1、Designation: E2707 09E2707 14 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall AssembliesUsing a Direct Flame Impingement Exposure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2707; the number immediately following the designation indicates t
2、he year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes a met
3、hod to assess the fire performance of a vertically oriented specimen exposedto direct flame impingement in a simulated external fire exposure potentially encountered in a Wildland Urban Interfacescenario.This test method provides data suitable for comparing the performance of materials, which are us
4、ed as the exposed surfaces ofexterior walls in construction applications.NOTE 1This test method closely follows the test procedure of California Office of State Marshal (SFM) Method 12-7A-1.21.2 This test method measures the ability of the wall system to resist fire penetration from the exterior int
5、o the wall cavity orunexposed side of the test assembly under the conditions of exposure.1.3 This test method provides data suitable for comparing the performance of vertically oriented materials, products orassemblies in exterior construction applications. The test specimen shall be tested in thick
6、nesses and configurations representativeof actual end product or system uses.1.4 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.5.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.system of units to be used in referee decisions is the SI systemof units; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for
7、 further details. The units given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire
8、 risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
9、and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.8 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, by virtue by the use of hazardous materials, operations orequipment, and adequate is inherently hazardous.Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be
10、employed in conductingthese tests.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2898 Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire TestingD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base MaterialsD4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardiza
11、tion and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture MetersD6662 Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic Lumber Decking BoardsD7032 Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings for Wood-Plastic Composite Deck Boards and Guardrail Systems(Guards or Handrails)E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE2257 Tes
12、t Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and Assemblies1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.14 on External Fire Exposures.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009July 15, 2014. Published
13、 September 2009August 2014. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 asE270709. DOI: 10.1520/E2707-09.10.1520/E2707-14.2 2007 California Building Code, Chapter 7A SFM, Materials and Construction Methods for Exterior Wildfire Exposure, Exterior Wall Siding and Sheathing, SF
14、MStandard 12-7A-1.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and i
15、s intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the
16、 current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1IEEE/ASTM SI-10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI
17、): The Modern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this standard, see Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, thedefinitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific
18、to This Standard:3.2.1 orientation, nthe vertical plane in which the exposed face of the test specimen is located during testing.3.2.2 siding (cladding), nany material that constitutes the exposed exterior covering of an exterior wall and such material isapplied over sheathing or directly attached t
19、o the wall system.3.2.3 sheathing, nthe material placed on an exterior wall beneath cladding or siding and directly attached to the wall systemused over the wall framework and is attached directly to the wall framing members. Materials called sheathing that are not placedbeneath cladding or siding s
20、hall be classified as cladding or siding.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides for the direct flame exposure of a wall specimen to a flame source centered at the base of a 1220by 2440 mm (4 by 8 ft) test assembly.4.2 This test method employs a gas burner to produce a diffusion flame
21、 in contact with the test wall assembly.4.3 The gas burner produces a prescribed net rate of heat output of 150 kW (8535 BTU/min) for a period of 10 min, after whichthe flame exposure is terminated.4.4 The test method measures the ability of the wall system to resist fire penetration from the exteri
22、or to the unexposed sideof the test assembly under the conditions of exposure. Observations are made for the appearance of sustained flaming or glow onthe unexposed side or sustained glowing on the unexposed side, or both, at the end of a 60 min observation period.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test
23、 method described herein measures the ability of the exterior wall covering material or system to resist firepenetration from the exterior to the unexposed side of the wall assembly under the specified conditions of exposure.5.2 Representative joints and other characteristics of an assembly shall be
24、 included in a test specimen when these details arerepresentative of the construction of the end-use product(s).5.3 This test method is applicable to end-use product(s) not having an ideally planar external surface.5.4 The overall performance of the test specimen is visually documented by full-color
25、 photographic records. Video taping ofthe complete fire test is an acceptable alternative to the photographic record. The use of infrared photography of the unexposedside of the test wall can be used to reveal development of increasing temperatures or persisting hot spots.5.5 In this procedure, the
26、specimens are subjected to a specific set of laboratory fire test exposure conditions. If different testconditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, it is not known whether it is possible by use of thistest to predict changes in the performance characteristics measur
27、ed. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the fire testexposure conditions described in this procedure.6. Safety Precautions6.1 The test procedures involve high temperatures and combustion processes. Therefore, the potential exists for burns, ignitionof extraneous objects or clothing, a
