ASTM E2714-2009e1 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Testing《蠕变疲劳试验的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: E2714 091Standard Test Method forCreep-Fatigue Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2714; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic
2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe term “stress range” was moved from Definitions Specific to this Standard, 3.4 to Definitions, 3.3 in December2011.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determinati
3、on of mechanicalproperties pertaining to creep-fatigue deformation or crackformation in nominally homogeneous materials, or both by theuse of test specimens subjected to uniaxial forces underisothermal conditions. It concerns fatigue testing at strain ratesor with cycles involving sufficiently long
4、hold times to beresponsible for the cyclic deformation response and cycles tocrack formation to be affected by creep (and oxidation). It isintended as a test method for fatigue testing performed insupport of such activities as materials research and develop-ment, mechanical design, process and quali
5、ty control, productperformance, and failure analysis. The cyclic conditions re-sponsible for creep-fatigue deformation and cracking vary withmaterial and with temperature for a given material.1.2 The use of this test method is limited to specimens anddoes not cover testing of full-scale components,
6、structures, orconsumer products.1.3 This test method is primarily aimed at providing thematerial properties required for assessment of defect-freeengineering structures containing features that are subject tocyclic loading at temperatures that are sufficiently high to causecreep deformation.1.4 This
7、 test method is applicable to the determination ofdeformation and crack formation or nucleation properties as aconsequence of either constant-amplitude strain-controlledtests or constant-amplitude force-controlled tests. It is primar-ily concerned with the testing of round bar test specimenssubjecte
8、d to uniaxial loading in either force or strain control.The focus of the procedure is on tests in which creep andfatigue deformation and damage is generated simultaneouslywithin a given cycle. It does not cover block cycle testing inwhich creep and fatigue damage is generated sequentially. Datathat
9、may be determined from creep-fatigue tests performedunder conditions in which creep-fatigue deformation anddamage is generated simultaneously include (a) cyclic stress-strain deformation response (b) cyclic creep (or relaxation)deformation response (c) cyclic hardening, cyclic softeningresponse (d)
10、cycles to formation of a single crack or multiplecracks in test specimens.NOTE 1A crack is believed to have formed when it has nucleated andpropagated in a specimen that was initially uncracked to a specific sizethat is detectable by a stated technique. For the purpose of this standard,the formation
11、 of a crack is evidenced by a measurable increase incompliance of the specimen or by a size detectable by potential droptechnique. Specific details of how to measure cycles to crack formationare described in 9.5.1.1.5 This test method is applicable to temperatures and strainrates for which the magni
12、tudes of time-dependent inelasticstrains (creep) are on the same order or larger than time-independent inelasticNOTE 2The term inelastic is used herein to refer to all nonelasticstrains. The term plastic is used herein to refer only to time dependant(that is, non-creep) component of inelastic strain
13、. A useful engineeringestimate of time-independent strain can be obtained when the strain rateexceeds some value. For example, a strain rate of 1310-3sec-1is oftenused for this purpose. This value should increase with increasing testmeasurement.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
14、standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
15、applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of MetallicMaterialsE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter Systems1This test meth
16、od is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigueand Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on CyclicDeformation and Fatigue Crack Formation.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. DOI:10.1520/E271409E01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
17、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E111 Test Method for Youngs Modulus, Tangent Modulus,and Chord ModulusE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and
18、Bias inASTM Test MethodsE220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison TechniquesE230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF) Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesE467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-namic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing SystemE60
19、6 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue TestingE647 Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue CrackGrowth RatesE1012 Practice for Verification of Test Frame and SpecimenAlignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial ForceApplicationE1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Test-ingE2368 Practi
20、ce for Strain Controlled ThermomechanicalFatigue Testing2.2 BSI Standards:3BS 7270: 2000 Method for Constant Amplitude StrainControlled Fatigue TestingBS 1041-4:1992 Temperature measurement Part 4: Guideto the selection and use of thermocouples2.3 CEN Standards:4EN 60584-11996 Thermocouples Referenc
21、e tables (IEC584-1)EN 60584 -2 1993 Thermocouples Tolerances (IEC584-2)PrEN 38741998 Test methods for metallic materials constant amplitude force-controlled low cycle fatiguetestingPrEN 39881998 Test methods for metallic materials constant amplitude strain-controlled low cycle fatiguetesting2.4 ISO
22、Standards:5ISO 121062003 Metallic materials Fatigue testing -Axial strain-controlled methodISO 121112005 (Draft) Strain-controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing methodISO 7500-12004 Metallic materials Verification of staticuniaxial testing machines Part 1. Tension/compressiontesting machines Ver
23、ification and calibration of the forcemeasuring systemISO 95131999 Metallic materials Calibration of exten-someters used in axial testingISO 57251994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of mea-surement methods2.5 JIS Standard:6JIS Z 22791992 Method of high temperature low cyclefatigue testing for meta
24、llic materials3. Terminology3.1 The definitions in this test method that are also includedin Terminology E1823 are in accordance with TerminologyE1823.3.2 Symbols, standard definitions, and definitions specific tothis standard are in 3.2.1, 3.3, and 3.4, respectively.3.2.1 Symbols:Symbol Termd L Dia
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