1、Designation: E3086 17Standard Practice forCreating Appliques for Use in Testing of Nonplanar SoftBody Armor Designed for Females1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3086; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice specifies a procedure for creating appli-ques (that is, build-up of clay) for use behin
3、d nonplanar, softbody armor test items and affixing the appliques to the clayblock.NOTE 1This practice describes a single applique shape; additionalshapes may be described in other standards.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to specify criticalparameters for creating appliques in order to improve
4、consis-tency of the test setup between laboratories.NOTE 2In the past, testing of nonplanar soft armor has been doneeither with an unspecified buildup of clay behind the test item or with thetest item pressed flat against the clay block.1.3 This practice is applicable only to nonplanar soft bodyarmo
5、r designed for females.1.4 This practice is not applicable to hard armor test items.1.5 This practice is primarily directed toward test laborato-ries but may be applicable to body armor manufacturers,researchers, and end users performing ballistic-resistance test-ing of body armor.1.6 In this practi
6、ce, “other standards and specifications” and“unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example,military standards, purchase specifications) that require the useof this practice. Purchasers and other users are responsible forthe “other standards and specifications” and for specifying anyreq
7、uirements that supersede those of this practice.1.7 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. Where appropriate, inch-pound units are includedparenthetically for information purposes.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated w
8、ith its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E3004 Specification for Preparation and Verification of ClayBlock
9、s Used in Ballistic-Resistance Testing of Torso BodyArmorE3005 Terminology for Body Armor3. Terminology3.1 For terms not defined in this practice, the followingdefinitions of Terminology E3005 apply: backfacedeformation, backing assembly, backing fixture, backingmaterial, body armor, hard armor, non
10、planar, soft armor, testitem, and test threat.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 applique, na three-dimensional item molded frombacking material, that is shaped and sized for testing orconditioning a nonplanar test item.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSome appliques are designed for thepurpo
11、se of filling the entire space behind a nonplanar test item;other appliques are designed to assess features of a nonplanartest item.3.2.2 applique pattern, na replica of the final product (thatis, applique) used for preparing the applique mold cavity.3.2.3 mold box, na frame used in creation of the
12、mold tocontain and give shape to fluid material while it sets up.4. Significance and Use4.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department ofJustice standards for assessing the performance of ballistic-resistant torso body armor require the use of backing assem-blies made with Roma Plastilina No. 1.
13、 The creation ofappliques behind nonplanar soft armor test items must be donein a consistent manner to reduce variability within and betweenlaboratories.4.2 This practice is applicable for certification testing or forresearch and development testing.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
14、ommittee E54 on HomelandSecurity Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.04 onPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE).Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published March 2017. DOI: 10.1520/E3086-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orconta
15、ct ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standa
16、rd was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Equi
17、pment and Materials5.1 The following equipment and materials are required formaking appliques defined by this practice:5.1.1 ClayUnless specified elsewhere, the clay shall beROMA Plastilina No. 1modeling clay.5.1.2 Backing AssemblyThe backing assembly and clayused for building up behind nonplanar te
18、st items shall meet therequirements of Specification E3004.5.1.3 Applique pattern.5.1.4 Items for applique formation:5.1.4.1 Mold box.5.1.4.2 Mold-grade silicone rubber, Shore 15A hardness.5.1.4.3 Release agent.5.1.5 Draw knife or similar striking device.5.1.6 Oven for heating clay.5.1.7 Oven for st
19、oring appliques before use in testing.6. Procedure for Making Applique Molds6.1 There are five possible sizes for appliques, and eachapplique size requires a separate mold.6.2 Creating the mold requires a mold box, an appliquepattern, and silicone. The size of the mold box and appliquepattern are de
20、pendent on the size of the applique that isrequired.6.3 Create an applique pattern whose top surface conformsto the equation below and whose base is formed by the x-yplane (where z = 0). In this shape, x, y, and z represent thelength, width, and height respectively:3z 5513bx 2 a!640aSSxaD21SybD2e0.0
21、05x! 2 1D (1)6.4 Table 1 provides the values of a and b to be used in Eq1 for the corresponding applique sizes. An example of a 3Dprinted applique pattern is shown in Fig. 1.TABLE 1 Parameters for Different Applique SizesApplique SizeDesignationa (mm) b (mm)A-1 (smallest) 69.189 53.222A-2 76.740 59.
