1、Designation: E2788 11Standard Specification forUse of Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate (ESCS) as a MineralComponent in the Growing Media and the Drainage Layerfor Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2788; the number immediately following the designation
2、 indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the quality
3、 and grading of thefollowing materials for use as a mineral component of growingmedia and drainage layer for extensive and intensive vegetative(green) roof systems. The requirements are intended to coveronly materials having normal or average gradation character-istics. Procedures covered in this sp
4、ecification are not intendedfor evaluating the performance nutrients associated with veg-etative (green) roof growing media Where other materials areto be used, appropriate limits suitable to their use must bespecified.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given
5、 in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to es
6、tablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This standard offers an organized collection of informa-tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This document cannot replace education o
7、rexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged, nor shou
8、ld thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects. The word 9Standard9 in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit
9、 Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use ofSodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by
10、Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles MachineC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural ConcreteC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-crete Masonry UnitsD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD4254 Test M
11、ethods for Minimum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils and Calculation of Relative DensityD4767 Test Method for Consolidated Undrained TriaxialCompression Test for Cohesive SoilsD5883 Guide for Use of Rotary Kiln Produced ExpandedShale, Clay or Slate (ESCS) as a Mineral Amendment inTopsoil Used fo
12、r Landscaping and Related PurposesD6739 Test Method for SilicapH ValueE2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Per-formance of BuildingsE2399 Test Method for Maximum Media Density for DeadLoad Analysis of Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This specification is
13、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 onSustainability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.01 on Buildingsand Construction.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published February 2012. DOI: 10.1520/E2788-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
14、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 For te
15、rms related to Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate(ESCS), refer to Terminology D5883.3.1.2 For terms related to sustainability relative to theperformance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 expanded shale, clay, and slate (ESCS), na light-weight
16、, ceramic material produced by expanding and vitrifyingselect shale, clay, or slate in a rotary kiln.3.4 extensive vegetative (green) roof system, na vegeta-tive (green) roof system that utilizes a narrow range of specieslimited to herbs, grasses, mosses, and drought tolerant succu-lents such as sed
17、um. These types of plants can potentially besustained in a shallow growing media layer usually six inchesand under with generally less maintenance than intensivevegetative (green) roof systems.3.5 vegetative (green) roof system, nassembly designed tosupport vegetation growth above a waterproofed mem
18、brane.3.6 growing media (media), nthe substrate in whichplants take hold and develop.3.7 intensive vegetative (green) roof system, na vegetative(green) roof system that utilizes a wide variety of plant speciesthat require a growing media greater than six inches that mayinclude lawns, trees, and shru
19、bs.3.8 saturated surface dry (SSD), ncondition after theaggregate is immersed in water for a minimum period of 72hours with no visable water on the exposed surfaces of theaggregate.3.9 sedums, na succulent plant known for its tolerance forextreme conditions.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 ESCS is a
20、lightweight, ceramic material produced byexpanding and vitrifying select shale, clay or slate in a rotarykiln. It is a highly porous and low-density material. The rawshale, clay or slate used to produce ESCS is fired in the kiln attemperatures exceeding 1000C. As it exits the kiln thematerial is ste
21、rile, inert, and ceramic. Some crushing may beperformed to facilitate final screening in a screening system.ESCS is generally neutral in pH although the pH can varysomewhat depending on the raw material and the fuel used forprocessing. Test Method C29/C29M determines density (looseunit weight). Test
22、 Method C127 is used to determine theabsorption after soaking the material. The particle distributionis determined with the appropriate sieves as stated in TestMethod C136. The ESCS to be sampled in accordance withPractice D75.5. Requirements5.1 The aggregates shall conform to the gradation require-
23、ments specified in Table 1. For the drainage layer no more than2 % by volume of aggregate particles shall have a diameter of48.0 40.0 10.0 Test Method C29/C29M,see Note 1Air Filled Porosity Vol % 30.0 20.0 10.0 Test Method E2399Maximum Water-holding Capacity Vol % . . . 12.0 35.0 Test Method E2399Wa
24、ter Permeability cm per sec 1.0 cm/s 0.1 cm/s 0.001 cm/s Test Method E2399Angle of Internal Friction (Compacted) degree 32 48 32 48 32 40 Test Method D4767Frost-Resistance % loss 10 % 10 % 5 % Test Method C88Los Angeles Abrasion % loss by weight 35 % . . . . . . Test Method C131,modified method FM 1
25、-T096E2788 1126. Keywords6.1 drainage; ESCS; green (vegetative) roofsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of an
26、y such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are i
27、nvited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receiv
28、ed a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of
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30、.TABLE 3 Chemical Properties of ESCSNOTE 1Care must be taken to specify what Test Method C29/C29M testing procedure is to be used for ESCS fines (rodding, jigging, or shoveling).Using the shoveling procedure to determine loose bulk density may result in the sample weighing less per volume moist than
31、 it will when dry becausemoisture tends to cause bulking of the ESCS fines that creates larger air pockets in the sample.NOTE 2ESCS is generally used in green roof systems as the mineral component of the media or as a granular drainage material. The hydraulicconductivity of the ESCS will differ depe
32、nding on type and gradation. The gradation can vary from 1.9 cm (34 in.) to fine sand like material. The mediamay require a blend of different sizes of ESCS with or without sand or an organic component, or both, depending on whether the application is for anIntensive or Extensive vegetative (green)
33、roof. Variations in the media can be obtained by adjusting the gradation of ESCS to meet the desired porosity,weight or moisture retention requirement. The main adjustment that needs to be addressed is a correction for the weight and volume relationship of ESCSfines, that is, the minus 4.75 mm (No.
34、4) sieve size to a similar size of sand. The oven-dry or saturated surface dry/loose unit weight tests (see Test MethodC29/C29M) can be performed to establish the weight-volume relationship.NOTE 3The pH values signify only the pH range for the ESCS aggregate portion of the media, the pH for the tota
35、l blended media should fall betweenthe range of 5.5 to 8.5 as best suited for the plant selection.NOTE 4Adapted from, “Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkaline Soils,” USDAAgricultural Handbook 60, L.A. Richards (ed.), U.S. Gov.Print. Office, Washington, DC 1954.Chemical Properties Unit Drainage Intensive Extensive Test MethodpH SI . . . 5.5 10.5 5.5 10.5 D6739,see Note 3Salt Content mmhos/cm 1.50 mmhos/cm 0.60 mmhos/cm 0.60 mmhos/cm Saturated Paste Procedure Method,see Note 4.E2788 113
