1、Designation: E2995 14Standard Specification forASTM Thermohydrometers with Integral Low-HazardThermometers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2995; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers glass thermohydrometers ofvarious scale graduation systems, intended for use in a varietyof ASTM
3、Test Methods.1.2 The thermohydrometers presented in this standard arenot exact replacements for the thermohydrometers in Specifi-cation E100; the thermometers have larger maximum permis-sible scale errors than do their Hg-filled counterparts. The usershould decide if these thermohydrometers are appr
4、opriate foruse in his or her application.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
5、 limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD3290 Specification for Bond and Ledger Papers for Perma-nent Records (Withdrawn 20
6、10)3E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE100 Specification for ASTM HydrometersE126 Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verifica-tion of ASTM HydrometersE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in
7、Terminology E344apply.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 ledger paper, na paper characterized by strength,high tearing resistance, eraseability, water resistance, inkreceptivity, uniformity of surface, and smoothness.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOriginally, ledger paper was used espe-cial
8、ly for pen and ink records. Most ledger papers are surfacesized, frequently subjected to appreciable wear, and must havea high degree of permanence and durability.3.2.2 length of the scale, nlength of the nominal range inthe stem, not including graduations extending above and belowthe nominal limits
9、.3.2.3 thermohydrometer, nglass hydrometer having anintegral thermometer.3.2.4 top of the thermohydrometer, ntop of the finishedinstrument.3.2.5 total length, noverall length of the finished thermo-hydrometer.4. Specifications4.1 Thermohydrometers shall conform to the detailed speci-fications in Tab
10、le 1 and to the general requirements specified inSections 515.4.2 Thermohydrometers shall conform to the inspectioncriteria found in Section 16 and the calibration and verificationcriteria found in Section 14.4.3 Thermohydrometers manufactured to previous revisionsof this specification shall retain
11、the same ASTM status as thosemeeting current specifications.4.4 At time of purchase, scale errors shall not exceed themaximum permissible scale error found in Table 1.NOTE 1CautionUsers should be aware that both temperature anddensity indications of thermohydrometers may change with roughhandling, s
12、hock, exposure to aggressive liquids, and thermal cycling,among other factors. Consequently, test results and performance obtainedat the time of manufacture may not necessarily apply throughout anextended period of use. Periodic calibration or verification of theseinstruments, in accordance with pro
13、cedures set forth in Standard TestMethod E126, is recommended1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 onTemperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Pub
14、lished December 2014. DOI:10.1520/E2995-142For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved
15、version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE 1 Specifications for ASTM ThermohydrometersAPI Gravity Thermohydrometersfor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of
16、 Similar Surface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)Thermometer Scale in BodyASTM Thermohydrometer No. Nominal API Gravity Range, degS550HL-14 -6 to +6S551HL-14 -1 to 11S552HL-14 9to21S553HL-14 19 to 31S554HL-14 29 to 41S555HL-14 39 to 51S556HL-14 49 to 61S557HL-14 59 to 71S558HL-14 69 to 81S559HL-14 79
17、to 91S560HL-14 89 to 101S561HL-14 37 to 49S562HL-14 64 to 76Thermohydrometer DimensionsTotal length, mm 374 to 387Body diameter, mm 18 to 25Stem diameter, min, mm 4.0Hydrometer ScaleStandard temperature, F 60Subdivisions, API 0.1Intermediate lines at, API 0.5Main (numbered) lines at, API 1.0Scale er
18、ror at any point not to exceed, API 0.1Length of nominal scale, mm 125 to 145Thermometer ScaleRange, F 0to150Immersion totalSubdivisions, F 2Intermediate lines at, F 10Main (numbered) lines at, F 20Scale error at any point not to exceed, F 2Scale length, mm 80 to 110Density Thermohydrometersfor Petr
19、oleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar Surface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)Thermometer Scale in BodyASTM Thermohydrometer No. Nominal Range, kg/m3at 15CS500HL-14 600 to 650S501HL-14 650 to 700S502HL-14 700 to 750S503HL-14 750 to 800S504HL-14 800 to 850S505HL-14 850 to 900S506HL-14 900 to 950S
