1、Designation: E2933 13Standard Specification forStationary Point Chemical Vapor Detectors (SPCVD) forHomeland Security Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2933; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 General:1.1.1 This specification presents baseline performance re-quirements and additional optiona
3、l capabilities for stationarypoint chemical vapor detectors (SPCVD) designed forcontinuous, 24 hours a day 7 days a week, monitoring ofpublic, non-industrial facilities. This specification is one ofseveral that describe chemical vapor detectors (for example,handheld and stationary) and chemical dete
4、ction capabilitiesincluding: chemical vapor hazard detection, identification, andquantification.An SPCVD is capable of detecting and alarmingwhen exposed to chemical vapors that pose a risk as defined bythe Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected AirborneChemicals (AEGL). For example, chemical
5、vapors of interestfor homeland security applications, see Appendix X1. TheSPCVD should not alarm to background chemical vapors andshould provide low false positive alarm rates and no falsenegatives. Procurement agents and end users must identify thespecific chemicals of interest and environmental re
6、quirementsfor the given facility.1.1.1.1 An SPCVD samples air from immediate surround-ings and is comprised of one or more detectors using one ormore chemical detection technologies. An SPCVD also in-cludes air sampling system(s), power system(s), computer(s),data storage, data network communication
7、 interface(s), and anenclosure, see Fig. 1. An SPCVD may be combined with otherSPCVDs, other chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, andexplosive (CBRNE) detectors, and other monitoring devicessuch as video. A remote command center may monitor andcontrol these devices and communicate informatio
8、n to theresponsible authorities and responders, as depicted in Fig. 2.1.1.2 This specification provides the SPCVD baselinerequirements, including performance, system, environmental,and documentation requirements. This specification providesSPCVD designers, manufacturers, integrators, procurementpers
9、onnel, end users/practitioners, and responsible authorities acommon set of parameters to match capabilities and userneeds.1.1.3 This specification is not meant to provide for all uses.Manufacturers, purchasers, and end users will need to deter-mine specific requirements based on the installation loc
10、ationand environment.1.2 SPCVD Chemical Detection CapabilitiesManufacturers document and verify, through testing, thechemical detection capabilities of the SPCVD. Test methodsfor assessing chemical detection capabilities are available fromthe Department of Homeland Security and the Department ofDefe
11、nse and are listed in Appendix X2.1.3 SPCVD System and Environmental PropertiesManufacturers document and verify, through testing, the sys-tem and environmental properties of the SPCVD. Example testmethods for assessing the system and environmental propertiesare listed in Appendix X3.1.4 UnitsThe va
12、lues stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. Vapor concentrations of the hazardous materialsare presented in parts per million (ppm) as used in AcuteExposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals,Vols 1-9 (see 2.2) and in mg/m3.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all o
13、f thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2885 Specification for
14、 Handheld Point Chemical VaporDetectors (HPCVD) for Homeland Security Applications1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.01 on CBRNE Sensors and Detectors.Current edition approved July 1
15、, 2013. Published July 2013. DOI: 10.1520/E2933-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright
16、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency3Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected AirborneChemicals, Vols 19.2.3 U.S. Department of Homeland Security4Chemical Detection Performance Specificati
17、ons for MassTransit and Passenger Rail SystemsNational Information Exchange Model (NIEM), http:/www.niem.gov/.2.4 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)5Publication 1402 Security Requirements for CryptographicModules2.5 Code of Federal Regulations6CFR, Title 40 Protection of the Envir
18、onment, Part 72.2Permits Regulation, Definitions.CFR, Title 10 NRC Regulations, Part 30.20, Gas and Aero-sol Detectors Containing Byproduct MaterialCFR Title 47 Telecommunication, Part 15 Radio FrequencyDevices, and Part 18 Industrial, Scientific, and MedicalEquipment.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3
