1、Designation: E2767 11Standard Practice forDigital Imaging and Communication in NondestructiveEvaluation (DICONDE) for X-ray Computed Tomography (CT)Test Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2767; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice facilitates the interoperability of X-raycomputed tomo
3、graphy (CT) imaging equipment by specifyingimage data transfer and archival storage methods in commonlyaccepted terms. This document is intended to be used inconjunction with Practice E2339 on Digital Imaging andCommunication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE).Practice E2339 defines an industria
4、l adaptation of the NEMAStandards Publication titled Digital Imaging and Communica-tions in Medicine (DICOM, see http:/medical.nema.org), aninternational standard for image data acquisition, review,storage and archival storage. The goal of Practice E2339,commonly referred to as DICONDE, is to provid
5、e a standardthat facilitates the display and analysis of NDE test results onany system conforming to the DICONDE standard. Towardthat end, Practice E2339 provides a data dictionary and a set ofinformation modules that are applicable to all NDE modalities.This practice supplements Practice E2339 by p
6、roviding infor-mation object definitions, information modules and a datadictionary that are specific to X-ray CT test methods.1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issuesthat arise when analyzing or archiving data from tomographictest equipment using proprietary data transfer and stor
7、agemethods. As digital technologies evolve, data must remaindecipherable through the use of open, industry-wide methodsfor data transfer and archival storage. This practice defines amethod where all the X-ray CT technique parameters and testresults are communicated and stored in a standard mannerreg
8、ardless of changes in digital technology.1.3 This practice does not specify:1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an imple-mentations conformance to the standard.1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of thestandard on a device claiming conformance.1.3.3 The overall set of feat
9、ures and functions to be ex-pected from a system implemented by integrating a group ofdevices each claiming DICONDE conformance.1.4 Although this practice contains no values that requireunits, it does describe methods to store and communicate datathat do require units to be properly interpreted. The
10、 valuesstated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other unitsof measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priat
11、e safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE1441 Guide for Computed Tomography (CT) ImagingE1475 Guide for Data Fields for Computerized Transfer ofDi
12、gital Radiological Examination DataE1570 Practice for Computed Tomographic (CT) Examina-tionE2339 Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication inNondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE)2.2 Other Standard:3DICOM National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationStandard for Digital Imaging and Communication
13、inMedicine (DICOM), 2011.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Nondestructive evaluation terms used in this practicecan be found in Standard Terminology for NondestructiveExaminations, E1316.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct res
14、ponsibility of Subcommittee E07.11 on DigitalImaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE).Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2767 - 10.DOI:10.1520/E2767-11.2For referenced ASTM stan
15、dards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300N. 17th St.,
16、 Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.2 Computed Tomography terms used in this practice canbe found in
17、 Standard Guide for Computed Tomography (CT)Imaging, E1441.3.1.3 DICONDE terms used in this practice are defined inPractice E2339.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A fundamental principle of DICONDE is the use ofstandard definitions and attribute formats for data communica-tion and storage. This means all s
18、ystems that are DICONDEcompliant use a common data dictionary and common com-munication protocols. To further standardization, the elementsin the data dictionary are organized into common groupsreferred to as information modules. The data dictionary andinformation modules common to all NDE modalitie
19、s aredefined in Practice E2339.4.2 The data dictionary and information modules specifiedin Practice E2339 do not cover the information storagerequirements for each individual modality (CT, DR, CR, UT,etc.). Additions to the data dictionary and information modulesare required to support the individua
