1、Designation: E2912 13E2912 17 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Test of Non-Mechanical Fire Dampers Used in VentedConstruction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2912; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the ability of non-mechanical
3、fire dampers used in vented construction in its openstate to limit passage of hot gases, radiation, and flames during a prescribed fire test exposure. The fire exposure condition in thistest method is sudden direct flame impingement, which produces these hot gases, radiation, and flames.NOTE 1Non-me
4、chanical fire dampers can be used in vented construction. Vented constructions may be parts of buildings including walls, floors,ceilings and concealed spaces and cavities used for air transfer and to allow ventilation in structures without ductwork. Non-mechanical fire dampers canbe located adjacen
5、t to combustible construction or materials and situated in exposed or concealed locations, or both. Unlike typical fire resistiveassemblies, vented construction uses non-mechanical fire dampers to allow air transfer without the use of ducts. Resistance to flame, radiation, and hotgases may be requir
6、ements when direct flame impingement is a credible risk, or when no penetration of flames is required by the authority havingjurisdiction, or both. The proposed test method provides procedures that enable an assessment of this direct flame impingement on non-mechanical firedampers. This test method
7、does not alter any requirements for non-mechanical fire dampers used in fire resistance rated construction and assemblies.1.2 This fire-test-response standard is intended to provide a means to assess the reaction of a non-mechanical fire damper usedin vented construction to sudden direct flame impin
8、gement, or as a supplement to existing fire-resistive test methods, or both.1.3 This test method does not circumvent or eliminate the fire resistance rating requirements for construction. The fire resistancerating of construction shall be tested in accordance with published fire-resistance test stan
9、dards as appropriate for the relevantapplication of the construction, or as required by the authority having jurisdiction (regulatory authority), or both. Non-mechanicalfire dampers shall be tested to the appropriate fire-resistive test standards required for their application in order to determine
10、a fireresistance rating in those constructions.NOTE 2Some of the major international standards development organizations (SDO) include, but are not limited to, ASTM International, CEN, ISO,UL, and ULC. Some examples of standards employing standard time-temperature curves for fire exposure used to de
11、termine a constructions fireresistance rating include, but are not limited to, the following: Test Methods E119, E814, E1966, E2307, UL 10B, UL 10C, UL 555, UL 555C etc. Theterm “authority having jurisdiction” is defined in Practice E2174.1.4 This test method specifies the fire exposure conditions,
12、fire test protocol, and criteria to evaluate an open state.NOTE 3There are currently no published test methods (nationally or internationally) that address the application of sudden direct flame impingementon non-mechanical fire dampers used in vented construction. In the European Union (EU), CEN (E
13、uropean Committee for Standardization) has veryrecently started a work item to address reaction to sudden direct flame impingement on non-mechanical fire dampers. Also, in the EU, some countrieshave used large scale tests with 5MW fire exposures to assess test specimensreactions to sudden direct fla
14、me impingement as part of the entire buildingconstruction. Standard time-temperature curves used to control gas-fired furnaces do not ensure a sudden direct flame impingement on the test specimen,which this test method is designed to do. A post flashover condition, the spontaneous combustion of mate
15、rials, ignition of a highly combustible materialacting as the source of the fire (for example, stored cleaning solutions or fuels) or the location of materials can create a fire scenario resulting in a suddendirect flame impingement.1.5 Results generated by this test method provide the following inf
16、ormation:1.5.1 the open state fire performance of vented construction, and1.5.2 the non-mechanical fire dampers fire-test-response characteristic when exposed to sudden direct flame impingement.1.6 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the test assembly related to the leak
17、age of smoke, or gases,or both.1.7 This test method does not apply to a test assembly having other components than those tested.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself in
18、corporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire Resistance
19、.Current edition approved July 1, 2013Aug. 1, 2017. Published July 2013September 2017. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asE2912-13. DOI: 10.1520/E2912-13.10.1520/E2912-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM stan
20、dard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by AST
21、M is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.9 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide ex
22、planatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of this standard.1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.11 Fire testing is inherently ha
23、zardous.Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, h
24、ealth and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Int
25、ernational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE631 Terminology of B
26、uilding ConstructionsE814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop SystemsE1966 Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint SystemsE2174 Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed FirestopsE2257 Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and AssembliesE2307 Test Method for Det
27、ermining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story TestApparatus2.2 UL Standards:3UL 10B Fire Tests of Door AssembliesUL 10C Positive Pressure Fire Tests of Door AssembliesUL 555 Fire DampersUL 555C Ceiling Dampers3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms defined in T
28、erminologies E176 and E631 shall prevail for fire and building terms not defined in thisdocument.3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods and associated with fire issues, refer to the definitions contained inTerminology E176.3.1.2 For definitions of terms used in these test methods
