1、Designation: E2816 12a An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forFire Resistive Metallic HVAC Duct Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2816; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONHeating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) duct systems may be subjected to fire- exposureconditions. ISO 69
3、44 is a standard test method used to evaluate ventilation ducts. However, ISO 6944does not address all of the fire resistive attributes deemed necessary by some authorities havingjurisdiction, for example, (1) the fire-resistive, combustibility, flame spread and smoke generation, anddurability prope
4、rties of the fire-resistive materials protecting the HVAC duct, (2) the transition fromthe horizontal to a vertical HVAC duct, (3) the attachment of the HVAC ducts supports to thefire-separating elements, (4) the termination of an HVAC duct system and the protection of its ends,(5) the effects of ra
5、pid cooling and erosion upon the HVAC duct system, (6) the use of fire dampersand (7) the effect of the HVAC duct system on its supporting construction. Many types of fire-resistivematerials are used to protect HVAC ducts. These fire-resistive materials are either applied to HVACducts in the field o
6、r are fabricated as an integral part of the HVAC duct system when shipped from thefactory. Evaluating fire-resistive materials used to protect a HVAC duct from fire is an aid forpredicting their fire performance and helps to establish uniformity in requirements of variousauthorities. To do this it i
7、s necessary that the fire-resistance properties of HVAC ducts protected withfire-resistive materials be measured and specified according to a common standard expressed in termsthat are applicable alike to a wide variety of materials, situations, and conditions of exposure.1. ScopeNOTE 1Use of the st
8、andard designation ISO 6944 refers to both ISO6944:1985 and ISO 6944-1:2008.1.1 These test methods evaluate the fire-resistive materialsand the HVAC duct systems surface burning characteristics,non-combustibility, fire resistance, durability, and fire-engulfment with horizontal and vertical through-
9、penetrationfirestops.NOTE 2The intent of these test methods is to provide authoritieshaving jurisdiction a means to evaluate the fire performance of HVACduct systems to enable their application and use.1.2 These test methods evaluate the fire performance ofHVAC ducts, including both supply (pressuri
10、zed: Condition A Horizontal and Condition B Vertical) and return (exhaust:Condition C Horizontal and Condition D Vertical).1.3 These test methods evaluate the ability of a HVAC ductsystem to resist the spread of fire from one compartment toother compartments separated by a fire resistance rated con-
11、struction when the HVAC duct system is exposed to fire underone or more of the following conditions:1.3.1 Condition AFire exposure from the outside of thehorizontal HVAC duct system without openings,1.3.2 Condition BFire exposure from the outside of thevertical HVAC duct system without openings,1.3.
12、3 Condition CFire exposure from the outside with hotgases entering the inside of the horizontal HVAC duct systemwith unprotected openings, andNOTE 3Unprotected openings are openings that are not protected byfire dampers.1.3.4 Condition DFire exposure from the outside with hotgases entering the insid
13、e of the vertical HVAC duct systemwith unprotected openings.1.4 These test methods provide a means for determining thefire-resistance of vertical and horizontal HVAC duct systems,when subjected to the standard time-temperature curve of TestMethods E119.1.4.1 Condition AThese test methods provide a m
14、eans forevaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, without openingsexposed to fire, passing through a vertical fire-separatingelement.1.4.2 Condition BThese test methods provide a means forevaluating a vertical HVAC duct system, without openings1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
15、ommittee E05 on FireStandards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on FireResistance.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E2816-12. DOI:10.1520/E2816-12A.Copyright ASTM International,
16、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1exposed to fire and outfitted with a horizontal connection,passing through a horizontal fire-separating element.1.4.3 Condition CThese test methods provide a means forevaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, with u
17、nprotectedopenings exposed to fire, passing through a vertical fire-separating element.1.4.4 Condition DThese test methods provide a means forevaluating a vertical HVAC duct system with a horizontalconnection, and with unprotected openings exposed to fire,passing through a horizontal fire-separating
18、 element.1.5 These test methods prescribe a standardized fire expo-sure for comparing the test results of the fire resistive materialsand HVAC duct systems. The results of these tests are onefactor in assessing predicted fire performance of HVAC ductsystems. Using these test results to predict the p
19、erformance ofactual HVAC duct systems requires the evaluation of testconditions.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only, unless the SI units are used consistently toperform all of the test methods referen
20、ced herein. In this case,the SI units will be regarded as the standard and will be usedin Section 17, Report.1.7 The text of these test methods references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material and (excludingthose in tables and figures) shall not be considered as require-ments of the
21、fire-test-response standard.1.8 This document specifically excludes evaluating ductsthat carry combustibles, flammable vapors, combustible gases,and commercial kitchen ventilation systems commonly calledgrease ducts or hazardous exhaust ducts, which are tested incompliance with Test Methods E2336.1.
