1、Designation: E2746 11Standard Specification forEvaluation and Selection of Communication and MarketingMaterials for Environmentally Sustainable Meetings, Events,Trade Shows, and Conferences1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2746; the number immediately following the designation in
2、dicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification offers a way to addre
3、ss environmental sustainability in the meeting and eventindustry. It is a tool for event planners and suppliers to understand the attributes of an environmentallysustainable event. The goal in developing this specification is to establish common benchmarks forenvironmental performance in events for
4、both planner and supplier sectors. This specificationconsiders the creation of an environmentally sustainable event to be a partnership between plannersand their suppliers. Each plays a critical role in the effort.In this specification, options are addressed for minimizing the environmental impact o
5、f face-to-faceevents. The approach of this specification is to focus on measurable outcomes and policies for plannersand suppliers. This maximizes the ability of businesses to select the methods best tailored to theirneeds to achieve benchmarks and measurable outcomes.1. Scope1.1 This specification
6、delineates procedural requirementsfor communications and marketing for a meeting, event, tradeshow, or conference (hereafter, referred to as events).1.2 Communications materials for events related to themarketing and communications associated with an event in-clude, but are not limited to: paper, pr
7、inted materials, give-aways and promotional items, signage, educational materials,written pre- and post-event instructions to each exhibitor,registration area apparatus, forms, organizers, and packaging,surveys, exhibitor advertising leaflets, event guides and maps,badges, holders, stickers, ribbons
8、, writing pads, pens, pencils,bags, totes, and lanyards.1.3 There are nine specifications covering the followingareas of event planning: destination selection, accommoda-tions, food and beverage, audio visual, onsite offices, commu-nication and marketing materials, transportation, exhibits, andvenue
9、s. Within each specification are eight categories criteria:staff management policy, communications, waste management,energy, air quality, water, procurement, and community part-ners. Each category is further split into four progressive levelsof achievement. Information within each specification is d
10、i-vided as follows: Main BodyScope, Referenced Documents,Terminology, Planner Requirements for Level 1, Supplier Re-quirements for Level 1, and Keywords; AnnexesPlannerRequirements for Levels 2 4, and Supplier Requirements forLevels 2 4.1.4 All areas of performance specified under this specifica-tio
11、n may not be relevant for each event, or for each facility orprovider of event services. In some cases, an event plannerwould use this specification in conjunction with other specifi-cations (for example, Specifications E2774, E2742) or thisspecification may be used individually. In other words, ele
12、-ments of an event may be separated out and considered solely,or added together and considered as a unit (for example,venues used individually versus transportation, accommoda-tions, and destination selection used in conjunction). Further-more, the specification applies separately to each supplier f
13、oran event. This means if multiple suppliers are used within thecontext of a single specification, each supplier must individu-ally meet the supplier requirements. To be considered anenvironmentally sustainable event at Level 1, all areas appli-cable to that event shall be achieved.1.5 If higher lev
14、els are achieved in some sections the eventcan only be considered environmentally sustainable at thelowest level achieved.1.6 The use of levels within this specification recognizes thepath to sustainable events is a multi-stage effort. The ideabehind the levels is to provide a coherent baseline for
15、measur-ing environmental performance, while being flexible enough toadapt to the needs of more advanced planners and to establish1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 onSustainability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.02 on Hospital-ity.Current editio
16、n approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published February 2012. DOI: 10.1520/E2746-11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.a performance path that encourages further environmentalperformance improvement. In addition, evolution of produc
17、tsand services to support events is expected allowing additionaladvancements and underscoring the dynamic nature of envi-ronmental sustainability. The specification primarily focuseson environmental sustainability, while some aspects of eco-nomic and social sustainability are included recognizing th
18、ecomplete path toward overall sustainability.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsi
19、bility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related C
20、oatingsD7480 Guide for Evaluating the Attributes of a ForestManagement PlanE2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Per-formance of BuildingsE2742 Specification for Evaluation and Selection of Exhib-its for Environmentally Sustainable Meetings, Events,Trade Shows, and ConferencesE2774 Sp
21、ecification for Evaluation and Selection of Venuesfor Environmentally Sustainable Meetings, Events, TradeShows, and Conferences2.2 Federal Statutes:3Federal Hazardous Substances Act Labeling and BanningRequirements for Chemicals and Other Hazardous Sub-stances, 15 U.S.C. 1261 and 16 C.F.R. Part 1500
22、U.S. Clean Air Act3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodegradable, adjcapable of decomposing undernatural conditions into elements found in nature. E21143.1.2 bio-derived renewable content (BRC), nmaterialoriginating from plants, animals or naturally derived sources(such as water) that can be repl
23、enished in the short term.3.1.3 bio-polymer, nall polymers that are biodegradable.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe input materials for the productionof these polymers may be either renewable (based on agricul-tural plant or animal products) or synthetic. Biopolymers arebased on starch, sugar, cellulose, and sy
24、nthetic materials.3.1.4 compostable, adjcapable of undergoing biologicaldecomposition in a compost site as part of an availableprogram where facilities exist, such that the material breaksdown into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, andbiomass, at a rate appropriate for such program.3.1.5 c
25、orporate social responsibility (CSR), na policy thatfunctions as self-regulating mechanism whereby the organiza-tion monitors and ensures its support of legal and ethicalstandards, and international norms addressing activities affect-ing the environment, consumers, employees, communities,stakeholder
26、s, and all other members of the public sphere.3.1.5.1 DiscussionCSR is the deliberate inclusion of pub-lic interest into corporate decision-making and the honoring ofthe triple bottom line: people, planet, and profit. Also knownas corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, responsiblebusiness,