28、nd for inhalation of combustion products.7. Apparatus7.1 Unless otherwise noted, dimensions in the following descriptions, shall be followed with a tolerance of 613 mm (0.5 in.).7.2 Wall Assembly Holding FixtureThe test specimen support assembly shown in Fig. 1 is designed to permit rapid installati
29、onand removal of wall assemblies, and to prevent edge penetration of fire at the margins of the wall assembly. It includes a sturdyframe assembly to hold the specimen and a simulated soffit that is non-combustible. The frame assembly permits a 1220 by 2440mm (4 by 8 ft) prefabricated wall section to
30、 be inserted from the rear and to seal in such a way that protects the edges from fire.Side shields are situated near the vertical edges and to within 304 mm (12 in.) of the top of the test wall assembly as shown inFig. 1 to aid in minimizing extraneous drafts to the surface of the assembly.4 Availa
31、ble from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.E2707 1427.3 Burner DetailsThe ignition source for the test shall be a gas diffusion burner with a nominal 100 mm wide by 1000 mmlong (4 in. wid
32、e by 39 in. long) porous top surface of a refractory material, as shown in Fig. 2. With the exception of top surfacedimensions, the essential configuration of the burner is comparable to the burner design described in Test Method E2257.FIG. 1 Test FixtureFIG. 2 Gas Burner Ignition SourceE2707 1437.4
33、 The burner enclosure shall be positioned so that it is centered relative to the width of the test wall. The distance from thebottom of the test specimen to the top surface of the burner shall be 300 6 50 mm (12 6 2 in.). The bottom of the test specimenshall be protected from burner fire exposure by
34、 the placement of a 1220 mm (4 ft) wide thermal barrier consisting of nominal 19mm (0.75 in.) cement board (or equivalent) between the burner enclosure and the test specimen. The burner enclosure shall be incontact with the protective barrier. The thermal barrier shall be positioned so that the top
35、edge extends 76 6 25 mm (3 6 1 in.)above the top edge of the burner, and fastened to the base of the wall in such a manner to prevent obstruction of the burner flamecaused by distortion away from the surface of the wall. Any gaps between the top edge of the thermal barrier and the test wallsurface s
36、hall be filled with ceramic wool, or equivalent, prior to the test.7.5 Natural gas, methane or propane shall be supplied to the burner through a metered control system. The gas supply to theburner shall produce a net heat output of 150 6 8 kW (8535 6 454 Btu/min) throughout the flame exposure.7.6 Th
37、e burner shall be ignited by a pilot burner or a remotely controlled spark igniter.8. Test Specimen8.1 Test specimens dimensions shall be 1220 mm (4 ft) wide by 2440 mm (8 ft) high. The test specimen shall be representativeof the end-use wall assembly except as specified in 8.3 and 8.4. The test spe
38、cimen shall be mounted in the steel frame holdingfixture assembly as shown in Fig. 1.8.2 The test specimen shall incorporate joint detail(s) representative of actual installation.8.3 For wall assemblies without internal cavity spaces, the entire wall assembly shall constitute the test specimen to be
39、 tested.The wall assembly shall be constructed in accordance with manufacturers specifications or building code requirements, or both,where applicable. Other components of the wall assembly, such as building felt and sheathing, are employed to conform to themanufacturers specifications or building c
40、odes, or both.8.4 For wall assemblies with internal cavity spaces, the materials on what would be considered the interior (unexposed) sideof the wall assembly shall be omitted from the test specimen. Materials such as insulation normally installed within the cavity spaceshall be omitted from the tes
41、t specimen. The wall assembly used as the test specimen shall include the structural support elementsand any sheathing, weather barrier and cladding attached to the exterior surface of the structural support elements.8.5 For wall assemblies composed of layered materials, such as sheathing, siding (c
42、ladding) and underlayment, the installationof such layered materials shall be in accordance with manufacturers instructions, or in the absence of such instructions, applicablebuilding code requirements. In the absence of manufacturers specifications, the wall assembly shall include the followingmini
43、mum components: nominal 2 by 4 studs spaced 410 mm (16 in.) on center, and the desired exterior siding material. If sheathingis used, tests shall be run on typical 7/16 in. oriented strandboard (OSB) of Exposure 1 rating.Where specified by the manufacturer,sheathing material and installation shall b
44、e in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. The sheathing shall have onevertical seam on a selected stud with a 3 mm (0.125 in.) gap. The type, thickness, and installation method of any sheathing shallbe included in the report.8.6 Protect the vertical and horizontal edges of the test specim
45、en with 12-mm ceramic wool blanket (or equivalent) to eliminatethe gap between the holder and the test specimen and prevent unwanted edge effects caused by heat transfer to the edges of thetest specimen through the sample holder.8.7 ReplicatesThree matched test specimen assemblies shall be tested.8.
46、8 Accelerated Aging/Weathering and Pre-test Conditioning of Test Material:8.8.1 When it is anticipated that a regulatory or other agency will require pre-test accelerated aging/weathering of the samples,the manufacturer shall have the option to conduct such weathering. Weathering shall be conducted
47、as specified by the regulatoryagency or applicable methods as specified for the product. The process shall evaluate the potential for the fire test responsecharacteristics as measured in this test method to deteriorate due to accelerated aging/weathering of the wall material. Details ofthe weatherin
48、g method used, or reference to a standard test method, shall be included in the report (see Appendix X2).8.8.2 Pieces of any hygroscopic materials from the same stock from which the test assembly was constructed shall be tackedto the assembly during construction in such a manner that they are easily
49、 removed. These pieces shall be conditioned with thecompleted assemblies.8.8.3 The completed test assemblies are to be stored indoors at temperatures not lower than 16C (60F) nor higher than 32C(90F) for the period of time necessary to cure the assembly components. Test assemblies are to be stored so that each will besurrounded by freely circulating air.8.8.4 Just before the test assembly is tested, the pieces of hygroscopic materials prepared in 8.8.2 shall be tested for moisturecontent (Note 2 and Note 3).NOTE 2Make the moisture determination on two sam