20、l modalities. This practicecontains the additions to the DICONDE data dictionary andinformation modules necessary for X-ray CT inspection.4.3 The highest organizational level in the DICONDEinformation model is the information object definition (IOD).An information object definition is a collection o
21、f the infor-mation modules necessary to represent a set of test results froma specific modality. This practice contains information objectdefinitions for X-ray CT inspection.5. Significance and Use5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the creation, transfer,and storage of X-ray tomographic NDE data
22、 will use thisstandard. This practice defines a set of information modulesthat along with Practice E2339 and the DICOM standardprovide a standard means to organize X-ray tomography testparameters and results. The X-ray CT test results may bedisplayed and analyzed on any device that conforms to thiss
23、tandard. Personnel wishing to view any tomographic inspec-tion data stored according to Practice E2339 may use thisdocument to help them decode and display the data containedin the DICONDE-compliant inspection record.6. Information Object Definitions6.1 X-ray CT Image IOD Description:6.1.1 The X-ray
24、 CT Image Information Object Definitionspecifies an image that has been created by an X-ray CTimaging device for NDE purposes. To avoid duplication ofrelevant material from the DICOM standard, the IOD defini-tion will follow that for CT Images found in Part 3, SectionA.3of the DICOM standard except
25、as noted below in Table 1.Table 1 is not stand-alone and must be used in conjunction withPart 3, Section A.3 of the DICOM standard to have a completedefinition of the DICONDE CT information object. In additionto the DICONDE information modules specified in PracticeE2339 and this standard, the DICOND
26、E CT IOD utilizesadditional DICOM standard information modules as noted inTable 1.6.1.2 This IOD will use the Service-Object Pair (SOP)Classes for the CT IOD as defined in Part 4, Section B.5 of theDICOM standard.6.2 X-ray CT Multi-Frame Image IOD Description:6.2.1 The X-ray CT Multi-Frame (CT-MF) I
27、mage Informa-tion Object Definition specifies a multi-frame image that hasbeen created by an X-ray CT imaging device for NDEpurposes. To avoid duplication of relevant material from theDICOM standard, the IOD definition will follow that forEnhanced CT Images found in Part 3, Section A.38 of theDICOM
28、standard except as noted below in Table 2. Table 2 isnot stand-alone and must be used in conjunction with Part 3,Section A.38 of the DICOM standard to have a completedefinition of the DICONDE CT-MF information object.6.2.2 This IOD will use the Service-Object Pair (SOP)Classes for the Enhanced CT IO
29、D as defined in Part 4, SectionB.5of the DICOM standard.TABLE 1 X-ray CT-Image Information Object DefinitionDICOM Module DICONDE Module Reference UsageAPatient Component Practice E2339, Section 7 MClinical Trial Subject Not ApplicableGeneral Study Component Study Practice E2339, Section 7 MPatient S
30、tudy Not ApplicableClinical Trial Study Not ApplicableGeneral Series Component Series Practice E2339, Section 7 MClinical Trial Series Not ApplicableGeneral Equipment NDE Equipment Practice E2339, Section 7 MContrast/bolus Not ApplicableCT Image NDE CT Image 7.1 MNDE CT Detector 7.2 UX-Ray Collimato
31、r X-Ray Collimator DICOM Part 3,Section C.8.19.6.12UX-Ray Filtration X-Ray Filtration DICOM Part 3,Section C.8.7.10UX-Ray Grid X-Ray Grid DICOM Part 3,Section C.8.7.11UNDE Indication Practice E2339, Section 7 UNDE Geometry Practice E2339, Section 7 UNDE CT CalibrationData7.3 UADefinition of usage co
32、des can be found in Part 3, Section A.1.3 of the DICOM standard.E2767 1127. Information Modules7.1 NDE CT Image Module:7.1.1 Table 3 specifies the Attributes that describe the NDEX-ray CT image module.7.2 NDE X-ray CT Detector Module:7.2.1 Table 4 specifies the Attributes that describe NDEX-ray CT D
33、etectors.7.2.1.1 For X-ray CT Detector module, Detector Type(0018,7004) is specified to use the following defined terms:DIRECTSCINTILLATOR7.2.1.2 For X-ray CT Detector module, Detector Configu-ration (0018,7005) is specified to use the following definedterms:AREALINEAR7.3 NDE X-ray CT Calibration Da
34、ta Module:7.3.1 Table 5 specifies the Attributes that describe NDEX-ray CT calibration data.7.4 NDE Enhanced CT Image Module.:7.4.1 Table 6 specifies the attributes that describe the NDEEnhanced CT Image Module.7.4.2 Table 7 specifies the attributes that describe the NDECT X-ray Details Functional G
