1、Designation: E3020 15E3020 16Standard Practice forIgnition Sources1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3020; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indica
2、tes the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a series of ignition sources that have been used and that are potentially applicable to assessingfire-test-response characteristics resulti
3、ng from the ignition of materials, products, or assemblies.1.2 This practice does not identify which of the ignition sources described is applicable to any specific use since that is afunction of the associated fire hazard (see also 5.2).1.3 This practice is not necessarily comprehensive and it is p
4、ossible that other applicable ignition sources exist (see also 5.3).1.4 This practice describes both flaming and non-flaming ignition sources, since the outcome of a non-flaming ignition can bethe eventual flaming ignition of these materials or products (see also 4.2).1.5 This practice does not prov
5、ide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous.Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.8 This standard is used to measure
6、and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 This practice contai
7、ns notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding thosein tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard in referee decisions. No other units of measurement are i
8、ncludedin this standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for further details.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the app
9、licability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal PositionD1929 Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of PlasticsD3675 Test Method for Surface Flamm
10、ability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy SourceD3874 Test Method for Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire SourcesD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsD5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20mm (50W) and 125mm (500W) Test
11、 Flames for Small-Scale Burning Tests onPlastic MaterialsD5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables WhenBurning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD5537 Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Los
12、s Testing of Insulating MaterialsContained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.33 on Fire Safety Engineering.Cur
13、rent edition approved Aug. 1, 2015June 1, 2016. Published September 2015August 2016. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 asE3020-15. DOI: 10.1520/E30201510.1520/E302016.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Servic
14、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous
15、version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Interna
16、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6194 Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of MaterialsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750CE162
17、Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Mater
18、ialsE906/E906M Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile MethodE1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread PropertiesE1352 Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture AssembliesE1353
19、Test Methods for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered FurnitureE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered FurnitureE1590 Test Method for Fire Testi
20、ng of MattressesE1623 Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using anIntermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)E1822 Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked ChairsE1995 Test Method for Measurement of Smoke Obscuration Using a Conical Radiant Sourc
21、e in a Single Closed Chamber, Withthe Test Specimen Oriented HorizontallyE2058 Test Methods for Measurement of Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)E2187 Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of CigarettesE2574/E2574M Test Method for Fire Testing of School Bus Seat
22、 AssembliesIEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Standards:3IEEE 383 IEEE Standard for Qualifying Class 1E Electric Cables and Field Splices for Nuclear Power G
23、enerating StationsIEEE 1202 IEEE Standard for Flame Testing of Cables for Use in Cable Tray in Industrial and Commercial Occupancies2.3 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standards:4ISO 871 PlasticsDetermination of Ignition Temperature Using a Hot-Air FurnaceISO 5657 Reaction to Fi
24、re TestsIgnitability of Building Products Using a Radiant Heat SourceISO 5659-2 PlasticsSmoke Generation Part 2: Determination of Optical Density by a Single-Chamber TestISO 5660-1 Reaction to Fire TestsHeat Release, Smoke Production and Mass Loss RatePart 1: Heat Release (ConeCalorimeter Method)ISO
25、 8191-1 FurnitureAssessment of the Ignitability of Upholstered FurniturePart 1: Ignition Source: Smouldering CigaretteISO 8191-2 FurnitureAssessment of the Ignitability of Upholstered FurniturePart 2: Ignition Source: Match FlameEquivalentISO 9705 Reaction to Fire TestsFull-Scale Room Test for Surfa
26、ce ProductsISO 12863 Standard Test Method for Assessing the Ignition Propensity of CigarettesISO 12949 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Heat Release Rate of Low Flammability Mattresses and Mattress SetsISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary2.4 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standards
27、:5IEC 60332-1-2 Tests on Electric and Optical Fibre Cables Under Fire ConditionsPart 1-2: Test for Vertical Flame Propagationfor a Single Insulated Wire or CableProcedure for 1 kW Pre-mixed FlameIEC 60332-2-1 Tests on Electric and Optical Fibre Cables Under Fire ConditionsPart 2-1: Test for Vertical
28、 Flame Propagationfor a Single Small Insulated Wire or Cable ApparatusIEC 60332-3-10 Tests on Electric and Optical Fibre Cables Under Fire ConditionsPart 3-10: Test for Vertical Flame Spreadof Vertically-mounted Bunched Wires or CablesApparatusIEC 60695-2-10 Fire Hazard TestingPart 2-10: Glowing/Hot
