1、Designation: E 2619 08Standard Practice forMeasuring and Calculating Building Loss Features ThatTake Up Floor Area in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2619; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice specifies how to measure certain charac-teristics of a building, known as building loss
3、 features, insidethe exterior gross area of a floor and how to calculate theamount of actual and effective floor area that will be not beavailable for the placement of peoples workplaces, furniture,equipment, or for circulation, if using standard furnishings andorthogonal furniture systems.1.2 This
4、practice can be used to specify a performancerequirement to limit the amount of floor area that may be takenup by building loss features.1.3 This practice can be used to assess how well a design(s)for an office facility meets a performance requirement regard-ing floor area.1.4 This practice can be u
5、sed to assess how well a con-structed office building has met a performance requirementregarding floor area.1.5 This practice is not intended for and not suitable for usefor regulatory purposes, fire hazard assessment, and fire riskassessment.1.6 Users of this standard practice should recognize that
6、, insome situations, the amount of certain actual and effective floorarea losses may be mitigated to some degree at some cost bycustom-tailoring spaces and creating specially fitted furnish-ings and carpentry to get some value from space which wouldnot otherwise be usable.1.7 This standard does not
7、purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
8、2E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI/BOMA Z65.196 Standard Method for MeasuringFloor Area in Office Buildings2.3 Other Standards:4ASHRAE 6207 Compliant Ventilation System3. Terminology53.1 Definitions:3.1.1 facility, na physical setting used to serve a specificpurpose.
9、3.1.1.1 DiscussionA facility may be within a building, awhole building, or a building with its site and surroundingenvironment; or it may be a construction that is not a building.The term encompasses both the physical object and its use.E 6313.1.2 For standard definitions of additional terms applica
10、bleto this practice, see Terminology E 631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 actual loss, nof floor area, floor area not availablefor the placement of peoples workplaces, furniture, or equip-ment or for circulation because occupied by a physical buildingfeature or required by
11、law or regulation.3.2.2 building loss factor, nin a facility, expressed as apercentage of a facilitys exterior gross area, the space notactually or effectively available for planning because of build-ing configuration.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIt is the floor area percentage that mustbe used for excess circ
12、ulation, oversize footprints, “deadspace,” or encroachments because of floorplate configuration.3.2.3 building loss feature, nelement of a building, oraspect of its design, inside the exterior gross area, that cost1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buil
13、dings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 onWhole Buildings and Facilities.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published June 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
14、Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditionin
15、g Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.5Certain definitions of terms in this standard were agreed in 2007 by a WorkingGroup established jointly by the Building Owners and Managers Association(BOMA) International and the International Facility Manag
16、ement Association(IFMA). Certain terms were derived from referenced ASTM standards or fromreferenced ANSI standard, or from published IFMA documents. Ownership ofcopyright to specific terms is indicated by footnotes. Certain terms are quoted fromother ASTM standards, in which case the ASTM source is
17、 identified at the end ofthe definition.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.floor area which could otherwise be used for the placement ofpeoples workplaces, furniture, or equipment or for circulation.3.2.4 dominant portio
18、n, nthe inside surface of the outsidewall. ANSI/BOMA Z65.19663.2.5 effective loss, of floor area, nfloor area not availablefor the placement of peoples workplaces, furniture, or equip-ment or for circulation because of configuration of buildingelements or legally binding document.3.2.5.1 DiscussionO
19、ccurs typically if using standard ormanufactured furnishings or orthogonal furniture system(s) ina floorplate with a non-orthogonal configuration, but thissometimes may be partially mitigated by using specially-builtor built-in furnishings. An example of a legally bindingdocument is a requirement in
