1、Designation: E2785 14Standard Test Method forExposure of Firestop Materials to Severe EnvironmentalConditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2785; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONFirestops are installed in buildings to prevent the spread of fire. Each firestop design is dependenton its specific arr
3、angement, thickness, density, and shape of materials used in its construction and uponthe specific assembly in which it is fire tested. There are at least five types of materials used infirestops. They are endothermic, intumescent, insulative, subliming, and ablative. Some firestops usemore than one
4、 type in a specific design. The purpose of this test method is to provide a common setof procedures for evaluating the potential behavior of materials used in firestops to variousenvironmental conditions. There are other materials used in firestop systems that are not of the fivetypes listed above,
5、which are not intended to be evaluated by this test method.1. Scope1.1 This test method evaluates a change in physicalproperties, chemical properties, or both, of firestop materialsafter a standardized environmental exposure. This test methoddoes not evaluate the fire performance of the firestop mat
6、erials.1.2 This test method establishes indicators that will aid indetermining the use of the tested material in buildings.1.3 This test method evaluates the properties of componentproducts used within a firestop system, and does not evaluatethe properties of assembled firestop systems.NOTE 1This te
7、st method does not preclude the possibility of exposingcomplete firestop systems to one or more severe environmental exposuresand then exposing the complete firestop system to a fire test.1.4 This test method is intended to be a screening method inthe evaluation of the relative behavior of a specifi
8、c materialbefore and after a standardized set of severe exposure criteria.Individual tests are not intended to be the only determiningfactor in evaluating or selecting a firestop material becauseeach test has limitations.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The va
9、lues given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to es
10、tablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
11、C1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants UsingArtificial Weathering ApparatusD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water ImmersionD2041/D2041M Test Method for Theoretical MaximumSpecific Gravity
12、and Density of Bituminous Paving Mix-turesD3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without LoadD3850 Test Method for Rapid Thermal Degradation of SolidElectrical Insulating Materials By ThermogravimetricMethod (TGA)D4434/D4434M Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)Sheet Roofing1This test method is
13、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21on Serviceability.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E278511. DOI:10.1520/E2785
14、-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
15、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4637/D4637M Specification for EPDM Sheet Used InSingle-Ply Roof MembraneD4714 Test Method for Determination of Effect of MoistHeat (50 % Relative Humidity and 90C) on Properties ofPaper and Board (Withdrawn 2010)3D5510 Practice for Heat Aging
16、 of Oxidatively DegradablePlastics (Withdrawn 2010)3D5893/D5893M Specification for Cold Applied, SingleComponent, Chemically Curing Silicone Joint Sealant forPortland Cement Concrete PavementsD6083 Specification for Liquid Applied Acrylic CoatingUsed in RoofingD6754/D6754M Specification for Ketone E
17、thylene EsterBased Sheet RoofingD6878/D6878M Specification for Thermoplastic PolyolefinBased Sheet RoofingD6947/D6947M Specification for Liquid Applied MoistureCured Polyurethane Coating Used in Spray PolyurethaneFoam Roofing SystemE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Mater
18、ialsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand MaterialsE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation OvensE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-ologyE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE814 Test Method for
19、Fire Tests of Penetration FirestopSystemsE2786 Test Methods for Measuring Expansion of Intumes-cent Materials Used in Firestop and Joint SystemsF495 Test Method for Weight Loss of Gasket MaterialsUpon Exposure to Elevated TemperaturesG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-erated T
20、est Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions in the following standards willprevail for terms not defined in this test method.3.1.1 For definitions of general terms use
