1、Designation: E3005 15Standard Terminology forBody Armor1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3005; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the yea
2、r of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The scope of this terminology is to provide a standardterminology for body armor providing protection againstballistic threats, stabbing, fragmentation, blunt impact, or acom
3、bination of threats.1.2 The intent of this terminology is to have terms,abbreviations, and formulas that are applicable across federalagencies, law enforcement and corrections agencies, testingand certification bodies, and manufacturers.1.2.1 The terminology is kept general herein and should bedefin
4、ed more specifically as needed within individual testmethods or other standards.1.3 This terminology is not intended to describe test meth-ods or performance requirements for body armor.2. Referenced Documents2.1 DOD Standard:2MIL-STD-3027 Method Standard for Performance Require-ments and Testing of
5、 Body Armor2.2 NIJ Standard:3NIJ Standard-0101.06 Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor2.3 SAAMI Standard:4SAAMI Glossary of Industry Terms3. Terminologyaccessory, na body armor component that is detachable orremovable from the body armor and is intended to provideextended area of coverage protection a
6、gainst threats that mayinclude ballistic threats, stabbing, fragmentation, bluntimpact, or a combination of threats.DISCUSSIONAccessories are typically attachments to tactical bodyarmor providing protection to areas not covered by the vest, such as theshoulders, upper arms, neck, sides, pelvis, and
7、groin. See tactical bodyarmor. See vest.ammunition, none or more loaded cartridges consisting ofcase, primer, propellant, and one or more projectiles.angle of incidence, nthe angle between the test threat line ofaim and the line normal to a reference plane based on thefront surface of the backing as
8、sembly. (Adapted from NIJ0101.06). See also obliquity.DISCUSSIONSome standards have used the terms angle of incidenceand obliquity as synonyms, but in this standard, they are defineddifferently. Fig. 1 provides examples to aid in visualizing the differencebetween angle of incidence and obliquity.are
9、al density, na measure of the mass of the armor panel perunit area, usually expressed in kilograms per square meter(kg/m2) or pound-mass per square foot (lbm/ft2).armor carrier, nSee carrier.armor panel, na component of soft body armor consisting ofprotective materials, typically enclosed in a panel
10、 cover. Seeballistic panel, blunt impact panel, stab panel. See alsopanel cover.backface deformation (BFD), nthe indentation in the back-ing material caused by a projectile impact on the test itemduring testing. Synonymous with backface signature.DISCUSSIONDetails necessary for making BFD measuremen
11、ts arespecified in individual test methods.backface signature, nSee backface deformation.backing assembly, na backing fixture filled with backingmaterial. For example, a clay block is a type of a backingassembly.backing fixture, nany apparatus designed to hold the back-ing material(s) for a specific
12、 test.backing material, nthe substance placed behind the testitem during testing.DISCUSSIONThe backing material typically provides support for thetest item, and it may act as a witness material and may provide ameasurable indication of the test item performance.ballistic panel, na type of armor pane
13、l intended to provideballistic resistance.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.04 on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. D
14、OI:10.1520/E3005-15.2Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.3Available from National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 810 7th St., NW, Washington,DC 20531, http:/nij.gov.4Available f
15、rom Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers Institute, Inc.,11 Mile Hill Rd, Newtown, Connecticut, 064702539, www.saami.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1ballistic resistance, na characteristic of protective equip
16、-ment or materials describing their ability to provide protec-tion from projectiles.blunt impact panel, na type of armor panel intended toprovide protection against impact from a blunt object.blunt impact resistance, na characteristic of protectiveequipment or materials describing their ability to p
17、rovideprotection against impact from a blunt object.body armor, nan item of personal protective equipmentintended to protect the wearer from threats that may includeballistic threats, stabbing, fragmentation, or blunt impact.DISCUSSIONLaw enforcement and corrections officers typicallyrefer to body a
18、rmor as a vest. See vest.bullet, na projectile fired from a firearm or testing apparatus.DISCUSSIONThe SAAMI definition considers bullets to be projec-tiles fired from rifled barrels, which differentiates bullets from shot,slugs, fragment simulators, and other projectiles.carrier, na garment whose p
19、rimary purpose is to retain thearmor panel(s) or plate(s) and provide a means of supportingand securing the armor panel(s) or plate(s) to the wearer.cartridge, na single assembled unit consisting of a bullet,propellant, primer, and casing. Synonymous with bination armor, na type of body armor intend
20、ed toprotect the wearer from both ballistic threats and stabbing.DISCUSSIONCombination armor is sometimes called dual-threatarmor or multiple-threat plete penetration, nthe result of a test threat impact ifone or more of the following conditions are met: (1) anyportion of a test threat, a fragment o
21、f a test threat, or afragment of the test item passes through the wear face of thetest item; (2) a hole is created through the test item; (3) thepresence of a test threat, a fragment of a test threat, or afragment of the test item is embedded or passes into thebacking material; or (4) a hole is crea
22、ted through the witnesspanel. Synonymous with perforation.DISCUSSIONThe conditions for complete penetration are specified inindividual test methods.concealable body armor, na vest designed to be worn underthe shirt (uniform or undercover) or in a carrier that lookslike a uniform shirt so that it is
23、not easily seen.DISCUSSIONConcealable body armor is also called concealablearmor.conditioning, na process that exposes an item, prior totesting, to a specified controlled environment or physicalstresses, or both.fair hit, na test threat impact (on a test item) that meets allspecified requirements in