20、 a lease.3.2.6 exterior gross area, nthe area of the floor measuredto the outside face of the walls that enclose the floor(s) of thebuilding.3.2.6.1 DiscussionAreas which are not enclosed, such aspatios and balconies, are not part of exterior gross area.Cornices, pilasters, buttresses, and so forth
21、that extend beyondthe wall face are disregarded. The exterior gross area of abasement space includes the area measured to the outside faceof basement or foundation walls. A balcony that is not fullyenclosed, whether or not it extends beyond the line of theoutside wall face, is not included in the ex
22、terior gross area.3.2.7 floor area, narea in the horizontal plane of thebottom level of a story or stories in a building.3.2.8 floorplate, nentire floor of a building, thought of asa solid plane with specific shape and dimensions.3.2.9 interior encroachment, nbase building element thatis located ins
23、ide a building, not on an outer wall, and preventsthe use of the floor area for furniture, equipment, circulation, orother occupant function.73.2.9.1 DiscussionExamples include but are not limitedto: pilaster, convector, baseboard heating unit, radiator.3.2.10 interior gross area, nportion of the fl
24、oor(s) that istotally enclosed within the dominant portion.73.2.11 occupied zone, nregion within an occupied spacebetween planes 3 and 72 in. (75 and 1800 mm) above the floorand more than 2 ft (600 mm) from the walls or fixedair-conditioning equipment (see ASHRAE 6207).3.2.12 orthogonal, nrelating t
25、o or composed of rightangles.3.2.13 perimeter encroachment, nbase building elementor restricted area that is located inside the dominant portion ofa building on the outer wall and that prevents the use of thefloor area for furniture, equipment, circulation, or other occu-pant function.73.2.13.1 Disc
26、ussionExamples are windowsills inside thedominant portion, pilasters, and columns attached to theoutside walls and convectors.3.2.14 plannable area, nplannable gross area less the areataken up by major vertical penetrations, void areas, serviceareas, and either primary circulation on an occupied or
27、plannedfloor or base building circulation on an empty floor.3.2.15 plannable gross area, nportion of a floor that istotally enclosed within the interior face of perimeter encroach-ments at the floor plane and where there are no perimeterencroachments enclosed at the inside finished surface of theext
28、erior walls.83.2.15.1 DiscussionPlannable gross area typically ex-cludes perimeter encroachments that prevent the placement ofthe occupants furniture and equipment.3.2.16 planning grid, ngrid to which building elementssuch as the ceiling, the partitions, and the columns are aligned.3.2.17 primary ci
29、rculation, nminimum path on a floor foraccess to egress stairs, elevator lobbies, toilet rooms, refugeareas, building lobbies, and entrances.73.2.18 standard space module, nunit of floor area withdimensions set as standard for a category of offices or work-stations.4. Significance and Use4.1 Use thi
30、s standard to identify and measure the amount ofactual and effective floor area that will be unavailable tooccupants for the placement of peoples workplaces, furniture,and equipment or for circulation.4.2 This standard is not intended for use for regulatorypurposes, nor for fire hazard assessment, n
31、or for fire riskassessment.5. Basis of Practice5.1 Use this standard to specify a performance requirementto limit the amount of floor area that can be taken up bybuilding features inside the exterior gross area.5.2 Use this standard to assess how well a design(s) for anoffice facility meets such a p
32、erformance requirement.5.3 Use this standard to assess how well an existing officefacility has met a performance requirement.5.4 Use this standard to compare how well different build-ings or facilities meet a performance requirement. This stan-dard is applicable despite differences such as location,
33、 struc-ture, mechanical systems, age, and building shape.5.5 Use this standard to calculate the amount of variancefrom a performance target about floor area during design andconstruction phases.6. Procedure for Measurement and Calculation6.1 This standard practice uses imperial units to measurefloor
34、 area. Other measurement units can be used to measurefloor area.6.2 For each building element or aspect of design, measurethe actual loss of floor area and the effective loss using themethod and measurement sequence in this standard.6In the 1996 edition, which is copyright by BOMA, the dominant port