21、d in this testmethod related to building construction, refer to TerminologyE631.3.1.2 For definitions of general terms used in this testmethod related to fire standards, refer to Terminology E176.3.1.3 For definitions of general terms used in this testmethod related to thermal analysis and rheology,
22、 refer toTerminology E473.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 ablative, adjcharacterized by the capability for rap-idly dissipating heat from a substrate.3.2.2 endothermic, adjcharacterized by a process orchange that takes place with absorption of heat and requireshigh temperatu
23、re for initiation and maintenance.3.2.3 insulative, adjcharacterized by an extremely lowdielectric constant, low thermal conductivity or both.3.2.4 intumescent, adjcharacterized by foaming andswelling when exposed to high surface temperatures or flames.3.2.5 subliming, adjcharacterized by the direct
24、 passage ofa substance from solid to vapor without appearing in theintermediate (liquid) state.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method describes the following test sequenceand procedure:4.1.1 The firestop material is measured for its physicalproperties or chemical properties, or both, before e
25、xposure tostandardized severe environments.4.1.2 The firestop material is exposed to standardized severeenvironmental exposures for a specific time period and retestedfor its physical properties or chemical properties, or both, atvarious time periods.4.1.3 After the total exposure time period, the f
26、irestopmaterials physical properties or chemical properties, or both,and performance is calculated and reported as a percentage ofinitial values.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the materialperformance after exposure to a standardized set of severeenvironmental con
27、ditions. It is understood that these perfor-mance values are dependent upon these standardized exposureperiods and environmental concentrations. Other values arepossible if the exposure period or severe environmentalconcentration, or both, is changed.5.2 This test method is intended to be used where
28、 thematerial is exposed to the specific extreme environmentalcondition in its intended field of application.5.3 The user shall establish which properties are relevant tothe application at hand, in order to determine the properties tobe tested.NOTE 2It is not intended for all properties to be tested
29、in all cases.5.4 This test method is intended to evaluate only thefollowing types of materials, as defined by their physicalproperties or chemical properties, or both, and used in penetra-tion firestops:5.4.1 Endothermic,5.4.2 Intumescent,5.4.3 Insulative,5.4.4 Ablative, and5.4.5 Subliming.5.5 This
30、test method determines initial physical properties,chemical properties, or both, to allow comparison with physi-cal properties, chemical properties, or both after exposure. Thefollowing properties are to be considered, as applicable:5.5.1 Weight loss or gain,5.5.2 Volume expansion,3The last approved
31、 version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.E2785 1425.5.3 Thermal conductivity,5.5.4 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),5.5.5 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),5.5.6 Tensile strength and elongation,5.5.7 Visual observations, and5.5.8 Loss on ignition.5.6 This test method u
32、ses the following exposures:5.6.1 Elevated temperature,5.6.2 High humidity,5.6.3 Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide with moisturepresent,5.6.4 Water immersion,5.6.5 Temperature cycling,5.6.6 Wet-freeze-dry cycling, and5.6.7 Weathering.5.7 This test method does not provide any informationregarding the
33、 actual fire performance of the firestop before orafter the exposure tests.5.8 This test method will provide a comparison betweenformula and processing changes in materials.5.9 This test method only provides for a comparison of thetested material before and after a standardized exposureprocess.5.10
34、This test method shall be used as one element inevaluating materials or selecting firestop material(s) for aspecific application. Other factors shall be considered, such asits fire performance as tested in accordance with Test MethodsE814 or E119, flame spread as tested in accordance with TestMethod
35、 E84, durability, and its compatibility with its adjacentmaterials.6. Apparatus6.1 Accelerated weathering unit as described in PracticeG151 and, more specifically, Practice G155.6.2 Cold box or freezer.6.3 Vented air circulating oven, complying with Specifica-tion E145 that is capable of exposing sa
