1、Designation:E2726/E2726M12 Designation: E2726/E2726M 12aStandard Test Method forEvaluating the Fire-Test-Response of Deck Structures toBurning Brands1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2726/E2726M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the fire-test-response characteristics of dec
3、k structures attached to or in close proximity toprimary structures. The burning brand exposures test is intended to determine the surface spread of flame and degradation modesof decking materials when exposed to a burning brand on the upper surface of a deck structure.1.2 The use of paints, coating
4、s, stains, or other surface treatments for fire protection purposes are beyond the scope of this testmethod. This test method excludes the use of paints, stains, or coatings for this fire-test-response determination.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded sepa
5、rately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of ma
6、terials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentl
7、y hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall beemployed in conducting these tests.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and h
8、ealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2898 Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire TestingD6662 Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic Lumber Decking BoardsD7032 Specif
9、ication for Establishing Performance Ratings for Wood-Plastic Composite Deck Boards and Guardrail Systems(Guards or Handrails)E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof CoveringsE176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 ICC Evaluatio
10、n Services, Inc.:3AC 109 Acceptance Criteria for Thermoplastic Composite Lumber ProductsAC 174 Acceptance Criteria for Deck Board Span Ratings and Guardrail Systems (Guards and Handrails)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Def
11、initions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 deck structure, nexterior structures comprised of deck boards or panels, stair treads, risers, and landings of decks,porches, and balconies.3.2.2 test material, nmembers that constitute the exposed surface of the deck structures.1This test method is
12、under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.14 on External Fire Exposures.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published January 2012. DOI:10.1520/E2726_E2726M12.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012.
13、Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E2726/E2726M12.DOI:10.1520/E2726_E2726M12A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to t
14、he standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from International Code Council Evaluation Service, 5600 Workman Mill Road, Whittier, CA.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made
15、to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyri
16、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to establish the test protocol for decking materials and systems. This test method is intendedto address a fire caused by exterior sourc
17、es that involves the upper surface of the deck or structure.4.2 This test is a practical assessment of fire-test-response characteristics under a prescribed fire loading. This test method isa variation of Test Method E108.5. Test Apparatus5.1 The essential elements of the fire test apparatus are ill
18、ustrated in Fig. 1. They include a test deck, an adjustable frame onwhich the test deck is mounted, a wind tunnel, an air velocity meter with or without the use of a timing device and an adjustableair supply. During the test:5.1.1 Provide free outlet to outside air beyond and above the test apparatu
19、s to exhaust air introduced into the test room by theblower, and5.1.2 Close all openings into the test room other than those mentioned in 5.1.1, such as doors and windows.5.2 The temperature of the air supplied by the blower shall be maintained between 10 and 32C 50 and 90F.5.3 Wind Tunnel (see Fig.