20、507HL-14 950 to 1000S508HL-14 1000 to 1050S509HL-14 1050 to 1100S510HL-14 775 to 825Thermohydrometer DimensionsTotal length, mm 374 to 387Body diameter, mm 18 to 25Stem diameter, min, mm 4.0Hydrometer ScaleStandardization temperature, C 15Subdivisions, kg/m3at 15C 0.5Intermediate lines, kg/m3at 15C
21、1.0Number lines, kg/m3at 15C 5Main (numbered) lines, kg/m3at 15C 10Scale error at any point not to exceed, kg/m3at 15C 0.5Length of nominal scale, mm 125 to 145Thermometer ScaleRange, C -20to65Immersion totalSubdivisions, C 1Intermediate lines at, C 5Main (numbered) lines at, C 10Scale error at any
22、point not to exceed, C 1Scale length, mm 80 to 110E2995 1425. Type5.1 Thermohydrometers shall be of the constant mass,variable displacement type. Thermohydrometers shall be madeof glass, except for the scale, ballast, cement, and the thermo-metric liquid of the thermometer.5.2 The outer surface of t
23、he stem and body shall besymmetrical about the vertical axis. There shall be no unevenor unnecessary thickening of the walls, and no abrupt changesor constrictions that would hinder thorough cleaning or tend totrap air bubbles when the instrument is immersed.5.3 The thermohydrometer shall float with
24、 its axis verticalin the liquids for which it is intended.5.4 The thermohydrometer shall be thoroughly dry on theinside when sealed. The top of the stem shall be neatly roundedwithout unnecessary thickening.5.5 The glass shall be smooth, transparent, and free ofbubbles, strain patterns, cracks, or o
25、ther imperfections thatmight interfere with the use of the thermohydrometer. Theglass shall adequately resist the reaction of chemical agents towhich thermohydrometers may be exposed, and also shall havesuitable thermal properties to permit its use over the range oftemperatures to which it may be su
26、bjected. In general, glassessuitable for constructing the bulbs of thermometers are satis-factory for thermohydrometers.5.6 The API thermohydrometers are intended for use inconjunction with Test Method D287, with hydrometer readingsbeing corrected in accordance with Guide D1250, IP 200.Therefore, th
27、ese thermohydrometers shall be made of glasshaving a cubical coefficient of expansion of approximately0.000023/1C or 0.0000128/1F.6. Body6.1 The preferred shapes for thermohydrometers in thisspecification is shown in Fig. 1.7. Ballast7.1 Material used for ballast shall be secured to the lowerpart of
28、 the body, with no loose material of any sort inside thethermohydrometer. When cement is used to hold the ballastsecurely in place, this cement shall not soften below 105C(221F).7.2 If shot is used and sealed with wax, the wax shall notsoften below 105C (221F)8. Stem8.1 The stem shall be uniform in
29、cross section, with noperceptible irregularities. It shall extend at least 15 mm abovethe top graduation, and remain cylindrical for at least 3 mmbelow the lowest graduation.Thermohydrometer with Thermometer in BodyFIG. 1 Typical Thermohydrometer DesignE2995 1439. Scale9.1 The material for the scale
30、 is not specified. However, ifpaper is used, ledger paper, meeting the specifications inSpecification D3290, shall be used. The scale may be anchoredby a design which prevents it from moving; otherwise it shallbe fixed in place with a cement that will not soften below105C (221F) and will not deterio
31、rate with time. The papershall show no evidence of scorching or charring whenreceived, or after use at 105C (221F). The scale shall bestraight and without twist.10. Markings10.1 Graduation lines and inscriptions shall be in a perma-nent black marking material, such as India ink.10.2 All graduation l
32、ines shall be straight, fine lines notexceeding one fifth of the graduation interval in thickness, andin no case more than 0.2 mm. The lines shall be perpendicularto the vertical axis of the thermohydrometer. The lengths ofmain division lines, subdivision lines, and intermediate lines, ifused, shall
33、 be chosen so as to facilitate readings. The shortestlines shall be at least 2 mm long.10.3 Identification of scale increments.10.3.1 Scale graduations shall be numbered at ten scaledivision increments.10.3.2 The numeric values displayed on the numbered scalegraduations of API thermohydrometers shal
34、l be completevalues corresponding to the indicated API value.10.3.3 The numeric values displayed on the numbered scalegraduations of density thermohydrometers shall be completevalues at 50 kg m3intervals. Numeric values appearing onintermediate numbered scale divisions may be abbreviated.10.3.4 The