29、-Wire Based Test MethodsGlow-WireApparatus and CommonTest ProcedureIEC 60695-2-11 Fire Hazard TestingPart 2-11: Glowing/Hot-Wire Based Test MethodsGlow-Wire Flammability TestMethod for End-ProductsIEC/TS 60695-2-20 Fire Hazard TestingPart 2-20: Glowing/Hot-Wire Based Test MethodsHot Wire Ignition Te
30、stApparatus, Confirmatory Test Arrangement and Guidance3 Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), 445 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141, http:/www.ieee.org.4 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56,
31、CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.5 Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de Varemb, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.E3020 162IEC TS 60695-11-2 Fire Hazard TestingPart 11-2: Test Flames1 kW Nominal Pre-Mixed FlameApparat
32、us, ConfirmatoryTest Arrangement and GuidanceIEC TS 60695-11-3 Fire Hazard TestingPart 11-3: Test Flames50 W FlameApparatus and Confirmational Test MethodsIEC TS 60695-11-4 Fire Hazard TestingPart 11-4: Test Flames50 W FlameApparatus and Confirmational Test Methods2.5 National Fire Protection Associ
33、ation (NFPA) Standards:6NFPA260 Methods ofTests and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered FurnitureNFPA 261 Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition bySmoldering CigarettesNFPA 262 Method
34、 of Test for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-Handling SpacesNFPA 265 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile or Expanded Vinyl Wall Coveringson Full Height Panels and WallsNFPA 270 Test Method for Measurement of Smoke Obscuration Using
35、a Conical Radiant Source in a Single Closed ChamberNFPA 286 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire GrowthNFPA 287 Test Methods for Measurement of Flammability of Materials in Cleanrooms Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus(FPA)NFPA 289 Method
36、 of Fire Test for Individual Fuel PackagesNFPA 701 Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films2.6 Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standards:7UL 94 Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and AppliancesUL 1040 Fire Test of Insulated Wall ConstructionUL 16
37、66 Test for Flame Propagation Height of Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables Installed Vertically in ShaftsUL 1685 Vertical-Tray Fire-Propagation and Smoke-Release Test for Electrical and Optical-Fiber CablesUL 1715 Standard for Fire Test of Interior Finish Material2.7 Federal Aviation Administration
38、 Standard:8Aircraft Material Fire Test Handbook DOT/FAA/AR-00/12, FAA Technical Center, April 20002.8 FM Global Standard:9FM 4880 Approval Standard for Class 1 Fire Rating of Insulated Wall or Wall and Roof/Ceiling PanelsInterior FinishMaterials or Coatings and Exterior Wall Systems2.9 U.S. Departme
39、nt of Commerce Standard:1016 CFR 1633 Standard for the Flammability (Open-Flame) of Mattresses and Mattress and Foundation Sets2.10 British Standards Institution Standard:11BS 5852 Methods of test for assessment of the ignitability of upholstered seating by smouldering and flaming ignition sources2.
40、11 California Technical Bulletins:12CAL TB 121 Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in High Risk Occupancies (1980)CAL TB 133 Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies (1991)3. Terminology3.1 Use Terminology E176 or ISO 13943 for definitions of ter
41、ms used in this test method and associated with fire issues. Wheredifferences exist in definitions, those contained in Terminology E176 shall be used.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe combustion may be evidenced by glow, flame, detonation, or explosi
42、on. The combustion may be sustained or transient. E1763.2.2 piloted ignition, nignition of combustible gases or vapors by a pilot source of ignition (compare spontaneous ignition,unpiloted ignition). E1763.2.3 pilot source of ignition, na discrete source of energy, such as, for example, a flame, spa
43、rk, electrical arc, or glowing wire(compare piloted ignition, unpiloted ignition). E1763.2.4 smoldering, ncombustion of a solid without flame, often evidenced by visible smoke.6 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org
44、.7 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http:/.8 Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http:/www.faa.gov.9 Available from FM Global, Norwood, MA, .10 Available from U.S. Consumer Prod
45、uct Safety Commission, Washington, DC, 20207.11 Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/.12 State of California, Department of ConsumerAffairs, Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation, 3485 Orange GroveAve., North Highlands, CA9
46、5660-5595.E3020 1633.2.4.1 DiscussionSmoldering can be initiated by small sources of ignition, especially in dusts or fibrous or porous materials, and may persist for anextended period of time after which a flame may be produced. E1763.2.5 spontaneous ignition, nunpiloted ignition caused by an inter
47、nal exothermic reaction (compare piloted ignition). E1763.2.6 sustained flaming, nflame on or over the surface of a test specimen that lasts longer than a defined period of time(contrast transitory flaming).3.2.6.1 DiscussionTypically, the same defined period is used to define “transitory flaming.”
48、See the specific standard test method for applicabledefined period of time. E1763.2.7 transitory flaming, nflame on or over the surface of a test specimen that does not last longer than a defined period oftime (contrast sustained flaming).3.2.7.1 DiscussionTypically, the same defined period of time
49、is used to define “sustained flaming.” See the specific standard test method for applicabledefined period of time. E1763.2.8 unpiloted ignition, nignition caused by one or more sources of energy without the presence of a pilot source of ignition(compare piloted ignition, spontaneous ignition). E1764. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes a series of standard ignition sources used in test methods, specifications, or regulations to assessfire-test-response characteristics
