1、Designation: E2942 15Standard Guide forSecurity of Tank Farm Installations for Compliance withSpill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC)Regulations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONFederal Regulation 40 CFR 112.3 requires an owner or operator of cer
3、tain onshore or offshorefacilities that have tanks used for storing oil to prepare a written Spill Prevention Control andCountermeasure Plan (SPCC Plan). The SPCC Plan must include a description of the securitymeasures that are implemented at the facility to prevent unauthorized access to oil handli
4、ng,processing, and storage areas. Such security measures may involve fencing, lighting and other moresophisticated systems.The SPCC rule defines Tier I and Tier II facilities. The owner/operator of Tier I and certain Tier IIfacilities may prepare and self-certify the SPCC Plan. Refer to United State
5、s Environmental ProtectionAgency - Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Spill Prevention, Control and Countermea-sure (SPCC) Rule - Stream-lined Requirements for Tier I and Tier II Qualified Facilities for aid indetermining if a particular facility is a qualified Tier I or Tier II facility.
6、If the requirements forself-certification are not met then the SPCC Plan must be certified by a Professional Engineer (P.E.)Some states do not permit self-certification of SPCC Plans and thus requires that all SPCC Plans becertified by a Professional Engineer (P.E.) The owner/operator should check w
7、ith the state engineeringlicensing board to find out if it prohibits SPCC Plan self-certification.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers fencing and lighting only. Moresophisticated security systems may be appropriate for thefacility but discussion of these types of systems is beyond thescope of this documen
8、t.1.2 The information included in this guide is intended forpetroleum bulk storage facilities. It is not intended for use withretail fueling and other motor fueling facilities, refineries,chemical plants, docks, oil production facilities, or electricpower generation, transmission, distribution and s
9、ervice centerfacilities. Fencing, lighting or other security measures designedto prevent unauthorized access to the bulk storage facility maybe components of Best Management Practices (BMPs) that thefacility uses to prevent releases of petroleum to storm waterdischarges. There are several different
10、types of fencing andlighting that can be effective. The intent of this document is tooutline a method for providing security fencing and lightingthat has been effectively used. There are other fencing andlighting methods that may be adequately effective. Somefacilities may be considered adequately s
11、ecure without fencingor lighting. An analysis of the threat level should be made todetermine the type of security system to employ.1.3 Any facilities must meet local, state, and federalbuilding, architectural, hazardous material handling andstorage, and fire protection codes.1.4 The values stated in
12、 inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A121 Specification for Metallic-Coated Carbon SteelBarbed WireA123 Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatingson Iron and Steel Products1Thi
13、s test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 onEnvironmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is thedirect responsibility of Subcommittee E50.01 on Storage Tanks.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2015. Published December 2015. DOI:10.1520/E29422For referenced AS
14、TM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
15、cken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabricA567/A567M Specification for Castings, Iron, Cobalt, andNickel-Base Alloy, for High Strength at Elevated Tem-peratures (Withdrawn 1987)3A817 Specification for Metallic-Coated Steel Wire forChain-Link Fe
16、nce Fabric and Marcelled Tension WireF626 Specification for Fence FittingsF900 Specification for Industrial and Commercial SteelSwing GatesF1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings onSteel Industrial Fence FrameworkF1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanize
17、d) Welded, for Fence StructuresF1184 Specification for Industrial and Commercial Horizon-tal Slide Gates2.2 Chain Link Fence Manufacturers Institute:4CLF SFR0111 Security Fencing Recommendations TheTested and Proven Performance of Security Grade ChainLink Fencing SystemsCLF-WLG 0110 Chain Link Fence
18、 Wind Load Guide forSelection of Line Post and Line Post SpacingCLF-PM0610 Product Manual2.3 United States Department of Transportation:5AC150/5370 10FItem F-161 Wire fence With Steel Posts (Class C and DFence)Item F-162 Chain Link Fence ItemF-163 Wildlife Deterrent Fence2.4 United States Environmen
19、tal Protection Agency:Federal Regulation 40 CFR 112 Oil Prevention PollutionOffice of Solid Waste and Emergency Response SpillPrevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) Rule Streamlined Requirements for Tier I and Tier II QualifiedFacilities2.5 Federal Standards:6Federal Specification RR-F-191K/
20、GEN Fencing, Wire andPost Metal (And Gates, Chain Link Fence Fabric, andAccessories-(General Specification)RR-F-191/1 Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-LinkFence Fabric)RR-F-191/2 Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain- LinkFence Gates)RR-F-191/3 Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-LinkFence Posts
