1、Designation: E2542 08 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forPortable Water Heaters Used at Personnel DecontaminationStations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2542; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification is used to standardize the portablewater heaters used on personnel decontaminatio
3、n lines toinsure the heaters provide sufficient heated water for as long asthey are needed during the emergency.NOTE 1These heaters are not intended to be used for the decontami-nation for any other surface or material. Also, these heaters are intendedto be portable and easy to use by first responde
4、rs during a chemical,biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) event.1.2 This specification contains a specification section and atest methods section so users need to refer to the sectionapplicable to their needs when using this standard specifica-tion.1.3 The values stated in SI uni
5、ts are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.NOTE 2The U.S. first responder personnel using the equipmentmanufactured under this standard are not likely to be familiar with SI unitsso English units need to be included as part of the system documentationan
6、d shown on control panels for any equipment sold to U.S. organizations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine th
7、e applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3195 Practice for Rotameter CalibrationE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves2.2 ASME Standards:3Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeMFC-3M Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Usin
8、gOrifice, Nozzle, and Venturi2.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPA 70 National Electrical Code2.4 NIST Standard:5Recommended Practice Guide Special Publication 960-12 Stopwatch and Timer Calibrations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 decontamination, nprocess of reducing or eliminat-ing the hazards associated wi
9、th chemical, biological, or radio-logical contamination.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe means of decontaminatingpersonnel, equipment, or areas include absorption,neutralization, weathering, and physical removal of the con-taminant and hazards associated with nuclear, biological, orchemical (NBC) agents.4. Cla
10、ssification4.1 There will be no attempt to classify into categories thedifferent types of portable water heaters that can fall under thisspecification since this specification will only address theminimum requirements these heaters must satisfy.5. Ordering Information5.1 Personnel ordering portable
11、water heaters using thisspecification as a basis for their order should be aware that thisspecification is the minimum requirement for these types ofdevices and any needs beyond these minimum requirementsshall be stated in the request for quote.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
12、ommittee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.03 on Decontamination.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2542 08. DOI:10.1520/E2542-08R14.2For referenced
13、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternat
14、ional Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.5Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, G
15、aithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The hot water tanks of the portable water heaterspurchased under this specification shall conform to the re
16、quire-ments of the current version of the ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 The heater materials of construction shall be easilycleaned of surface mud and grime with no degradation of theunits ability to perform its function.7.2 The preferred fuels for the heater sectio
17、n of the portablewater heater are diesel fuel, gasoline, or bottled propane gas. Ifelectricity is used, the circuit shall be no more than 120 V, 30A, single phase, and shall conform to NFPA 70 for outdoorusage.8. Performance Requirements8.1 Using the input flows shown in Table 1, a continuousflow (2
18、5 to 60 L/min 6.6 to 15.9 gal/min) of warm water(between 13 and 27C 55 and 80F) is provided at a pressurebetween 275 and 620 kPa (40 and 90 lb/in.2) at each of theinput conditions.8.2 Be capable of providing a warm water flow within thetemperature range specified in 8.1 within 2 min of beingsupplied
19、 2C (36F) feed water.8.2.1 Use 4-cm (1.5-in.) National Pipe Thread connectors(preferably female) to receive the input water and discharge theoutlet water. The input lines shall be filtered using anASTM 18sieve. The sieve shall be certified under Specification E11 toremove solid debris particles that
20、 might damage the equipmentor injure the personnel undergoing the decontaminationshower.NOTE 3As specified, the inlet filter is not intended to protect againstchemical and biological warfare agents. The sole intended purpose of theinlet filter is to protect the water heater device from debris that m
21、ay beattracted to it because of the suction of the inlet.9. Other Requirements9.1 Contain sufficient hoses as part of the unit packaging toconnect to a water source up to 15.24 m (50 ft) distant andprovide warm water to a shower up to 7.62 m (25 ft) from theunit.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible
22、 Variations10.1 The unit shall be man-transportable by not more thanfour first responders carrying the assembled unit and not weighmore than 91 kg (200 lb) not including the fuel and hoses.TEST METHODS11. Scope11.1 These test methods shall be used to insure portablewater heaters comply with the requ
23、irements of this specifica-tion.12. Significance and Use12.1 The use of these acceptance tests will insure thatorganizations buying portable heaters will be assured theheaters meet certain performance requirements.13. Hazards13.1 Personnel using this portable water heater should takeprecautions agai
24、nst normal industrial hazards, such as fire andtemperature hazards or accumulation of exhaust. They shallalso comply with all other manufacturers warnings whenusing the equipment.14. Procedure14.1 Measurement of the Water Heater Units Water FlowThe water heater units water flow shall be measured, an
25、drecorded, using one of the methods specified in the following:14.1.1 Rotameter Test Method:14.1.1.1 The testing facility shall obtain a water flow meter(certified to Practice D3195) with a current calibration in the 10to 70-L/min flow regime for the units warm water side outlet.Additionally, a wate