35、numeric values displayed on the numbered scaleof the thermometer shall be complete values.10.3.5 Scale Slippage IndicatorThere shall be a perma-nent reference mark on the stem of the thermohydrometercorresponding to the first numbered scale graduation. Anetched mark on the stem corresponding to the
36、first numberedgraduation on the scale, an ink line on the inside of the stemcorresponding to the first numbered graduation on the scale, ora length of red glass fused to the inside top of the stem andextending to the uppermost numbered graduation on the scaleare examples of acceptable means for prov
37、iding a scaleslippage indicator.11. Hydrometer Scale Units11.1 All thermohydrometers shall be graduated to readcorrectly where the plane of the level liquid surface intersectsthe stem.11.2 Thermohydrometers indicating density shall be gradu-ated to indicate the density of liquids in kg/m3at 15C.11.3
38、 API thermohydrometers shall be graduated to indicatedegrees of API gravity.12. Thermometer12.1 The thermometer shall be of the liquid-in-glass type.12.2 The thermometer fluid shall have the following char-acteristics:12.2.1 Biodegradable,12.2.2 Not appear on any suspected carcinogen list,12.2.3 Sha
39、ll equilibrate to the temperature of its environ-ment (in a stirred liquid bath) and indicate temperature plus orminus its maximum permitted scale error within five minutes atequilibrium,12.2.4 Shall permit repetition of temperature indicationwithin210 of one scale division,12.2.5 Shall be dyed to p
40、rovide good visual contrast againstthe thermometer capillary and the paper scale, and12.2.6 The dye used shall be permanent and resistant tofading from sunlight.12.3 The capillary stem shall be essentially parallel to thethermohydrometer axis.12.4 The thermometer scale material shall comply with the
41、requirements of Section 9.12.5 The thermometer scale markings shall conform to therequirements of Section 10.13. Special Inscription13.1 There shall appear on the scale or an extension thereof,or on a suitable label cemented permanently to the inside of theinstrument, an inscription that indicates t
42、he units of measure ofthe hydrometer. The thermometer shall also comply with thisrequirement.13.2 The inscription shall also indicate the ASTM thermo-hydrometer number, which shall include the (two-digit) year ofits designation or most recent revision, for example: ASTMS554HL-14.13.3 The inscription
43、 shall also include a unique serialnumber and the name or trademark of the manufacturer orvendor.14. Calibration and Verification14.1 Calibration or verification, when required, shall beperformed at three test points (approximately low, medium andhigh) on the hydrometer scale. For example, a thermoh
44、ydrom-eter with a range of 9 to 21 API shall be calibrated or verifiedat approximately 10, 15 and 20 degrees API; a thermohydrom-eter with a density range of 700 to 750 kg/m3shall becalibrated or verified at approximately 700, 725, and 750, andso forth. Calibration or verification shall be performed
45、 inaccordance with Test Method E126.14.2 Calibration or verification of the thermometer scale,when required, shall be performed at two or more test points onthe thermometer scale. Test points shall be chosen to bracketthe range of use. Calibration or verification shall be performedin accordance with
46、 Test Method E77.15. Packaging15.1 The thermohydrometer shall be supplied in suitablepackaging that will permit the viewer to visually determine thepackage contents, identified by ASTM number, range, andadditional description as appropriate.E2995 14416. Procedure for Inspections16.1 Manufacturers sh
47、all perform the following inspectionsbefore releasing finished instruments. For quality assurancepurposes a statistically robust percentage of each lot ofinstruments shall be inspected. If a Certificate of Conformance,however named, is issued for each instrument, the certificateshall state the quali
48、ty assurance procedure the manufactureruses to issue the certificate.16.2 Visual Inspection:16.2.1 Inspect the hydrometer carefully to be certain thereare no cracks, fissures, deep scratches, rough areas, or otherobvious damage to the glass. Reject the hydrometer if any ofthese defects are present.1
49、6.2.2 Inspect the hydrometer carefully for loose pieces ofballast or other foreign material within the instrument. Ifpresent, reject the instrument.16.2.3 Inspect the paper scale within the hydrometer stem.The paper scale shall be straight and without twist.16.2.4 Inspect for the presence of a scale slippage indicator.If a permitted scale slippage indicator is damaged, incorrectlypositioned, or not present, reject the instrument.16.3 Dimensional Inspection:16.3.1 Check the linear dimensions and diameters for com-pliance with the Table
