1、Designation: E 2652 09An American National StandardStandard Test Method forBehavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with a Cone-shapedAirflow Stabilizer, at 750C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers the determi-nation under
3、specified laboratory conditions of combustioncharacteristics of building materials. It does not apply tolaminated or coated materials.1.2 This test method references notes and footnotes thatprovide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be
4、 considered asrequirements of this test method.1.3 Limitations of the test method are discussed in 1.1 andAnnex A1.1.4 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 T
5、his standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire condit
6、ions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referen
7、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE 176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 1182 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products Non-combustibility TestISO 13943 Fire Safety VocabularyISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (t
8、rueness and precision) ofMeasured Methods and Results Part 2: Basic Method forthe Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility ofa Standard Measurement Method2.3 Other Standards:4IMO Fire Test Procedures Code3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms found in this testmethod, refer
9、to Terminology E 176 and ISO 13943. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Terminology E 176 shallprevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 homogeneous product, na product with nominallyuniform density and composition.3.2.2 non-homogeneous product, na product that does n
10、otsatisfy the requirements of a homogeneous product.3.2.2.1 DiscussionNon-homogeneous products are oftencomposed of more than one component.3.2.3 substantial component, na material that constitutesa significant part of a non-homogeneous product that consistsof more than one component.3.2.3.1 Discuss
11、ionA layer with a weight/unit area largerthan 1.0 kg/m2(0.2 lb/ft2) or a thickness larger than 1 mm (0.04in.) is often considered to be a substantial component. A layerwith a weight per unit area smaller than 1.0 kg/m2(0.2 lb/ft2)and a thickness less than 1 mm (0.04 in.) is not considered tobe a sub
12、stantial component.3.2.4 sustained flaming (for testing at 750C), nsustainedflaming for testing at 750C (1382F) is the persistence of aflame on or over any part of the visible part of the test specimenlasting5sorlonger.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandard
13、s and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.23 on Combustibil-ity.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published August 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
14、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Maritime Origanization, 55 Victoria St., London,SWIH0EU, United Ki
15、ngdom, http:/www.imo.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a furnace to expose homogeneousproducts or substantial components of non homogeneousproducts for at least 30
16、min to a temperature of 750C(1382F).4.2 The furnace consists of an enclosed refractory tubesurrounded by a heating coil with a cone-shaped airflowstabilizer.4.3 Thermocouples are used to assess the temperature in-creases resulting from combustion of the product.4.4 Weight loss and flaming combustion
17、 of the product isalso assessed.5. Significance and Use5.1 While actual building fire exposure conditions are notduplicated, this test method will assist in indicating thosematerials which do not act to aid combustion or add appre-ciable heat to an ambient fire.5.2 This test method does not apply to
18、 laminated or coatedmaterials.5.3 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.6. Test Apparatus6.1 General:6.1.1 The apparatus shall consist of a refractory tube furnaceinsulated and surrounded by a heating coil. A cone-shapedairflow stabilizer shall be attached to the base of the furnace
19、and a draft shield to its top. Details are shown in Fig. 1.6.1.2 Thermocouples shall be provided for measuring thefurnace temperature and the furnace wall temperature. Op-tional additional thermocouples shall be used if the specimensurface temperature and the specimen center temperature arerequired.