26、r flow meter calibrated to 25 to 100 L/minshall be obtained for the water heaters input line.14.1.1.2 Install the flow meters as specified by the manu-facturers instructions on the cold water inlet side and the warmwater outlet of the heater unit.14.1.1.3 Begin operation of the water heater unit in
27、accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions.14.1.1.4 Allow 2 min to pass as measured by a stopwatchcalibrated following the NIST Recommended Practice GuideSpecial Publication 960-12 procedures.14.1.1.5 Record the flow rate of the warm water as detectedby the flow meters, perform follow-on record
28、ings either usingan automated continuous recording device (with physicalchecks of the device being performed hourly to insure contin-ued operation of the water heater unit within the specifiedparameters), or manually recording the flow rate on an hourlybasis.14.1.1.6 Maintain operation of the water
29、heater unit for aminimum of 12 h to insure the water heater unit can continu-ously supply warm water at this rate. Water used by the devicemay be recycled for use by the water heater unit as long as thewater is the same temperature as the makeup feed water.14.1.2 ASME Test Method:14.1.2.1 Set up and
30、 operate the test apparatus using theprocedures specified in ASME Standard MFC-3M.14.1.2.2 Begin operation of the water heater unit in accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions.14.1.2.3 Allow 2 min to pass, as measured by a stopwatchcalibrated following the NIST Recommended Practice GuideSpeci
31、al Publication 960-12 procedures.14.1.2.4 Record the flow rate of the warm water as detectedby the flow meter(s), perform follow-on recordings either usingTABLE 1 Range of Input Water FlowsInlet Water Pressure, kPa (lb/in.2) Source Water Flow, L/min(gal/min)345 (50) 95 (25)552 (80) 95 (25)690 (100)
32、95 (25)E2542 08 (2014)2an automated continuous recording device (with physicalchecks of the device being performed hourly to insure contin-ued operation of the water heater unit), or manually recordingthe flow rate on an hourly basis.14.1.2.5 Maintain operation of the water heater unit for aminimum
33、of 12 h to insure the unit can continuously supplywarm water at this rate. Water used by the device may berecycled for use by the water heater unit as long as the wateris the same temperature as the makeup feed water.14.2 Measurement of the Water Heater Units Cold WaterInlet and Warm Water Output Te
34、mperatures:14.2.1 The testing facility shall obtain water temperaturesbased onASTM Manual MNL126using a measurement devicethat has been calibrated to be accurate in the 0 to 35C rangefor the units warm water side outlet. Additionally, a measure-ment device that has been calibrated to be accurate in
35、the 0 to35C range shall be obtained to measure the inlet temperature.14.2.2 Install the temperature meters as specified by themanufacturers instructions on the water inlet and outlet of thewater heater unit. The temperature meters on the outlet side ofthe water heater unit shall be placed at the end
36、 of the outlethose, at least 7.62 m from the unit. At a minimum, the outlethose shall be tested at ambient air temperatures of 20 and+35C.14.2.3 Begin operation of the water heater unit in accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions.14.2.4 Allow 2 min to pass, as measured by a calibratedstopwatc
37、h calibrated following the NIST Recommended Prac-tice Guide Special Publication 960-12 procedures. Record thetemperature of the inlet water and the outlet water as detectedby the temperature meters, perform follow-on recordings eitherusing an automated continuous recording device (with physicalcheck
38、s of the device being performed hourly to insure contin-ued operation of the water heater unit), or manually recordingthe temperatures on an hourly basis. At a minimum, the waterheater shall be tested at an inlet water temperature of 2C.14.2.5 Maintain operation of the water heater unit for aminimum
39、 of 12 h to insure the water heater unit can continu-ously supply warm water at the required temperature. Waterused by the device may be recycled for use by the water heaterunit after the water has cooled to the same temperature as theinitial feed water.14.3 Measurement of the Water Heater Units Wat
40、er Supplyand Outlet PressuresThe water pressure supplied to anddelivered from by the heater unit shall be measured accordingto the requirements of ASME PTC 19.2.715. Precision and Bias15.1 The precision and bias from the referenced standardsshall apply to the measurements required by this specificat
41、ion.16. Rejection and Rehearing16.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected.17. Certification17.1 At a minimum, the performance of the unit at the waterflow conditions given in Table 1 shall be permanently attachedto the water heater unit using a metal
42、 plate.Additionally, whenspecified in the purchase order or contract, the purchaser shallbe furnished certification stating that the device is in confor-mance with this specification. When specified in the purchaseorder or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished.Test reports may be
43、 transmitted to the purchaser by electronicservices. The content of the electronically transmitted docu-ment shall conform to any existing agreement between thepurchaser and the seller.18. Product Marking18.1 The water heater units shall be marked in any fashionthat adequately identifies the device,
44、 any applicable usagewarnings, and adherence to the requirements of this specifica-tion. Additional markings may be required by the purchaser inthe purchase order or contract.19. Packaging and Package Marking19.1 The packaging may be marked in any fashion thatadequately identifies the package conten
45、ts, any applicableusage warnings, and adherence to the requirements of thisspecification. Additional markings may be required by thepurchaser in the purchase order or contract.20. Keywords20.1 decontamination; shower; warm waterASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pate
46、nt rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision
47、at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comme
48、nts will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted
49、 by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).6Manual on the use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement, FourthEdition, MNL 12, ASTM