19、.1.1 30-minute Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Se-lected Airborne Chemicals, (30-min AEGL value),nrepresent threshold exposure limits for the general publicand are applicable to emergency exposure periods for 30minutes.3.1.2 AEGL-1, nairborne concentration (expressed asparts per million (ppm) or
20、 mg/m3) of a substance above whichit is predicted that the general population, including susceptibleindividuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, orcertain asymptomatic nonsensory effects. However, the effectsare not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessa-tion of expos
21、ure.3.1.3 AEGL-2, nairborne concentration (expressed as ppmor mg/m3) of a substance above which it is predicted that thegeneral population, including susceptible individuals, couldexperience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adversehealth effects or an impaired ability to escape.3.1.4 AEGL
22、-3, nairborne concentration (expressed as ppmor mg/m3) of a substance above which it is predicted that thegeneral population, including susceptible individuals, couldexperience life-threatening health effects or death.3.1.5 alarm, nsound, light, vibration, or data communica-tion signal to the operat
23、or(s), or combinations thereof, indicat-ing that the stationary point chemical vapor detector (SPCVD)has detected the presence of a chemical vapor(s) of interest ator above the alarm threshold value.3.1.6 alarm threshold value, nvapor concentration corre-sponding to an AEGL value (AEGL-1, AEGL-2, or
24、 AEGL-3)that activates an SPCVD alarm.3.1.7 background chemical vapors, nincidental chemicalvapors present in the environment at vapor concentrationslower than the 30-minute AEGL-1 values.3.1.8 consumables, nSPCVD components that requireperiodic replacement.3.1.9 enclosure, nan integral part of the
25、SPCVD thatprotects the internal SPCVD components from harm includingeffects from temperature, moisture, dust, mechanical stress,and tampering.3.1.10 facility, narea, structure, or surroundings, or com-binations thereof, to be monitored by the SPCVD (for example,a building, parking lot, transportatio
26、n station, and airport).3.1.11 false negative, nthe SPCVD fails to alarm in thepresence of a chemical of interest when the vapor concentra-tion is at or above the indicated alarm threshold value.3.1.12 false positive alarm, nthe SPCVD indicates thepresence of a chemical of interest when none is pres
27、ent or if thechemical is present at vapor concentrations less than 50 % ofthe indicated alarm threshold value.3.1.13 identify, vindicate actual chemical detected by theSPCVD.3.1.14 indicator, ninformation other than an alarm pro-vided to the operator(s) by the SPCVD.3.1.15 laboratory challenge strea
28、m, na synthesizedchemical vapor mixture used in the laboratory to verify thechemical detection capabilities of an SPCVD.3Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels, Committee on Toxicology,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Earth and LifeStudies, National Research Council o
29、f the National Academies; 2000-2010, http:/www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/index.htm, updated August 2010.4Available from the Office of Health Affairs, Chemical Defense Program, andthe Transportation SecurityAdministration. 245 Murray Lane, NW, Mail Stop 0315,Washington, D.C. 20528, March 2011.5Available from
30、 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov. May2001.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.go
31、v.FIG. 1 An example schematic of a Stationary Point Chemical Va-por Detector (SPCVD). The SPCVD is a unit which samples airfrom immediate surroundings and is comprised of one or moredetectors using one or more chemical detection technologies.An SPCVD also includes air sampling system(s), powersystem
32、(s), computer(s), data storage, data network communica-tion interface(s), and an enclosure.E2933 1323.1.16 local operations, ncontrol and monitoring of theSPCVD at or near the physical location of the SPCVD.3.1.17 mean time between failures, nestimate of theelapsed time between inherent failures of
33、a system duringoperation, one measure of system reliability.3.1.18 probability of detection, nunder specificconditions, the probability that the SPCVD will activate analarm when a chemical of interest is present at or above thealarm threshold values.3.1.19 remote command center, na location where an
34、operator remotely controls and monitors SPCVD(s), otherCBRNE detectors, and other monitoring devices. The remotecommand center communicates information to the responsibleauthorities, see Fig. 2.3.1.20 remote operations, ncontrol and monitoring of theSPCVD from a remote command center.3.1.21 response