20、6.1.3 A thermal sensor shall be used to measure the furnacetemperature along its central axis.6.1.4 Unless stated otherwise, all dimensions shall have a5 % tolerance.6.2 Test Furnace:6.2.1 The test furnace shall consist primarily of the follow-ing.6.2.2 The furnace tube shall be constructed of a ref
21、ractorymaterial, as specified in Table 1, of density 2800 6 300kg/m3(175 6 19 lb/ft3).6.2.3 The furnace shall be 150 6 1 mm (5.9 6 0.04 in.) highwith an internal diameter of 75 6 1 mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.) anda wall thickness of 10 6 1 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.).6.2.4 The furnace tube shall be surrounded by an
22、annularspace of the following dimensions: 150 mm (5.9 6 0.04 in.)high and of 10 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.) wall thickness.6.2.4.1 The annular space shall be fitted with top and bottomplates, recessed internally to locate the ends of the furnacetube.6.2.4.2 The annular space shall be insulated with a 25 mm(
23、1 in.) mm layer of an insulating material having a thermalconductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperature of 20C (68F).Magnesium oxide powder of a nominal bulk density of 170 630 kg/m3(10.6 6 1.9 lb/ft3) is a suitable material for this use.6.2.5 The furna
24、ce tube shall be provided with a singlewinding of 80/20 nickel/chromium electrical resistance tape,3mm6 0.1 mm (0.12 6 4/1000 in.) wide and 0.2 6 0.01 mm(8/1000 6 0.4/1000 in.) thick.6.2.5.1 Wind the electrical resistance tape as specified inFig. 2.6.2.5.2 Cut grooves into the furnace tube so as to
25、allowaccurate winding of the electrical tape.6.2.6 An open-ended cone-shaped air-flow stabilizer shallbe attached to the underside of the furnace.6.2.6.1 The air-flow stabilizer shall be 500 mm (19.7 in.)long and shall be reduced uniformly from an internal diameterof 75 6 1mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.) at the
26、 top to an internal diameterof 10.0 6 0.5 mm (0.4 6 0.4 in.) at the bottom.6.2.6.2 The air flow stabilizer shall be manufactured from1 mm thick sheet steel, with a smooth finish on the inside. Thejoint between the air flow stabilizer and the furnace shall havean airtight fit, with an internal smooth
27、 finish.6.2.6.3 The upper half of the air flow stabilizer shall beinsulated with a 25 mm (1 in.) layer of an insulating materialhaving a thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K)(0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperatureof 20C (68F). Mineral fiber insulating material with anominal t
28、hermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K)(0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperature of20C (68F) is a suitable material for this use.6.2.7 A draft shield, constructed of the same material as theair flow stabilizer, shall be provided at the top of the furnace.It shall be 50 mm (2 in.)
29、high and have an internal diameter of75 6 1 mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.)6.2.7.1 The draft shield and its joint with the top of thefurnace shall have smooth internal finish.6.2.7.2 The exterior shall be insulated with a 25 mm (1 in.)layer of an insulating material having a thermal conductivity of0.04 6 0.01 W
30、/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F)at a mean temperature of 20C (68F). Mineral fiber insulatingmaterial with a nominal thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a meantemperature of 20C (68F) is a suitable material for this use.6.2.8 The assembly, consi
31、sting of the furnace, air flowstabilizer cone and draft shield, shall be mounted on a firmhorizontal stand, with a base and draft screen attached to thestand, to reduce drafts around the bottom of the stabilizer cone.The draft screen shall be 550 mm (21.7 in.) high and thebottom of the air flow stab
32、ilizer cone shall be located 250 mm(9.8 in.) above the base plate.6.3 Test Specimen Holder and Insertion Device:6.3.1 The test specimen holder shall be made of nickel/chromium or of an alternate heat-resisting steel wire. A fineTABLE 1 Furnace Tube Refractory Material for ApparatusMaterialCompositio
33、n% (kg/kg mass)Alumina (Al2O3) 89Silica and alumina (SiO2,Al2O3) 98Ferric oxide (Fe2O) 0,45Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 0,25Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) 0,1Other trace oxides (sodium, potassium,calcium and magnesium oxides)The balanceE2652092metal gauze tray of heat-resisting steel shall be placed in thebotto
34、m of the holder. The weight of the holder shall be 15 6 2g (0.53 6 0.07 oz).6.3.2 The test specimen holder shall be capable of beingsuspended from the lower end of a stainless steel tube with a 6mm (14 in.) outside diameter anda4mm(0.15 in.) bore, asshown in Fig. 3.6.3.3 The test specimen holder sha
