1、Designation: E2786 10Standard Test Methods forMeasuring Expansion of Intumescent Materials Used inFirestop and Joint Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2786; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods determine, by measurement, theexpansion of intumescent materials used in firestop and
3、jointsystems under specified conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The text of these test methods references
4、 notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the fire test response standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
5、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE631 Terminology of Building Constructions3
6、. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions in the following standards willprevail for terms not defined in these test methods.3.1.1 For definitions of general terms used in these testmethods related to building construction, refer to TerminologyE631.3.1.2 For definitions of general terms used in these
7、testmethods related to fire standards, refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 expansion, nan increase in the dimensions as theresult of heating.3.4 intumescent, adjcharacterized by swelling when ex-posed to high surface temperatures or flames.3.5 expansion f
8、actor, nthe ratio of the material heightbefore and after heating, under test conditions that allowexpansion only in the vertical direction.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 These test methods place a material of a specifiedthickness or volume into a specific device that is capable ofheating the material.
9、4.2 After the material is heated, its dimensional or volumet-ric change is measured.4.3 Two test methods are provided, one using a test speci-men holder (Test Method A) and the other using a waterdisplacement method (Test Method B).4.4 Test Method A may be used for measuring expansion ofany material
10、.4.5 Test Method B may be used for measuring expansion ofany material, except for those materials that are granular, thatare susceptible to absorbing paraffin in conditioned pre-expanded state or post-expanded state, or that are susceptible todamage or deformation in a post-expanded state.4.6 The te
11、st method used must be reported, as use ofdifferent test methods will result in different expansion factors.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are intended to measure the materi-als expansion after heating.5.2 The test methods also provide a means to determine theexpansion factor.6. Appar
12、atus6.1 Heating DeviceAn enclosed furnace or oven or simi-lar equipment capable of maintaining the temperature specifiedherein and large enough to contain the test specimen holder.6.2 Test Method ATest Specimen Holder Method:6.2.1 Test Specimen HolderA Series 300 stainless steelassembly consisting o
13、f at least two cylinders contained in aframe into which the material is placed. Each cylinder shall benominally 5 in. (130 mm) high with a nominal 2 in. (50 mm)1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
14、ttee E06.21on Serviceability.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. DOI:10.1520/E2786-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to th
15、e standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.outside diameter. Fig. 1 is an example of a test specimenholder. Wall thickness shall be nominal 0.08 in. (2 mm).6.2.2 Restrictor Pl
16、ateA Series 300 stainless steel discwith a diameter of 0.01 to 0.015 in. (0.25 to 0.38 mm) less thanthat of the cylinder in 6.2.1 and with a mass of 1.14 oz/in2(5g/cm2), 60.023 oz/in2(0.1 g/cm2).NOTE 1For a Series 300 stainless steel, a qualifying restrictor platecan be made from solid bar stock wit
17、h an O.D. of 1.82 in. (46.2 mm) anda thickness of 0.25 in. (6.5 mm ) (see Fig. 2).6.2.3 Steel rule die with the same width as the diameter ofthe cylinder in 6.2.1, +0.0 0.015 in. (+0 0.38 mm).6.2.4 The following are needed to prepare some test speci-mens:6.2.4.1 A dial caliper with a smallest divisi
18、on of 0.001 in.(0.025 mm),6.2.4.2 Drying oven capable of reaching and maintaining212F (100C),6.2.4.3 A balance accurate to 60.00035 oz (60.01 g),6.2.4.4 Asmall hydraulic press with platens larger than 5 in.(130 mm) square,6.2.4.5 Two nominal 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) thick metal shims atleast 4 in. (100 mm)
19、 long to create the needed productthickness in the press,6.2.4.6 Release liner paper, and6.2.4.7 Steel ruler graduated to 0.0156 in. (0.39 mm).6.3 Test Method BWater Displacement Method (See Fig.3):6.3.1 Base, independent of the balance,6.3.2 Steel rule die, 1 in. (25 mm) diameter,6.3.3 Glass beaker