20、 1)The wind tunnel shall deliver 5.3 6 0.2 m/s 12 6 0.5 mph airflow at zero incline over the widthof the test specimen. Test Method E108 Burning Brand Roof Test apparatus shall be used, with the following modifications:5.3.1 Test Specimen SupportThe test specimen shall be supported horizontally with
21、 its leading edge 838.2 mm 33 in. fromthe front opening of the wind tunnel with the joists parallel to the airflow and resting on two transverse metal supports. The topsurfaces of these supports, which shall be no more than 76 mm 3 in. wide, are at the same height as the floor of the wind tunnel.5.3
22、.2 FragmentsBurning fragments shall be free to fall to the floor of the room.5.4 AnemometerA device for measuring airflow across the deck shall be provided.NOTE 1Any direct reading instrument with scale graduated in increments of not more than 6 m/min 20 ft/min or any timed instrument with scalegrad
23、uated (for a 1 min timed reading) in increments of not more than 1.5 m/min (5 ft/min) will be suitable.5.5 BurnerGas-fueled burner for brand ignition. The flame temperature of the igniting flame shall be 888 6 28C 1630 650F measured 59 mm 2516 in. above the top of the burner, which is shielded from
24、drafts.6. Test Specimens (see Fig. 2)6.1 The test specimen shall consist of joists as specified in 6.3 and test material as specified in 6.4.6.2 Test Specimen SizeThe overall size of the test specimen shall be nominally 610 by 710 mm 24 by 28 in. The overalltest specimen length (that is, direction o
25、f joists) shall be 710 6 51 mm 28 6 2 in. to accommodate variations in the test materialsindividual deck board width; the length of the test material shall be 610 6 4mm246316 in.6.3 JoistsThe test material shall be supported by two nominal 50 by 150 mm 2 by 6-in. joists running perpendicular to thet
26、est materials deck boards with a 406 6 4 mm 16 in. center-to-center spacing, creating a 90 6 4 mm 3.5 6 0.16 in. overhangon the outer side of each edge joist. Joist length shall meet the requirements specified in 6.2.6.4 Test Material:6.4.1 All test materials shall be representative of the as-manufa
27、ctured product including the cross sectional dimensions.6.4.2 Test material shall be sampled to meet the intended end-use of the test data.6.4.3 Prior to testing, all test material and joists shall be conditioned to a constant weight or for a minimum of 30 days at 216 2C 70 6 4F and 50 % RH 6 5 %, w
28、hichever comes first. Constant weight shall be defined as a change in test material weightless than or equal to2%ina24-h period.FIG. 1 Deck Structure Test Specimen and Test Apparatus (Burning-Brand)E2726/E2726M 12a26.4.4 Edge-to-edge spacing and method of attachment shall conform to the manufacturer
29、s installation recommendations. Thetest material shall be flush with the ends of the joists at the front of the test specimen (that is, the edge of the test specimen facingthe front opening of the wind tunnel). Test material at the back of the test specimen (that is, the edge of the test specimen fu
30、rthestaway from the front opening of the wind tunnel) manufactured with tongue-and-groove edge connections shall be spaced andattached according to the manufacturers recommendations.7. Calibration7.1 Calibrating Air Current:7.1.1 Set up the test apparatus and position a smooth deck, 1.3 m 4 ft-4 in.
31、 long on the framework at a 127 mm per 304.8 mm5 in. per 12 in. horizontal incline.7.1.2 Measure the air velocity at the center and 76 mm 3 in. from the edges of the deck.7.1.3 Position the center of the air measuring device 95 6 3mm334 618 in. above the surface. The air flow through andaround the i
32、nstrument shall be as free and undisturbed as possible.FIG. 2 Test SpecimenE2726/E2726M 12a37.1.4 Adjust the air supply to produce a 1 min timed average velocity of 5.3 6 0.2 m/s 12 6 0.5 mph at each of three locationsdetailed in 7.1.2.8. Procedure8.1 Conduct this test on three replicate test specim
33、ens.8.2 Mount each test specimen in the manner described in 5.1.1 with the framework 838.2 mm 33 in. from the air duct outlet.8.3 Size and Construction of BrandsConstruct each brand (Fig. 3), as follows, and condition in an oven at 41 to 49C 105to120F for at least 24 h.8.3.1 The Class A test Brand s
34、hall consist of a grid 305 mm 12 in. square and approximately 57 mm 214 in. thick made ofoven dry Douglas fir lumber free of knots and pitch pockets. Use 36 nominal 25 by 25 by 305 mm 1 by 1 by 12 in. strips, dressedon all four sides to 19 by 19 mm 34 by34 in. and placed in three layers of twelve st