35、ll be provided with asuitable insertion device for lowering it down the axis of thefurnace tube without shock, so that the geometric center of thespecimen during the test is located at the geometric center ofthe furnace, with a 63mm(618 in.) tolerance. The insertiondevice shall consist of a metallic
36、 sliding rod moving freelywithin a vertical guide fitted to the side of the furnace.6.3.4 The test specimen holder for loose fill materials shallbe cylindrical and shall have the same inner dimensions as theouter dimensions of the test specimen. It shall be made of finemetal wire gauze, constructed
37、of heat resisting steel similar tothe wire gauze used at the bottom of the test specimen holderspecified in 6.3.1. The specimen holder shall have an open endat the top. The weight of the holder shall not exceed 30 g (1.06oz).6.4 Thermocouples:6.4.1 Thermocouples shall have a wire diameter of 0.3 mm(
38、0.01 in.) and an outer diameter of 1.5 mm (0.06 in.). The hotjunction shall be insulated and not earthed. The thermocouplesshall be of either type K or type N. The thermocoupleinsulating material shall be either stainless steel or a nickelbased alloy.6.4.2 All new thermocouples shall be exposed to a
39、 Bunsenburner yellow flame for not less than 60 s before use.FIG. 1 Test ApparatusKey to numbers in Fig. 11 Stand 7 Heat resisting steel rod for insertion device 13 External insulating wall2 Insulation 8 Stop 14 Mineral fiber cement3 Magnesium oxide powder 9 Specimen thermocouples (optional) 15 Seal
40、4 Furnace tube 10 Stainless steel tube 16 Stabilizer cone5 Heating coils 11 Specimen holder 17 Draft screen (metal sheet)6 Draft shield 12 Furnace thermocoupleE2652093NOTE 1This will reduce thermocouple reflectivity.6.4.3 The furnace thermocouple shall be located with its hotjunction 10.0 6 0.5 mm (
41、0.4 6 0.04 in.) from the tube wall andat a height corresponding to the geometric center of the furnacetube. A locating guide is a useful tool to set the position of thethermocouple. The correct position shall be maintained withthe help of a guide attached to the draft shield.6.4.4 In addition to the
42、 thermocouple for the measurementof the furnace temperature, a similar thermocouple shall beprovided for measuring the furnace wall temperature duringcalibration.6.4.5 If required, thermocouples shall also be provided formeasurement of the temperature in the geometric center of thespecimen and on th
43、e surface of the specimen.6.4.6 Optional Test Specimen Center ThermocoupleTheoptional test specimen center thermocouple shall be positionedso that its hot junction is located at the geometric center of thetest specimen. This shall be achieved by drillinga2mm(0.08in.) diameter hole axially in the top
44、 of the test specimen.6.4.7 Optional Test Specimen Surface ThermocoupleTheoptional test specimen surface thermocouple shall be posi-tioned so that its hot junction is in contact with the testspecimen at mid-height of the test specimen at the start of thetest. It shall be located diametrically opposi
45、te the furnacethermocouple.6.5 Thermal SensorThe thermal sensor shall be con-structed of a thermocouple of the type specified in 6.4, brazedto a copper cylinder 10.0 6 0.2 mm (0.4 6 0.001 in.) indiameter and 15.0 6 0.2 mm (0.6 6 0.001 in.) high.6.6 MirrorTo facilitate observation of sustained flamin
46、gand for operator safety, it is advisable to provide a mirror abovethe apparatus, positioned so that it will not affect the test. AFIG. 2 Furnace Winding for Test ApparatusE2652094square mirror, 300 mm (11.8 in.) per side, at an angle of 30 tothe horizontal, and placed 1 m (1.1 yd) above the furnace
47、 hasbeen found suitable.6.7 BalanceA balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g (0.004oz) is required.6.8 Voltage StabilizerA single-phase automatic voltagestabilizer, with a rating of not less than 1.5 kVA, shall beprovided. It shall be capable of maintaining the accuracy of theoutput voltage within 61 % o
48、f the rated value, from zero to fullload.6.9 Variable TransformerA voltage transformer capableof handling at least 1.5 kVA and of regulating the voltageoutput from zero to a maximum value equal to that of the inputvoltage shall be provided. The voltage output shall varylinearly over the range.6.10 E
49、lectrical Input MonitorAn ammeter and a voltme-ter or wattmeter, shall be provided to enable rapid setting of thefurnace to approximately the operating temperature.6.11 Power ControllerA power controller shall be pro-vided for use as an alternative to the voltage stabilizer, variabletransformer and electrical input monitor specified above. Itshall be of the type which incorporates phase-angle firing andshall be linked to a thyristor unit capable of supplying 1.5 VA.The maximum voltage shall not be greater than 100 V and thecurrent l