22、9 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products, or assemblies under actual fire co
23、nditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11
24、Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Tra
25、nsmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE176 Terminology of F
26、ire StandardsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration FirestopSystemsE2226 Practice for Application of Hose StreamE2336 Test Methods for Fire Resistive Grease Duct Enclo-sure Systems2.2 Other Standards:UL 385 Standard for Play Pipes for Water Supply Te
27、sting inFire-Protection ServiceISO 6944:1985 Fire Resistance Tests Ventilation DuctsISO 6944-1:2008 Fire Containment Elements of BuildingConstruction Part 1: Ventilation ducts3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods andassociated with fire issues, refer to the definition
28、s contained inTerminology E176.3.2 For definitions of terms used in these test methods andassociated with building issues, refer to the definitions con-tained in Terminology E631.3.3 When there is a conflict between Terminology E176 andTerminology E631 definitions, Terminology E176 definitionsshall
29、apply.3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.4.1 fire resistive material, nthe product applied to or apart of the HVAC duct to provide fire resistance.3.4.2 fire-separating element, nfloors, walls, and partiti-tions having a period of fire resistance determined in accor-dance with fire
30、 resistance test methods such as Test MethodsE119.3.4.3 fire side, adjthe surface of the test assembly or testspecimen exposed to the heat or flame, or both, of the testapparatus.3.4.4 integrity, nthe absence of cracks, holes or openingsthat appear outside the furnace on the fire-resistive material
31、orfirestop, or both, or through which flames or hot gases pass asdetermined by the cotton pad test.3.4.5 orifice, nthe continuous hollow area or openingwithin the HVAC duct.3.4.6 stability, nthe ability of the HVAC duct, support andfastening system to fulfill their intended function.3.4.7 supporting
32、 construction, nthe arrangement of build-ing sections forming the fire-separating elements into whichthe HVAC duct system is installed.3.4.8 support system, nthe vertical or horizontal devicesused to sustain the HVAC duct and its fire-resistive materialsand their fastening means.2For referenced ASTM
33、 standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.E2816 12a23.4.9 test assembly, nthe complete construction composedof a test speci
34、men(s) together with its supporting construction.3.4.10 test specimen, na material, product, or assemblageof a specific design, composition, density, and dimension, forexample, a HVAC duct protected with a fire-resistive materi-al(s) that is secured by fastening system, which is suspended bya suppor
35、t system, and protected by a firestop(s).3.4.10.1 DiscussionThe fire-resistive material or theHVAC duct system are examples of test specimens.3.4.11 unexposed side, nthe surface not directly exposedto the heat or flame, or both, of the test apparatus.3.4.12 unexposed surface thermocouple, ntemperatu
36、re-measuring device placed on the unexposed surface.3.4.13 HVAC duct, na tube or conduit utilized for convey-ing air without combustible materials, flammable vapors, andcombustible gases.3.4.14 HVAC duct system, nconsists of the HVAC duct, afire-resistive material(s), a support system, the through-p
37、enetration firestop(s) and fastening system(s).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Representative test specimens of the fire-resistive mate-rial or the HVAC duct system are subjected to the selected testsfor the purposes of assisting the authority having jurisdiction inqualifying an HVAC duct system to a a
38、n explicit set of theirrequirements. These test methods describe the following testsequence and procedures:4.1.1 A combustion characteristics of building materialstest, Test Method E136, demonstrates the measure of fire-resistive materials combustibility at a standardized tempera-ture and duration.4
39、.1.2 A durability test intended to simulate the effects oflong-term exposure of typical in-service conditions, only whenthe service temperature exceeds 125F, on the thermal trans-mission qualities of the fire-resistive materials when subjectedto a modified version of Test Method C518.NOTE 4The servi
40、ce temperature refers to the temperature inside theHVAC duct system or the ambient temperature surrounding the HVACduct system.4.1.3 A fire-engulfment test uses a standardized fire expo-sure to simulate a fire occurring on the outside of the HVACduct system in Conditions A and B, or a fire occurring
41、 on theinside and outside of the HVAC duct system in Conditions Cand D, and demonstrates the ability of the HVAC duct systemto remain intact without a through opening appearing insupporting construction or the HVAC duct system outside thefurnace or raising the temperature on its unexposed surfaceabo
42、ve the limitations of these test methods or conveying hotgases into other compartments. The fire-engulfment test alsotests the fastening methods used to secure the fire-resistivematerial to the HVAC duct and the support system. Thefire-engulfment test also provides a means to test a through-penetrat
43、ion firestop to determine its compatibility with theHVAC duct when mounted in a horizontal or vertical fire-separating element. A hose stream test is also performed on thetest assembly in accordance with the provisions in PracticeE2226.4.1.4 Surface burning test, Test Method E84, provides ameans to
44、evaluate the flame spread and smoke developed of thefire-resistive material.4.1.5 A hot-surface performance test, Test Method C411,provides a means of evaluating the coverings and liningsability to resist flaming, glowing, smoldering or smoking whilein service.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test m
45、ethods are intended to evaluate the abilityof the HVAC duct system and its supporting construction to dothe following:5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure, and5.1.2 Retain its integrity.5.2 These test methods provide for the following measure-ments and evaluations where applicabl
46、e:5.2.1 Ability of the fire-resistive material to resist flaming(combustion) when exposed to 1382F (750C).5.2.2 Ability of the tested support system to carry the loadof the HVAC duct and its fire-resistive material(s) during astandardized fire-engulfment test.5.2.3 Ability of the firestops to meet t
47、he requirements ofTest Method E814 when used as part of a HVAC duct system.5.2.4 Ability of the HVAC duct system to resist the passageof flames and hot gases onto its unexposed surface during astandardized fire-resistance test.5.2.5 Transmission of heat through the HVAC duct systemduring a standardi
48、zed fire-resistance test.5.2.6 Ability of the firestop to resist the passage of waterduring a standardized hose stream test.5.2.7 Comparative measurement of temperature aging of thefire-resistive material(s) when subjected to a standardizedthermal cycling during the durability test.5.2.8 Measurement
49、 of flame spread over the surface of thefire-resistive material or HVAC duct system.5.2.9 Ability of the covering and lining to resist flaming,glowing, smoldering or smoking while in service.5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the fire-resistivematerial, supporting construction, or the HVAC duct systemconstructed with components, densities, or dimensions otherthan those tested.5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the fire-resistivematerial or HVAC duct system contributes to t