24、 a particular test method.hard armor, nan item of personal protective equipment thatis constructed of rigid materials and is intended to protect thewearer from threats that may include ballistic threats,stabbing, fragmentation, or blunt impact, or combinationsthereof; synonymous with hard armor plat
25、e and plate.hard armor plate, nSee hard armor.in conjunction with armor, nsoft or hard armor that isdesigned to provide a specific level of ballistic protectiononly when layered with a specified model(s) of body armor.insert, na removable unit of protective material (soft armoror hard armor) intende
26、d to be placed into a special pocket ona carrier to enhance protection in a localized area.nonplanar, adjhaving features that would prevent the testitem from making full contact with a flat surface; typicallyused to describe curved plates and armor designed for femalewearers.obliquity, nthe angle be
27、tween the test threat line of aim andthe line normal to a reference plane based on features of thetest item at the point of aim. (Adapted from MIL-STD-3027.) See also angle of incidence.DISCUSSIONSome standards have used the terms angle of incidenceand obliquity as synonyms, but in this standard, th
28、ey are defineddifferently. Fig. 1 provides examples to aid in visualizing the differencebetween angle of incidence and obliquity.over velocity, nvelocity that is greater than the upper limit ofa specified range.panel cover, na covering, typically nonremovable, thatencloses the protective materials a
29、nd protects them fromenvironmental factors, such as moisture, ultraviolet light,debris, and dust.partial penetration, nany result of a test threat impact thatis not a complete penetration; synonymous with stop.FIG. 1 Examples to Aid in Visualizing the Difference Between Angle of Incidence (Example 1
30、) and Obliquity (Example 2)E3005 152perforation, nSee complete penetration.plate, nSee hard armor.projectile, nan object launched by external force.propellant, nin ammunition, the chemical mixture which,when ignited by a primer, generates gas that propels theprojectile from the firearm or testing ap
31、paratus.residual velocity, nthe velocity at which a projectile exitsthe rear surface of a test item.round, nSee cartridge.shoot pack, na test item prepared with materials, or withmaterials and construction features, utilized in body armor,but not intended to be worn as body armor or an accessory.DIS
32、CUSSIONThe shape, dimensions, or area of a shoot pack, orcombinations thereof, may be specified by the test method.DISCUSSIONAshoot pack may be designed to simulate a body armoror an accessory.shotshell, na single, assembled unit consisting of propellant,primer, wad, shell (that is, casing), and eit
33、her multiple pelletsor one slug, for use in a shotgun.shot-to-edge distance, nthe distance from the center of theprojectile impact to the nearest test item edge.shot-to-shot distance, nthe distance from the center of theprojectile impact to the center of any other projectile impacton the test item.s
34、mall arms, nportable firearms, typically includinghandguns, shotguns, rifles, and light machine guns.DISCUSSIONThere is no universally accepted definition of smallarms. Some military organizations do not consider handguns to besmall arms.soft armor, nan item of personal protective equipmentconstruct
35、ed of pliable/flexible materials intended to protectthe wearer from threats that may include ballistic threats,stabbing, fragmentation, or blunt imact.soft body armor, nSee soft armor.stab panel, na type of armor panel intended to provide stabresistance.stab resistance, na characteristic of protecti
36、ve equipment ormaterials describing their ability to provide protection fromsharp or pointed objects, or both, which may include edgedblades, spikes, and ice picks.stop, nSee partial penetration.strike face, nthe surface of an armor panel or plate intendedto face the incoming threat.tactical body ar
37、mor, na vest designed to be worn over theuniform shirt in a load bearing carrier that accepts variousequipment.DISCUSSIONEquipment may include holsters, magazines, radios, oraccessories.test item, na single article intended for testing.DISCUSSIONExamples may include one panel, one plate, or oneshoot
38、 pack.test threat, nthe projectile, edged blade, spike, or otherobject that is used in laboratory testing to impact the testitem at a specific velocity or energy to assess performance ofbody armor.trauma pack, na soft insert intended to reduce backfacedeformation due to a ballistic impact.trauma pla
39、te, na hard insert intended to reduce backfacedeformation due to a ballistic impact.under velocity, nvelocity that is less than the lower limit ofa specified range.unfair hit, na test threat impact that does not meet thespecified requirements in a particular test method for impactlocation and spacin
40、g, velocity, obliquity, or yaw.vest, na type of body armor intended to protect the wearerstorso.Vx, nthe velocity at which x % of the impacts by a specifiedtest threat are expected to completely penetrate nominallyidentical test items when tested according to a specified testmethod.V0,nthe maximum v
41、elocity at which 0 % of the impacts bya specified test threat are expected to completely penetratenominally identical test items when tested according to aspecified test method.V05,nthe velocity at which 5 % of the impacts by aspecified test threat are expected to completely penetratenominally ident
42、ical test items when tested according to aspecified test method.V50,nthe velocity at which 50 % of the impacts by aspecified test threat are expected to completely penetratenominally identical test items when tested according to aspecified test method.wear face, nthe surface of an armor panel or pla
43、te that isintended to be placed against or proximal to the wearersbody.witness panel, na sheet of material placed in a specificlocation and orientation to determine complete or partialpenetration of the test item or to determine other perfor-mance characteristics of the test item or projectile.DISCU
44、SSIONThe requirements for the witness panel are specified inindividual test methods.yaw, nthe angular deviation between the projectiles axis ofsymmetry and its line of travel.4. Keywords4.1 body armor; hard armor; soft armorE3005 153ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any
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