22、031A-3 84.291 64.839A-4 91.842 70.648A-5 (largest) 99.393 76.456NOTE 3Tolerances on the applique pattern, if required, will bespecified in other standards or specifications.6.5 Build a mold box based on the approximate insidedimensions provided in Table 2. The box shall be made from arigid material,
23、 such as metal or wood.NOTE 4The mold box does not require a top or a bottom.6.5.1 Place the mold box on a flat, rigid, non-porous surface(for example, a table top), and place the applique pattern intothe mold box, relatively centered and flat side down. See Fig.2 for a graphic showing the mold box
24、and applique pattern inposition on a flat surface.6.5.2 Coat the applique pattern with two coats of releaseagent applied at least five minutes apart or at timing specifiedby the manufacturer.6.5.3 Fill the mold box completely with silicone, removeany excess at the top surface with a draw knife, and
25、clean anysilicone from the edges of the mold box.6.5.4 Allow the silicone to cure per manufacturer instruc-tions.6.5.5 Turn the mold box over, and remove the appliquepattern, but do not remove the mold from the mold box. Anexample of a completed mold is shown in Fig. 3.7. Procedure for Creating the
26、Applique7.1 Using clay that has been heated and worked to make itmore malleable, work the clay by hand into small piecesapproximately the size of a golf ball.7.2 Press one small piece into the deepest part of the moldand spread it across the surface, taking care to not introducevoids at the clay-to-
27、mold interface.7.3 Press another small piece of clay into the mold, takingcare not to dislodge previously pressed in clay because the clay3The equation provided here is a simplified version of the equation described,with its derivation, in the following paper: Stoe, D., Otterson, D., (2016) Research
28、,Testing, and Standards for Body Armor Designed for Women Law EnforcementOffcers, Personal Armour Systems Symposium, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Septem-ber 20, 2016.FIG. 1 Example of 3D Printed Applique Pattern Resting on its BaseE3086 172tends to slip within the mold and must be held in place.Continue
29、this process until the mold is filled with clay, and theclay extends beyond the surface of the mold.7.4 Use a draw knife, or similar device, in contact with twoparallel edges of the mold box to strike the clay to create aplanar surface.7.5 Invert the mold and remove the applique onto anappropriately
30、 sized flat surface on which the applique can restduring conditioning.7.6 Voids apparent in the surface of the applique should berepaired by hand.NOTE 5Small imperfections in the clay surface are acceptable.7.7 Condition the applique for a minimum of3hinachamber having conditions as specified in Spe
31、cification E3004.8. Procedure for Affixing the Applique to the Clay Block8.1 Remove two appliques from the conditioning chamber.8.2 Unless the orientation and spacing of the appliques isspecified in other standards or specifications, position theappliques on the clay block side-by-side with their ba
32、sestouching. Fig. 4 shows one potential configuration of appliquesinstalled on a clay block.NOTE 6For the purposes of exploiting perceived weak points, anyin-plane rotation of the configuration shown in Fig. 4 is consideredacceptable.8.3 Hand form warm clay into a long, thin strip. Place thestrip ar
33、ound the perimeter of each applique at the interface withthe clay block, and press the clay strip into the interface toensure that the appliques remain adhered to the clay blockduring testing.NOTE 7Care is required to ensure that the shape of the applique is notsignificantly changed during affixing
34、it to the clay block.9. Keywords9.1 ballistic testing; nonplanar; soft body armorTABLE 2 Inside Dimensions of the Mold BoxBox Designation Length Width HeightA-1 152 mm (6 in.) 121 mm (434 in.) 57 mm (214 in.)A-2 165 mm (612 in.) 133 mm (514 in.) 64 mm (212 in.)A-3 181 mm (718 in.) 146 mm (534 in.) 7
35、0 mm (234 in.)A-4 197 mm (734 in.) 159 mm (614 in.) 73 mm (278 in.)A-5 213 mm (838 in.) 171 mm (634 in.) 79 mm (318 in.)E3086 173FIG. 2 Mold Box and Applique Pattern in Position on a Flat Surface (Applique Pattern is Resting on its Base)FIG. 3 Example of a Completed MoldE3086 174ASTM International t
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38、essed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at
39、the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (
40、phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 4 Photograph of Appliques Installed on a Clay BlockE3086 175