35、roup macro.8. Keywords8.1 DICOM; DICONDE; X-ray; computed tomography;CT; digital data transmission; digital data storage; database; fileformatTABLE 2 X-ray CT-MF Image Information Object DefinitionDICOM Module DICONDE Module Reference UsageAPatient Component Practice E2339, Section 7 MSpecimen Ident
36、ification Not ApplicableClinical Trial Subject Not ApplicableGeneral Study Component Study Practice E2339, Section 7 MPatient Study Not ApplicableClinical Trial Study Not ApplicableGeneral Series Component Series Practice E2339, Section 7 MClinical Trial Series Not ApplicableSynchronization Not Appl
37、icableGeneral Equipment NDE Equipment Practice E2339, Section 7 MEnhanced Contrast/Bolus Not ApplicableCardiac Synchronization Not ApplicableRespiratory Synchronization Not ApplicableEnhanced CT Image NDE Enhanced CT Image 7.4 MNDE Indication Practice E2339, Section 7 UNDE Geometry Practice E2339, S
38、ection 7 UNDE CT Calibration Data 7.3 UAcquisition Context Needed for DICOM compatibilityADefinition of usage codes can be found in Part 3, Section A.1.3 of the DICOM standard.E2767 113TABLE 3 NDE CT Image Module AttributesAttribute Name Tag VR VM TypeADescriptionImage Type (0008,0008) CS 1-n 1 Imag
39、e identification characteristics.Samples Per Pixel (0028,0002) US 1 1 Number of samples per pixel (planes) in this image.Photometric Interpretation (0028,0004) CS 1 1 Specifies the intended interpretation of the pixel data.Bits Allocated (0028,0100) US 1 1 Number of bits allocated for each pixel dat
40、a.Bits Stored (0028,0101) US 1 1 Number of bits stored for each pixel data.High Bit (0028,0102) US 1 1 Most significant bit for pixel data.KVP (0018,0060) DS 1 2 Peak kilo voltage output of the X-ray generator used.Acquisition Number (0020,0012) IS 1 2 A number identifying the single continuous gath
41、ering of data over aperiod of time which resulted in this image.Scan Options (0018,0022) CS 1-n 3 Parameters of the scanning sequence.Data Collection Diameter (0018,0090) DS 1 3 The diameter in mm of the region over which data were collected.Reconstruction Diameter (0018,1100) DS 1 3 Diameter in mm
42、of the region from within which data were used increating the reconstruction of the image. Data may exist outside ofthis portion of the region and portions of the component may existoutside this region.Distance Source to Detector (0018,1110) DS 1 3 Distance in mm from source to detector center.Dista
43、nce Source to Component (0018,1111) DS 1 3 Distance in mm from source to isocenter (center of field of view).Gantry/Detector Tilt (0018,1120) DS 1 3 Nominal angle of tilt in degrees of the scanning gantry. Not intendedfor mathematical calculations.Table Height (0018,1130) DS 1 3 The distance in mm o
44、f the top of the part positioner table to thecenter of rotation; below the center is positive.Rotation Direction (0018,1140) DS 1 3 Direction of rotation of the source when relevant, about nearestprincipal axis of equipment. Enumerated Values: CW = clockwiseCC = counterclockwiseExposure Time (0018,1
45、150) DS 1 3 Time of X-ray exposure in msec.X-ray Tube Current (0018,1151) DS 1 3 X-ray Tube Current in mA.Exposure (0018,1152) DS 1 3 The exposure expressed in mA, for example, calculated fromExposure Time and X-ray Tube Current.Exposure in As (0018,1153) DS 1 3 The exposure expressed in m, for exam
46、ple, calculated fromExposure Time and X-ray Tube Current.Filter Type (0018,1160) DS 1 3 Label for the type of filter inserted into the X-ray beam.Generator Power (0018,1170) DS 1 3 Power in kW to the X-ray generator.LINAC Energy (0014,5002) IS 1 3 The energy of the LINAC in KeVe expressed in rads pe
47、r minute.LINAC Output (0014,5004) IS 1 3 The output of the LINAC in GysFocal Spot (0018,1190) DS 1 3 Size of the focal spot in mm. For devices with variable focal spot ormultiple focal spots, small dimension followed by large dimension.Convolution Kernel (0018,1210) DS 1 3 A label describing the con
48、volution kernel or algorithm used toreconstruct the data.Revolution Time (0018,9305) FD 1 3 The time in seconds of a complete revolution of the source aroundthe gantry orbit or the complete rotation of a component on aturntable.Single Collimation Width (0018,9306) FD 1 3 The width of a single row of
49、 acquired data (in mm).Total Collimation Width (0018,9307) FD 1 3 The width of the total collimation (in mm) over the area of activeX-ray detection.Table Speed (0018,9309) FD 1 3 The distance in mm that the table moves in one second during thegathering of data.Table Feed Per Rotation (0018,9310) FD 1 3 Motion of the table (in mm) during a complete revolution of theobject being inspected.CT Pitch Factor (0018,9311) FD 1 3 Ratio of the Table Feed per Rotation (0018,9310) to the TotalCollimation Width (0018,9307).Exposure Modulation Type (0018,9323) CS 1 3 A label describing the t