35、rips each with strips spaced 6.35 mm 14in. apart. Place these strips at right angles to those in adjoining layers and nail (Note 2) at each end of each strip on one face (Fig.3). The dry weight of the finished brand shall be 2000 6 150 g at the time of test.8.3.2 The Class B test brand shall consist
36、 of a grid 152 mm 6 in. square and approximately 57 mm 214 in. thick made ofdry Douglas fir lumber free of knots and pitch pockets. Use 18 nominal 25 by 25 by 152 mm 1 by 1 by 6 in. strips, dressed onall four sides to 19 by 19 mm 34 by34 in., and placed in three layers of six strips each with strips
37、 spaced 6.35 mm (14 in. apart.Place these strips at right angles to those in adjoining layers and nail (Note 2) at each end of each strip on one face (Fig. 3). Thedry weight of the finished brand shall be 500 6 150 g at the time of test.NOTE 2Nails used in the construction of Class A and B brands ar
38、e No. 16, 38 mm 112 in. long bright, flat head, diamond point, wire nails. 68 nailsweighing approximately 42 g are used for Class A brand. 32 nails weighing approximately 21 g are used for Class B brand.8.4 Ignition of BrandBefore application to the test specimen, the brand shall be ignited by subje
39、cting it, for the followingrequired periods of time, to the flame of a gas burner of such size that, during the process of ignition, the brands are envelopedin the burner flame. The flame temperature of the igniting flame shall be 888 6 28C 1630 6 50F measured 59 mm 2516 in.above the top of the burn
40、er, which is shielded from drafts.8.4.1 Expose Class A test brand to the flame for 5 min, during which time it shall be rotated to present each surface to the flamein the following manner and sequence: Each 305 by 305-mm 12 by 12-in. face for 30 s, each 57 by 305-mm 214 by 12-in. facefor 45 s, and e
41、ach 305 by 305-mm 12 by 12-in. face again for 30 s.8.4.2 Expose Class B test brand to the flame for 4 min, during which time they shall be rotated to present each surface to theflame in the following manner and sequence: Each 152 by 152-mm 6 by 6-in. face for 30 s, each 57 by 152-mm 214 by 6-in.face
42、 for 30 s, and each 152 by 152-mm 6 by 6-in. face again for 30 s.8.5 Brand Placement:8.5.1 Class A BrandPlace a brand on the surface of each test deck at the location considered most vulnerable (point ofminimum coverage over deck joint) with respect to ignition of the deck but in no case closer than
43、 101 mm 4 in. from either sideor 305 mm 12 in. from the edge of the deck closest to the wind source. Place the brand so that the strips in both the upper andbottom layers are parallel to the direction of air flow and with the upper edge of the brand located 76 mm 3 in. above thehorizontal joint in t
44、he test deck. Secure to the deck by a No. 18B decking products; spread of flame; upper surface deck fire testAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 ScopeThis test method was developed in response to recommendations developed by the California Office of the StateFire Marshal (OSFM) rega
45、rding the performance of decking materials in a wildland fire (exterior wildfire exposure). Thecomposite lumber industry and solid lumber industry participated in the development of these recommendations. The OSFMrecommendations established performance criteria for a variety of materials to be used
46、in exterior buildings, structures, anddetached accessory structures. This test method is intended to address one component of an exterior wildfire exposure the uppersurface deck exposure. This is a performance test of an as-installed structure comprised of materials for which information aboutE2726/
47、E2726M 12a5their performance is desired. No attempt has been made to correlate this test with existing flame spread test methods. The test isa practical attempt to simulate the case where a flaming combustible material contacts the upper surface of a structure and iscapable of becoming involved in a
48、 wildland fire event. The judgment regarding the quantity of fire to be used was the result ofwildland fire studies by University of California at Berkeley, the OSFM, along with input from industry and other fire researchers.X1.2 Decking Test Method DevelopmentThe major concern about the ignition of
49、 decking is the hazard that it presents to thehabitable structure. For example, most decks, porches, patios, and landings are adjacent and usually attached to the structure. Assuch, most decking is configured so that it is capable of being threatened by two potential sources of ignition: brands on the surfaceand flaming material underneath the structure according to the following scenarios:X1.2.1 Scenario 1A brand lands on a deck causing com
