an assumed Pitotcoefficient of 0.99 and be desi
38、gned according to these specifi-cations:6.1.4.1 Standard Pitot design (see Appendix X2 for anexample);6.1.4.2 Hemispherical, ellipsoidal, or conical tip;6.1.4.3 A minimum of six diameters straight run (basedupon D, the external diameter of the tube) between the tip andthe static pressure holes;6.1.4
39、.4 A minimum of eight diameters straight run betweenthe static pressure holes and the centerline of the external tube,following the 90 bend;6.1.4.5 Static pressure holes of equal size (approximately0.1 D), equally spaced in a piezometer ring configuration; and6.1.4.6 90 bend, with curved or mitered
40、junction.6.1.5 Differential Pressure GaugeAn inclined manometeror equivalent shall be readable to the nearest 0.127 mm (0.005in.) water for Dp values greater than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) water,and to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) water for Dp valuesless than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) water.6.1.6 Dilution Tun
41、nelThe dilution tunnel apparatus isshown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 and consists of the followingcomponents:6.1.6.1 HoodConstructed of steel. Hood shall be largeenough to capture all of the flue-gas flow exiting the top of theappliance chimney. The dilution tunnel hood shall be conicalwith a minimum diame
42、ter at the entrance of at least four timesthe tunnel diameter. The height of the conical section shall beat least three tunnel diameters. A skirt can be used around theinlet to the conical section to insure capture of the flue-gasexhaust as shown in 9.2.4 as long as the requirements of 9.2.3are met.
43、 The outlet of the conical section shall be sized to matewith the mixing section of the dilution tunnel. (See Fig. 3 andFig. 4.)6.1.6.2 90 ElbowsSteel 90 elbows should be used forconnecting mixing section, the sampling section, and theoptional damper assembly. There shall be at least two 90elbows up
44、stream of the sampling section. (See Fig. 3 and Fig.FIG. 2 Filter Holder AssemblyE2515 1134.) The last elbow before the sampling section begins shall beof the same diameter as the sampling section straight ducting.6.1.6.3 Straight DuctStraight sections of steel ductingshall be used to construct both
45、 the mixing section and samplingsection of the dilution tunnel apparatus. The mixing section isconsidered to be the ducting that is upstream of the last elbowbefore the sampling section begins. The mixing section andsampling section may be different diameters, but the samplingsection shall have a co
46、nsistent diameter over the its full length.(See Fig. 4.) Two velocity traverse ports shall be located atleast eight tunnel diameters downstream of the last flowdisturbance (for example, a 90 elbow) and positioned at 90 toeach other in the dilution tunnel sampling section. Thesevelocity traverse poin
47、ts shall be of sufficient size to allow entryof the standard Pitot tube but shall not exceed 12.7 mm (0.5 in.)diameter. Two particulate sample extraction ports shall belocated at least four tunnel diameters downstream of thevelocity traverse ports and at least two tunnel diametersupstream from the n
48、ext downstream flow disturbance. Thesesample extraction ports shall be of sufficient size to allow entryof the sampling probes. The total length of duct from the centerof the outlet of the hood to the sampling ports shall not exceed9.1 m (30 ft). (See Fig. 3.)6.1.6.4 BlowerSquirrel cage or other typ
49、e of fan capableof gathering and moving all flue-gases and entrained dilutionair from the dilution tunnel extraction hood to the dilutionFIG. 3 Steel-Constructed Dilution Tunnel ApparatusFIG. 4 Mixing Section and Sampling Section with Different DiametersE2515 114tunnel exhaust having sufficient flow to maintain dilution ratespecifications in Section 9. (See 9.2.)6.1.7 Test Facility Temperature MonitorA thermocouplecapable of measuring with an accuracy of 2.2C (4.0F) or0.75 % of the reading, which ever is greater, located centrallyin