21、, Top Rails, and Braces)RR-F-191/4 Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-LinkFence Accessories)2.6 Lighting:NFPA 70 National Electric Code Introduction, Chapter 1,Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Article 410 International Building Code Section 1205Illumination Society of North AmericaUnited States En
22、vironmental Protection Agency 40 FR112 Oil Pollution Prevention3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 foot candleis a non-SI unit of illuminance or lightintensity, abbreviated fc, lm/ft2, ft-c.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe SI unit is lux. One foot candle isapproximately equal to 10.764 lux.4. Threat Level4.1 T
23、he first step is for the owner to investigate anddetermine the perceived threat level. From that determination ajudgment on the type and extent of fencing and the type andextent of lighting can be made. Helpful references are detailedin Section 2 above. Contacting the Department of HomelandSecurity
24、(DHS) to obtain a security analysis and a vulnerabilitystudy may be helpful. Further contacting the local policedepartment or sheriff for guidance on security strategies in thelocal area based on familiarity with the threat characteristics ofthe area will be helpful.5. Fencing Systems5.1 The referen
25、ce documents describe fencing systems thatare more secure and fencing systems that are less secure. Theowner should perform a risk analysis and determine theappropriate fencing system for the facilities to be protected.NOTE 1Some fence types may be restricted by local codes.6. Fencing Details6.1 A c
26、hain-link fence is one type of fencing that has beenused successfully with the type of facilities described in 1.2.There are other fencing details that will provide adequatesecurity Refer to Appendix X1 for typical chain-link fencedetails.7. Illumination7.1 The illumination values included in Append
27、ix X2 havebeen used successfully for these types of facilities. The ownershould determine if other illumination values are better suitedto the facilities involved.7.2 Facilities should be equipped with lights to prevent actsof vandalism and to allow facility personnel to discoverdischarges that occu
28、r at night.NOTE 2Lighting may not be helpful for security where a perpetratorhas no fear of being caught and there are no patrols or other surveillance.7.3 The lighting system used to provide the required illu-mination levels should be designed to provide the averageillumination when the lighting is
29、 in operation.8. Keywords8.1 fencing; lighting; SPCC plan; tank farm security; tankfarm security fencing; tank farm security lighting3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Chain Link Fence Manufacturers Institute (CLFMI) 10015 Old Columbia Rd.Suite B215
30、Columbia, MD 21046. http:/www.chainlinkinfo.org5United States Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SEWashington, DC 20590 855-368-4200, https:/www.transportation.gov6DLA Document Services Building 4/D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia, PA19111-5094 http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/E2942 152A
31、PPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CHAIN-LINK FENCING DETAILSINTRODUCTIONThis appendix covers chain-link fencing details. It is being provided for reference only. There areother details of chain-link fence construction that may be better suited for a particular installation.X1.1 Type of FenceX1.
32、1.1 Chain-link fabric, 72 in. high, with tubular top rail,bottom tension wire, and guard top.X1.1.2 The guard top is three strands of barbed wire on 45degree extension arm turned inside.X1.1.3 If a wildlife deterrent fence is deemed necessary,refer to United States Department of Transportation, AC15
33、0/5370 Item F-163 for typical details.X1.2 MaterialsNOTE X1.1Zinc coated (hot dipped galvanized) materials are speci-fied below. Some jurisdictions may have regulations prohibiting zinccoated (hot dipped galvanized) material where zinc is regulated instormwater runoff.X1.2.1 Chain-Link Fabric:X1.2.1
34、.1 The chain-link fabric should be zinc coated (hotdipped galvanized) per Specification A392, Class 2, 2 in. mesh,and of No. 9 gauge steel wire.(1) The fabric should be weaved before galvanizing.X1.2.2 Barbed Wire:X1.2.2.1 The barbed wire should be zinc coated (hot dippedgalvanized) per Specificatio
35、n A121 Class 3, and should befabricated from two strands of No. 1212 gauge steel wire withfour point No. 14 gauge aluminum barbs spaced on 5 in.centers.X1.2.3 Bottom Tension Wire:X1.2.3.1 The bottom tension wire should be zinc coated(hot dipped galvanized) per Specification A817, Type II, Class,and
36、of No. 7 gauge steel coil tension wire.X1.2.4 Top Rail:X1.2.4.1 The top rail should be 1.660 in. O.D. SpecificationF1043 and Specification F1083 Group 1A Regular grade withType A external and internal galvanized coatings pipe withgalvanized sleeve type couplings.NOTE X1.2Omitting the top rail can ma
37、ke the fence more difficult toclimb. In this Casea7gauge coil spring wire can be installed in placeof the top rail.X1.2.4.2 One coupling in every five should havea6in.sleeve to accommodate temperature take up expansion andcontraction.X1.2.5 Bracing:X1.2.5.1 Brace rail should be 1.666 in. OD per Spec
38、ificationF1043 and Specification F1043 Group 1A standard weightgalvanized pipe with38 in. diameter galvanized truss rods andtruss tighteners.X1.2.6 Line Posts:X1.2.6.1 Line posts should be NPS 2 (2.375 in. O.D.)Specification F1043 and Specification F1083 Group 1A stan-dard weight galvanized pipe.X1.