27、 sustainable responsible business (SRB), or corporatesocial performance, is a form of corporate self-regulationintegrated into a business model.3.1.6 diversion rate, nthe rate or percentage of wastematerials diverted from traditional disposal such as landfills orincineration to be recycled, composte
28、d, or reused.3.1.7 environmentally preferable products, nproducts orservices that have a lesser or reduced effect on human healthand the environment when compared with competing productsor services that serve the same purpose.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThis comparison applies to raw mate-rials, manufacturing
29、, packaging, distribution, use, reuse, opera-tion, maintenance, and disposal. These products may possessbiodegradable, organic, reusable, recycled, or recyclable attri-butes.3.1.8 environmentally sustainable, adjenvironmental fo-cus on components, functions, and systems that meets theneeds of the pr
30、esent without compromising the ability of futuregenerations to meet their own needs.3.1.9 hazardous materials, nany material or combinationof materials that because of their quantity, concentration, orphysical or chemical characteristics poses an unreasonable riskto the health and safety of persons
31、or the environment, or both.3.1.9.1 DiscussionHazardous materials may require spe-cial handling during storage, manufacture, processing, packag-ing, use, disposal, or transportation due to one or more of thefollowing characteristics: poisonous, explosive, chemicallyactive, corrosive, toxic, or radio
32、active.3.1.10 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), ntoxic air pol-lutants as identified in Title III of the Clean Air Act.U.S. Clean Air Act3.1.11 local, adjrelating to or applicable to a city or townor district rather than a larger area.3.1.11.1 DiscussionThe exact distance for purposes ofsourcing good
33、s (including food and beverage), services, andpersonnel will be determined by the planner or supplier, orboth, and be based upon the event location adjusting forlocation size and season. No standard definition exists to definelocal, inherent in this practice is the philosophy to use sourcesgeographi
34、cally proximate to the event and be practical givenwide dispersion of services and products across geographicareas. For the purposes of this specification, local food isdefined as within 250 miles.3.1.12 planner, nperson whose job it is to oversee andarrange every aspect of an event; an employee or
35、hired ad hoc2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office S
36、uperintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.E2746 112by large companies, professional associations, or trade asso-ciations to plan, organize, implement, and control events,conventions, and other events.3.1.12.1 DiscussionPlanners
37、may include professionalswho work for government, association, corporate, or indepen-dent agencies. The planner is the buyer of event services.3.1.13 post-consumer, adjrefers to materials that are re-claimed from products that have already served their intendedend-use as consumer items.3.1.13.1 Disc
38、ussionWaste from industrial processes arenot considered post-consumer. Post-consumer materials are asubset of recovered materials.3.1.14 pre-consumer material, adjrefers to material thatare reclaimed from manufacturing and other industrial pro-cesses and products which have not served their intended
39、end-use as a consumer item. E21143.1.14.1 DiscussionPre-consumer materials include:culls, trimmed materials, print overruns, overissue publica-tions, and obsolete inventories.3.1.15 processed-chlorine-free (PCF) paper, npaper inwhich no chlorine or chlorine derivatives were used in therecycling proc
40、ess although papers which were originallybleached with chlorine or chlorine derivatives may have beenused as feedstock.3.1.16 recovered materials, nwaste material and by-products which have been recovered or diverted from the wastestream, but such term does not include those materials andby-products
41、 generated from, and commonly used within, anoriginal manufacturer process. E21143.1.17 recycle, vrecovering or reprocessing materials foruse in the form of raw materials in the manufacture of newproducts other than fuel for producing heat or power bycombustion. E21143.1.17.1 DiscussionThe use of th
42、e word recycle used inthis specification applies to planners and their suppliers whichprovide event products and services. Recycling, as defined,does not extend to the activities of the suppliers vendors orsuppliers.3.1.18 recycled content products, nproducts that containpre-consumer or post-consume
43、r materials as all or part of theirfeedstock. E21143.1.18.1 DiscussionRecycled-content products may con-tain some pre-consumer waste, some post-consumer waste orboth. A product does not have to contain 100 % recoveredmaterials to be considered “recycled,” but clearly the higherthe percentage of recy
44、cled content, the greater the amount ofwaste that is diverted from disposal.3.1.19 reduced toxic materials, nproducts or services thathave lesser or reduced toxicity levels when compared withcompeting products or services that serve the same purpose.This comparison applies to raw materials, manufact
45、uring,packaging, distribution, use, reuse, operation, maintenance,and disposal.3.1.20 request for proposal (RFP), nan invitation forsuppliers, often through a bidding process, to submit a proposalon a specific commodity or service.3.1.21 renewable materials, nsubstances derived from aliving tree, pl
46、ant, animal, or ecosystem that has the ability toregenerate itself.3.1.22 stakeholder, nindividuals, organizations or otherentities that directly affect or are directly affected by theplanning and execution of a specific event.3.1.22.1 DiscussionStakeholders in the event industryinclude but are not
47、limited to: event organizer, event planner,surrounding community, convention and visitors bureau, laborunions, news media, government, attendees, hotels, airlines,maintenance personnel, material handlers, local transportationcompanies and warehouses, florists, photographers, securitycompanies, medic
48、al facilities, registration companies, restau-rants, gas stations, recycling facilities, utility companies, ca-terers, audio visual providers, printers, ad specialty brokers,laundries, grocery stores, farmers, fisheries, fisherman, phar-macies, and bakeries.3.1.23 supplier, npurveyor, provider, vend
49、or, or contrac-tor offering facilities, products, or services, or any combinationthereof.3.1.24 sustainable development, ndevelopment that meetsthe needs of the present without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their own needs. E21143.1.25 sustainability, nthe maintenance of environmental,economic, and social components, functions, and systems forfuture generations. E21143.1.26 toxic, adjany substance that is likely to producepersonal injury or illness to humans when it is inhaled,swallowed, or absorbed through the