35、ion isdefined as the inside face of the portion of the wall which is window glass where itis more than 50% of the vertical distance from finished floor to finished ceiling, andelsewhere is the inside face of the outside wall, or of a pilaster or column attachedto the outside wall where they occur. N
36、ote that the reader is cautioned thatANSI/BOMA Z65.196 is developed by and subject to the authority of BOMAInternational, which may change it from time to time at its sole option. It is notdefined as a part of this ASTM standard.7ASTM International copyright is shared with BOMA International.8New te
37、rm for which copyright is shared by ASTM International and BOMAInternational.E26190826.3 Location of the Dominant Portion:6.3.1 Determine the location(s) of the Dominant Portion ofthe inside face of the exterior walls, as defined inANSI/BOMAZ65.196.6.4 Exterior WallsSize, Shape, and Dimensions:6.4.1
38、 Buildings vary in their capacity to accommodatedifferent sizes and categories of occupants without excessivewaste of floor area, while maintaining other levels of service.6.4.2 The geometry of a buildings typical floors (forexample, shape and dimensions formed by the exterior build-ing walls and di
39、mensions of its grid) will affect how muchspace will be lost because it cannot be subdivided into roomsor workstations.6.4.3 If designs for the geometry and building grid dimen-sions do not take this into account, then the amount of floorarea available for planning and fitup may be substantiallyredu
40、ced.6.4.4 Irregular exterior walls, non-orthogonal exterior walls,and the dimensions of the space can severely limit and evendictate the nature of the fitup on a floor.6.5 Exterior Wall and Its Relation to the Ceiling Grid:6.5.1 The example shown in Fig. 1 shows a condition inwhich there is no effec
41、tive loss due to either the design of thefloorplate, the resulting dimensions formed by the buildingsexterior building walls and dimensions of the ceiling grid.6.5.2 In this example, the ceiling grid line is located 2 in.(for example, one-half the thickness of a partition wall) insidethe exterior wa
42、ll and a result there is no actual or effective lossfor this feature.6.5.3 In contrast to Fig. 1, the location of the ceiling grids inFigs. 2 and 3 have slightly different alignments and demon-strates how effective loss has been introduced into the design.6.5.4 If the Condition IsThe ceiling grid is
43、 at the interiorface of the exterior wall or some distance from the interior faceof the exterior wall, then there is effective loss of floor area forpeople, furniture, and equipment, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.6.5.5 Then the Measurement Rule IsMeasure the effectiveloss from the finished surface of th
44、e interior face of the exteriorwall to the next ceiling grid. (Refer to Figs. 2 and 3.) Thehatched areas in each of these figures indicate the effective loss,which is the amount of extra floor area that will be required toalign the office wall with the first ceiling grid. Sum themeasurements to dete
45、rmine the effective loss for this feature.6.6 Exterior Wall That Deviates from the Orthogonal:6.6.1 If the Condition IsThe exterior wall(s) deviatesfrom the orthogonal and reduces the proportion of floor areaavailable for planning and fitup.6.6.2 When an enclosed office is next to a non-orthogonal,o
46、r irregular, wall the actual floor area that would be required tolayout the office would be larger than the area allowed for inthe programming document. The floor area in excess of theallowed area is effective loss, as indicated by the hatched areain Figs. 4 and 5.6.6.3 The same situation occurs whe
47、n an open workstationis next to non-orthogonal wall. In Fig. 4, the exterior wallFIG. 1 No Actual or Effective Loss Due to Exterior Wall and ItsRelation to Ceiling GridFIG. 2 Effective Loss Due to Alignment of Ceiling Grid at Face ofExterior WallFIG. 3 Effective Loss Due to Ceiling Grid Not Being Al
48、igned atFace of Exterior WallE2619083deviates from the orthogonal and creates effective loss asindicated by the hatched area.6.6.4 Then the Measurement Rule IsMeasure the areabetween the interior face of the exterior wall and the firstplanning grid line at which a complete open workstationmodule or
49、enclosed office module can be placed. Sum themeasurements to determine the effective loss.6.7 Perimeter Encroachments:6.7.1 The size, shape, and location of perimeter encroach-ments at the exterior wall can reduce the density and efficiency,or both, of floor area usage on a floorplate.6.7.2 Perimeter encroachments in the form of convectorheaters or cooling units usually occur under the windows.While a projection may be very small (for example, a 3-in.protrusion into the interior) when it repeats around the outsideof a floor, the total fl