20、, 400-mL smooth wall type,6.3.4 Weight with hook attached,6.3.5 Aluminum tins,6.3.6 Electric hot plate for heating wax,6.3.7 Paraffn wax with Melting Point of 132.8F 134.6F(56C 57C), or equivalent.6.3.8 Distilled Water.7. Hazards7.1 This test method uses equipment, which alters a mate-rials state th
21、at may create noxious gases that may be harmful.Care should be taken to provide adequate ventilation for allequipment capable of producing this effect.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 Samples representative of the material shall be ran-domly selected. Record the name, address, manufact
22、urersdesignation, and lot number for the material that was used forthe test sample.NOTE 2When samples are selected by the laboratory or its authorizedrepresentative as part of a quality assurance program, the samples shall beduly marked to ensure traceability.NOTE 3Samples may be selected from other
23、 sources other than themanufacturers facility. The manufacturer of the samples may not beknown.8.2 The results of this test are only applicable to the specificnominal thickness and density of the material sampled andtested.8.3 At least three test specimens shall be used.8.4 Each test specimen shall
24、be a single piece without anyjoints.8.4.1 Exception 1Granular materials.8.4.2 Exception 2Materials that have dimensions that aresmaller than required to create a 2 in. (50 mm) method A or 1in. (25 mm) method B, diameter round test sample shall bejoined together to create the test specimen. The metho
25、d ofjoining shall be acceptable to the test sponsor and to the testinglaboratory.NOTE 4When joining is required, the method of joining should nothave any significant anticipated effect on the results of the test. Prepare alltest specimens using the same method for each material.NOTE 5When comparing
26、results between laboratories or tests, it iscritical that the same preparation and test method is used in all tests.8.5 For preformed materials, cut the samples into disc-shaped test specimens using a die.8.6 For caulk and putty materials:FIG. 1 Test Specimen Holder (Test Method A)E2786 1028.6.1 Cut
27、 two pieces of release liner paper into nominal 5 in.(125 mm) squares for each test specimen. Place enoughmaterial in the center of one sheet so that when compressed itwill create a nominal 4 in. (100 mm) square by 0.25 in. (6.4mm) thick sample. Place the other sheet of release liner papersquarely o
28、ver the top of the first, sandwiching the materialbetween them.8.6.2 Place the metal shims along the outer edges of theplaten press.8.6.3 Place the release liner paper and material sandwichbetween and in the center of the platen press.8.6.4 Close the press so that it stops at the metal shims.Leave t
29、he release liner paper and material sandwich in thepress for at least 30 s.8.6.5 Remove sample from press.8.6.6 Cure samples in accordance with manufacturers pub-lished instructions.8.6.7 Take the release liner with material out of the oven andlet it cool to room temperature, then remove the top and
30、 bottomlayers of the release liner paper and remove the cured material.8.6.8 Cut the sample into at least three disc-shaped testspecimens using a die.8.7 For granular materials:8.7.1 Pour granules into a 100 ml graduated cylinder.8.7.2 Tap the graduated cylinder on hard surface 10 times.8.7.3 Read a
31、nd record the volume of granules in thegraduated cylinder to the nearest millilitre (see 12.1.2.1).8.7.4 Pour material into test specimen holder.8.7.5 Repeat steps 8.7.1-8.7.4 until three test samples areprepared for heating.8.8 Each test specimen shall have its own identification ordesignation. All
32、 information recorded shall reference thatidentification or designation.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Test TemperaturesPrior to conducting the test, theheating device shall be brought to equilibrium at the requiredtest temperature.9.2 The test specimen holder, used for Test Method A, shallbe cleane
33、d prior to performing each test. Cleaning shallincorporate any process used at the discretion of the laboratorythat will render the apparatus free from any debris or residuefrom previous testing. The apparatus shall also be fully dryprior to installing test specimens.10. Calibration and Standardizat
34、ion10.1 The temperature in the heating device shall be verifiedusing a thermocouple or thermometer that is accurate to 65F(63C).FIG. 2 Restrictor PlateFIG. 3 Test Method B ApparatusE2786 10310.2 The measuring device used to determine expansionshall be accurate to 60.01 in. 6(0.25 mm).10.3 The measur