36、mples at 212 6 3.6F(100 6 2C).6.4 Balance, calibrated to weigh specimens to the nearest0.00035 oz (0.01 g)6.5 A 6 in. (152 mm) dial caliper with a division of 0.01 in.(0.25 mm) or smaller6.6 A small hydraulic press with platens larger than 5 in.(127 mm) square.6.7 Two nominally 0.125-in. (3.2-mm) th
37、ick metal shims atleast 4 in. (102 mm) long.6.8 Release liner paper.6.9 A steel ruler graduated to164 in. (0.40 mm).6.10 Environmental chamber that can be sealed for use ofgas.6.11 A TGA system.6.12 A DSC system.6.13 A volume expansion measuring system.6.14 Other apparatus as specified in the refere
38、nced stan-dards.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Use as-commercially-supplied material from themanufacturer, with dimensions or form modified to meet theexposure and property testing required. See 7.2 and SectionA1.1.7.2 Some materials that are used to seal a penetration in thefield re
39、quire special preparation before samples are exposed tothe required environments.7.2.1 Cast or form samples into the cured or dry state beforeexposure to the environmental conditions for sealants, putties,coatings, sprays, mortars, and foams.7.2.2 Cut sheet-type materials such as wrap strips, boards
40、,mats, blankets, pillows, preformed plugs, and sponges into aform designed to be exposed to the environmental conditions.7.2.3 Make measurements on no less than three specimensfor each time increment. Obtain and prepare samples for allexposures.8. Conditioning8.1 All test specimens shall be conditio
41、ned to equilibriumby weight in a room or chamber with a temperature of72 6 5F (22 6 3C) at 50 6 5 % RH. Weigh and record theweight of each test specimen once a day until equilibrium isreached. Equilibrium is considered achieved when the weightchange is less than 1 % per day.After the samples have re
42、achedequilibrium, they are to be retrieved and tested within 1 h afterremoval from the conditioning environment.9. Procedure9.1 Control SamplesFor each individual physical prop-erty or chemical property, or both, as enumerated in 5.4,determine and record benchmarks for each material. Thebenchmark va
43、lue shall be the measurement prior to anyenvironmental exposure test.9.2 Subject test specimens to any of the following in 9.2.1 9.2.7, as requested by the test sponsor, and record the results.The results shall be reported for each required time increment.9.2.1 Elevated Temperature Exposure in accor
44、dance withPractice D3045, Test Method D4714, or Practice D5510.9.2.2 High Humidity in accordance with Annex A1.6.9.2.3 Concentrated Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide inaccordance with Annex A1.2.9.2.4 Water Immersion in accordance with Practice D870.9.2.5 Temperature Cycling in accordance with Annex
45、 A1.3.9.2.6 Wet-Freeze-Dry Cycling in accordance with AnnexA1.4.9.2.7 Weathering in accordance with Practice C1442 usingthe Xenon-arc procedure. Irradiance level is to be set at0.51 W/(m2 nm) at 340 nm for 102 min of light and 18 min oflight plus moisture, as detailed in 7.2.3 of Practice C1442.Asan
46、 option, for users who are required to operate the machine atirradiance level of 0.35 W/(m2 nm), this exposure may beused with an adjustment using the equation for determiningequivalent radiant exposures at different irradiance levels inA1.2 of Practice C1442.E2785 1439.3 After exposing samples to t
47、he conditions in 9.2, deter-mine and record the properties specified in 5.5.1 5.5.8,asapplicable.9.3.1 Mass.9.3.2 The intumescent expansion ratio, in accordance withTest Methods E2786, for material type 5.4.2.9.3.3 The thermal conductivity in accordance with TestMethod C177 for material type 5.4.3.9
48、.3.4 The thermo degradation measured by TGA in accor-dance with Test Method D3850 for material types 5.4.1, 5.4.4,and 5.4.5.9.3.5 The calorific value measured by DSC in accordancewith Test Method D2041/D2041M for material types 5.4.1,5.4.4, and 5.4.5.9.3.6 Tensile strength and elongation in accordan
49、ce withTest Methods D412.9.3.7 Visual appearance.9.3.8 Loss on ignition according to Test Method F495.10. Calculation or Interpretation of Results10.1 Express the final results of the exposure tests as apercentage of the change in each physical property or chemicalproperty, or both (LOI, mass, specific heat, etc.), calculated asfollows:P 5 A 2 O!/O# 3100 (1)where:P = percentage change in property,O = original value, andA = value after environmental exposure.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Name of company supplying material11.1.2 Name a