35、 time, ntime required for the SPCVD todetect and activate an alarm when exposed to a chemical ofinterest at vapor concentrations at or above the alarm thresholdvalue.3.1.22 saturation, na condition in which the detectorresponse no longer increases with increased vapor concentra-tion.3.1.23 selectivi
36、ty, nability of an SPCVD to distinguishone or more chemicals of interest in the presence of back-ground chemical vapors.3.1.24 sensitivity, nability to detect one or more chemicalsof interest at the alarm threshold values within the specifiedresponse time.3.1.25 stationary point chemical vapor detec
37、tor (SPCVD),na unit which samples air from immediate surroundings andis comprised of one or more detectors using one or morechemical detection technologies. An SPCVD also includes airsampling system(s), power system(s), computer(s), datastorage, data network communication interface(s), and anenclosu
38、re, see Fig. 1. An SPCVD may be integrated into alarger monitoring system, as depicted in Fig. 2.3.1.26 vapor, nin the context of this specification, vaporrefers to either gases or gas phase chemicals where the samesubstance may also exist in either a liquid or solid state.4. Chemical Detection Perf
39、ormance Requirements4.1 The manufacturer shall document the baseline andadditional optional capabilities of the SPCVD to detect,identify, and quantify the chemical vapor hazards.4.2 Detection and Hazard Identification:4.2.1 The baseline capability of the SPCVD is to detect andalarm to one or more ha
40、zardous chemical vapors listed in theAcute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected AirborneChemicals. Tables X1.1 and X1.2 in Appendix X1 provide arepresentative list of chemical vapor hazards.4.2.2 The SPCVD shall detect the manufacturer-documented chemical vapors without user intervention.FIG. 2 A
41、conceptual representation of a facility security system with Stationary Point Chemical Vapor Detectors (SPCVDs) integratedwith other chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) detectors, and other monitoring devices such as video.E2933 1334.2.3 The SPCVD:4.2.3.1 Shall alarm i
42、n the presence of manufacturer-documented chemical vapors at the vapor concentrations givenin 4.3 with response times given in 4.4;4.2.3.2 Shall indicate each 30-min AEGL value that thedetected chemical vapor(s) is at or above; and4.2.3.3 Shall indicate the specific chemical(s) that is de-tected.4.3
43、 Sensitivity:4.3.1 For each manufacturer-documented chemical vapor,the manufacturer:4.3.1.1 Shall declare and document the SPCVD capabilityto alarm at the 30-min AEGL-2 value;4.3.1.2 May declare and document the SPCVD capability toalarm at the 30-min AEGL-1 value; and4.3.1.3 May declare and document
44、 the SPCVD capability toalarm at the 30-min AEGL-3 value.4.3.2 The SPCVD shall:4.3.2.1 Automatically cease the alarm signal within 2 minafter the concentration drops below half of the alarm thresholdvalues; and4.3.2.2 Include an indicator that is activated in the event ofan alarm and remains activat
45、ed until an operator resets theindicator.4.3.3 At vapor concentrations greater than the 30-minAEGL-3 values:4.3.3.1 The SPCVD shall continue to alarm;4.3.3.2 If a detector is saturated, the SPCVD shall indicateit is saturated; and4.3.3.3 The SPCVD should be designed to avoid detectorsaturation at va
46、por concentrations below twice the AEGL-3vapor concentration values.4.3.4 The SPCVD should indicate the vapor concentrationof the chemical(s) present in absolute quantities (for example,ppm or mg/m3).4.4 Response TimeThe SPCVD shall detect and alarmwithin times indicated in Table 1 for 30-min AEGL-2
47、 valuesand may optionally detect and alarm within the times for30-min AEGL-1 values and 30-min AEGL-3 values.4.5 Chemical Detection ClimateFor each of themanufacturer-documented chemical detection capabilities:4.5.1 The SPCVD shall perform within the temperate cli-mate range or the indoor climate ra
48、nge listed in Table 2;4.5.2 The SPCVD may perform within the low- or high-temperature climate ranges, or both, listed in Table 2;4.5.3 The chemical detection capabilities within each cli-mate range shall be demonstrated by tests at the temperaturesand relative humidities listed in Table 3;4.5.4 The
49、SPCVD shall perform within the range of themanufacturer-documented atmospheric pressures;4.5.5 The SPCVD should perform in the presence of tran-sient pressure pulses; and4.5.6 The manufacturer may extend the range of operation.4.6 Probability of DetectionFor each of the manufacturer-documented chemical vapors, the SPCVD shall achieve aprobability of detection of at least 90 % under any conditionwithin each of the manufacturer-documented climate range(s)as specified by 90 % lower confidence bound (see Table 4). Fora detailed explanation, see Spec