35、ing device used to determine the initialthickness of the samples shall be accurate to 60.001 in.(60.025 mm).11. Conditioning11.1 All test specimens shall be conditioned to equilibriumby weight in a room or chamber with a temperature of 72F 65F (23 6 3C) at 50 6 5 % RH. Weigh and record the weightof
36、each test specimen once a day until equilibrium is reached.Equilibrium is considered achieved when the weight change isless than 1 % per day. After the samples have reachedequilibrium, they are to be retrieved and tested within 1 hourafter removal from the conditioning environment.12. ProceedureTEST
37、 METHOD A TEST SPECIMEN HOLDERMETHOD12.1 Measure the pre-test sample dimensions:12.1.1 Solid Samples:12.1.1.1 Measure and record each preformed test specimenthickness at five symmetrical points as shown in Fig. 4 forthree test specimens. For granular materials, see 12.1.2.12.1.1.2 Measure the thickn
38、ess as shown in Fig. 4 within60.001 in. (60.025 mm). Record this measurement as Hs(see13.1.1).12.1.2 Granular Samples:12.1.2.1 Use the volume recorded in 8.7.3. Divide thevolume by the cross-sectional area of the inside of the testspecimen holder cylinder. Record this value as Hs.NOTE 6For the cylin
39、der dimension discussed in 6.2.1, the insidediameter of commercially available stainless steel tubing is 1.834 in. (46.6mm) and the correlating area is 2.64 in2(17 cm2).12.2 Place test specimens into the test specimen holder.Place one sample in the bottom of each cylinder. Each testspecimen shall be
40、 laid flat in the bottom of the cylinder. Coverthe test specimen with the Restrictor Plate as described in6.2.2.12.3 Measure the distance from the top edge of the testspecimen holder to the top of Restrictor Plate. Record thisdistance as Hi.12.4 The specimen holder containing test specimens, asdescr
41、ibed in 12.2, shall be exposed to a temperature of 1022 65F (550 6 2.7C).12.5 Insert the test specimen holder into the pre-heatedheating device as described in 6.1.12.6 Leave the test specimen holder in the heating devicefor 30 6 1 min.12.7 Remove the test specimen holder from the heatingdevice and
42、place it in a room or chamber with a temperature of72F 6 5F (23 6 3C) at 50 6 5 % RH.12.8 Allow the test specimen holder to cool to reach thetemperature in the room or chamber.12.9 Measuring Expanded Samples:12.9.1 Solid Samples:12.9.1.1 After cooling, measure and record the minimumand maximum expan
43、sion of intumescent materials for each testspecimen to the nearest116 in. (1.6 mm). Measure the distancefrom the top edge of the test specimen holder to the top ofRestrictor Plate. Record this distance as Hf.12.9.1.2 If the expanded sample height, as calculated by (Hf Hi)+Hs, is less than 1.5 in. (3
44、8 mm), the test shall bediscarded. Subsequent tests shall be conducted using theminimum number of multiple layers of material at the initialFIG. 4 Thickness Measuring PointsE2786 104sample thickness, so that the expanded sample shall have aminimum height of 1.5 in. (38 mm) and a maximum height of4 i
45、n. (102 mm).NOTE 7Hfis measured in 12.9.1.1, Hiis measured in 12.3, Hsismeasured in 12.1.1.2 or 12.1.2.1.NOTE 8Discussion: A minimum expansion height is specified so theallowed measurement tolerance of132 in. (0.8 mm) does not produceexcessive errors in the final result.12.9.1.3 Calculate the expans
46、ion factor using the procedureand formulas in 13.1.12.9.2 Granular Samples:12.9.2.1 Pour into a graduated cylinder large enough to holdthe material.12.9.2.2 Record the volume of material to the nearestmillilitre.12.9.2.3 Calculate the expansion factor using the procedureand formulas in Section 13, T
47、est Method B.TEST METHOD B WATER DISPLACEMENTMETHODNOTE 9Some materials may not be appropriate to test using thismethod. For example, a product that loses structure after intumescing maybe damaged with a paraffin soak, or a sample that the char cannot behandled without breaking.NOTE 10Procedure Test
48、 Method B uses Archimedes Principal tomeasure the volume displacement of the initial verses the expandedsample. Refer to Appendix X1 for a more in depth discussion on thisprinciple and how it is applied in this method.12.10 Die cut three 1 in. (25 mm) diameter samples from thematerial to be tested.1
49、2.11 Balance Set Up:12.11.1 Place the sample holder (metal frame) on top of thebalance pan (Fig. 2).12.11.2 Place the metal base over the balance. Make sure itis not touching the balance.12.11.3 Place the beaker on the metal frame and fill withwater to approximately 1 in. (25 mm) below the top rim.12.11.4 Tare the balance.12.12 Unexpanded Volume Determination:12.12.1 Tare the balance with the hook and weight attachedto the metal frame and suspended in water.12.12.2 Place the unexpanded sample on top of the balancepan. Reco