29、and associated with building issues, refer to the definitions containedin Terminology E631.3.1.3 When there is a conflict between Terminology E176 and Terminology E631 definitions, Terminology E176 definitionsshall apply.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 closed state, nthe sea
30、led or closed condition of an opening in vented construction.3.2.2 insulation, nability of a test assembly, when exposed to fire on one side, to restrict the temperature rise to belowspecified levels on its unexposed side.3.2.3 integrity, nthe ability of a test assembly, when exposed to fire from on
31、e side, to prevent the passage of flame or hot gasesthrough it or the occurrence of flames on its unexposed side.3.2.3.1 DiscussionIn this test method the integrity of the test assembly is determined by Section 11, Integrity Test, and the Ignition Test Procedurein Annex A2.3.2.4 non-mechanical fire
32、damper, nventing device used as part of vented construction intended to resist the transfer of hotgas, radiation, and flame.3.2.5 open state, nthe unsealed or unclosed condition of the non-mechanical fire damper prior to being closed or sealed.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, w
33、ww.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http:/.E2912 1723.2.6 open
34、 state fire performance, nthe ability to limit the passage of hot gases, radiation, and flames produced during thistest methods standardized, sudden-flaming exposure.3.2.7 splice, na connection of parts of test specimens within the vented construction.3.2.8 test assembly, nthe complete assembly of a
35、 test specimen(s) installed in the vented construction.3.2.9 test specimen, na non-mechanical fire damper with specific attributes such as material(s), gaps, shapes, size, and width.3.2.10 vented construction, na building element or construction feature (such as a floor, wall, roof, ceiling, joint,
36、door or wallcavity, crawl space, air gap, etc.) that includes an opening(s) used for venting of spaces or as part of ductless ventilation equippedwith one or more non-mechanical fire dampers.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test assembly is subjected to a standardized fire exposure created using a p
37、ropane-powered gas burner regulated to aspecific heat output as noted in 6.1.5.4.2 This test method is applicable to either horizontal or vertical test assemblies that are symmetrical or asymmetrical asreferenced in 7.5 and 7.6.4.3 The test assembly is conditioned at specific temperature and humidit
38、y ranges as stated in Section 9.4.4 This test method establishes a specific test procedure in Section 10 to measure the open state fire performance of ventedconstruction when exposed to hot gases, radiation, and flames prior to, and including, its closed state.4.5 This test method requires the time
39、be reported at which flaming occurs, if any, as noted in 13.1.19 based on informationobtained from 10.13, 11.1, and 11.2.4.6 The open state fire performance is monitored using an integrity test and an insulation test in accordance with Sections 11and 12, respectively.4.7 This test method requires th
40、e time be reported when individual and average unexposed surface temperature readings exceedthe limitations established by this test method as noted in 13.1.20.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides for the following observations, measurements and evaluations of an open state during th
41、e test fire.5.1.1 Ability of the test specimen to resist the passage of flames, radiation, and hot gases caused by sudden direct flameimpingement.5.1.2 Transmission of heat through the test specimen.5.2 This test method does not provide the following:5.2.1 Evaluation of the degree to which the test
42、assembly contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, orother products of combustion.5.2.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the testspecimen or the test assembly.5.2.3 Measurement of flame spread over
43、the surface of the test specimen or the test assembly.5.2.4 Durability of the test specimen or test assembly under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycledtemperature.5.2.5 Effects of a load on the test specimen or test assembly.5.2.6 Any other attributes of the test specimen or th
44、e test assembly, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration,water-tightness, and so forth.5.3 The results of this test method shall not be used as an alternative to, or a substitute for, requirements for a required fireresistance rating of building construction.6. Apparatus6.1 Fi
45、re Source:6.1.1 A gas burner shall be used as the fire source.6.1.2 The gas burner shall have a nominal 170 by 170 mm porous top surface consisting of a refractory material (for example,sand) as shown in Fig. 1. Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance for dimensions in figures shall be 65 %.NOTE 4
46、The burner and its output were selected to produce a sudden direct flame impingement on the test specimen that is constant. The burnerconfiguration and its output were based upon those prescribed in Test Method E2257. The distance between the test specimen and the fire source (gasburner) was set to
47、address variables typically seen in building occupation that contribute to sudden direct flaming. Two of many possible examples are:(1) Interior vents located in storage rooms and offices where combustibles are stacked on top of filing cabinets, (2) Exterior vents in contact withlandscaping (vegetat
48、ion or forestation, or both). In many cases, these combustibles are just inches from the vent, which is open to allow airflow, and aresubject to a sudden direct flame impingement.E2912 1736.1.3 The burner shall be supplied with CP4 grade propane (99 % purity) with a net heat of combustion of 46.5 6
49、0.5 MJ/kg.The gas flow to the burner shall be measured to an accuracy of at least 63 %. The flow measuring equipment shall be calibratedper the manufacturers instructions at least once per year.6.1.4 The heat output to the burner shall be controlled within 65 % of the prescribed value.6.1.5 The gas supply to the burner shall produce a constant net heat output of 300 6 10 kW for at least 10 min.6.2 Test Bench:6.2.1 The test bench shall be constructed of framing and shall use materials suited to withstand the duration of the fire test.Unless otherwise