39、2.7 Terminal Posts:X1.2.7.1 Terminal posts (end, pull, and corner posts) shouldbe NPS 212 (2.875 in. OD.) Specification F1043 and Specifi-cation F1083 Group 1A standazrd weight galvanized pipe.X1.2.8 Barbed Wire Extension Arms:X1.2.8.1 Line Post:(1) Barbed wire extension arms should be fabricated of
40、pressed steel or malleable iron per Specification F626 Type 1galvanized in accordance with Specification A123.(2) Extension arms should be able to withstand a minimumpull down of 300 lb at the end of the arm.X1.2.8.2 Terminal Posts:(1) Barbed wire arms should be fabricated of 11 gauge(minimum) press
41、ed steel or heavy malleable iron base with 11gauge (minimum) pressed steel per Specification F626 Type I.(2) Extension should be galvanized per Specification A123.(3) Extensions should be able to withstand a minimum pulldown weight of 300 lb and of the force of the barbed wirestretched to proper ten
42、sion.(4) Extensions should be securely fastened to post.X1.2.9 Gate Posts:X1.2.9.1 Gate posts should be Specification F1043 andSpecification F1043 Group 1A Regular Grade standard weightgalvanized pipe.X1.2.9.2 The size of the gate post shall be determined fromthe maximum width of single leaf gates o
43、r by one leaf ofdouble leaf gates per Specification F900.X1.2.10 Tension Bars and Bands:X1.2.10.1 Tension bars for pulling the fence fabric toterminal posts should be34 in. steel bars, hot dipped galvanizedin accordance with Specification F626.X1.2.10.2 Bands for fastening tension bars to terminal p
44、ostsshould be 11 gauge by 1 in. wide steel, hot dipped galvanizedin accordance with SpecificationF626.X1.2.11 Gates:X1.2.11.1 Swing Gates:(1) The frame should be NPS 112 (1.900 in.) OD Specifi-cation F1083 and Specification F1043 Group 1A RegularGrade standard weight galvanized pipe with galvanizedp
45、ressed steel or galvanized malleable iron corner ells, rivetedor bolted or welded corners.E2942 153(2) The internal bracing should be NPS 1 (1.666 in. OD)Specification F1083 and Specification F1043 Group 1A Regu-lar Grade standard weight galvanized pipe with38 in. diametergalvanized adjustable truss
46、. Bottom hinge should be galva-nized malleable pivot type.(3) Top hinge should allow the gate to swing 90 degrees to180 degrees.(4) The gate should be complete with padlocking device,center rest, and semi-automatic catch to secure the gate in theopen position.X1.2.12 Slide Gates:X1.2.12.1 Slide gate
47、s may be the suppliers standard forwidth of opening and vertical clearance required per Specifi-cation F1184.X1.3 InstallationX1.3.1 Installation shall meet Specification A567/A567M.X1.3.2 Posts:X1.3.2.1 Posts are set to line and grade in concrete ofsufficient depth to ensure that the fence will rem
48、ain straight,not be overturned by wind or other external forces.X1.3.2.2 Line posts and terminal post footings shall be fourtimes the largest post section up to 4 in. OD and three times forlarger outside diameters and set at least 36 in. deep.X1.3.2.3 The concrete should be rounded off to a smoothap
49、pearance approximately 2 in. above soil.X1.3.3 Fabric:X1.3.3.1 The fabric should be fastened to the top rail withNo. 9 gauge aluminum tie wires on 24 in. centers.X1.3.3.2 The fabric should be fastened to the line posts withNo. 6 gauge galvanized clip on 14 in. centers or No. 9galvanized wire on 12 in. centers.X1.3.3.3 The bottom of the fabric should be set at the top ofthe concrete.X1.3.4 Bottom Tension Wire:X1.3.4.1 The bottom tension wire should be fastened to thefabric with No.1 gauge galvanized hog clips on 24 in. centers.X1.3.5 Tension Bars:X1.3
