1、Designation: E3104 17Standard Specification forStrippable the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates a
2、n editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification is intended to provide a basis foridentification of strippable/removable materials used to immo-bilize radioactive contamination, minimize worker exposure,and facilitate subsequent decontamination or to protect u
3、ncon-taminated areas against the spread of radioactive contamina-tion.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standa
4、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standar
5、d was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Refe
6、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings UsingPortable Adhesion TestersD4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserE2731 Specification for M
7、aterials to Mitigate the Spread ofRadioactive Contamination after a Radiological Disper-sion Event3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 contamination, nradioactive material in an un-wanted location.3.1.2 decontamination, nremoval of contamination froman unwanted location.3.1.3 decontamination system,
8、none or more products orprocedures, or both, that, when used together, form a stabiliz-ing material to hold or bind radioactive contamination forsubsequent removal from the substrate.3.1.4 environmental conditions, nexternal factors thatmay contribute to the performance of the coating including, but
9、not limited to, temperature, humidity, and ventilation.3.1.5 immobilize, vto fix in place; to prevent movement orre-aerosolization of particulates due to mechanical or environ-mental forces such as by tracking, precipitation, or wind.(E273109)3.1.6 lower flammability limit (LFL), nthe lower end ofth
10、e concentration range over which a flammable mixture of gasor vapor in air can be ignited at a given temperature andpressure.3.1.7 removable coating, nproducts that fall outside thepurview of strippable coatings, that is, products that aretemporary coatings and removed through methods other thanstri
11、pping, that are used to physically or chemically hold or bindradioactive particulate that may also be capable of subsequentremoval of radioactive contamination.3.1.8 strippable coating, ndurable film-forming productused to physically or chemically hold or bind radioactiveparticulate that may also be
12、 capable of subsequent removal ofradioactive contamination.3.1.9 waste acceptance criteria (WAC), nthe criteria that amaterial must meet for acceptance in a waste disposal site;these criteria may vary per disposal site.3.1.10 working time, nthe time period between the open-ing of the material storag
13、e container or mixing of componentsuntil the prepared material can no longer be successfullyapplied to a surface.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 onNuclear Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee E10.03 on Radiological Protecti
14、on for Decontamination and Decommission-ing of Nuclear Facilities and Components.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. DOI: 10.1520/E3104172For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book o
15、f ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized
16、 principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Significance and Use4.1 Some of these specifications may prove dif
17、ficult to meet.A product that meets some, but not all, of the performancespecifications herein may have value, and this specificationmay be used as a guide by which to evaluate such products.4.2 This specification establishes performance specifica-tions for a coating that is intended to immobilize d
18、ispersibleradioactive contamination deposited on buildings and equip-ment as might result from anticipated to unanticipated events toinclude normal operating conditions, post-operational cleanout(decontamination), decommissioning, and radiological release.4.3 The strippable/removable coating is inte
19、nded to beremovable during subsequent decontamination operations. It isintended to reduce: (1) migration of the contamination into oralong buildings, equipment, and other surfaces; (2) resuspen-sion of contamination into the air; and (3) the spread ofcontamination as a result of external forces such
20、 as pedestriantraffic.4.4 The strippable/removable coating is intended to reducethe airborne intake hazards of the radioactive contamination.4.5 The strippable/removable coating shall be applicable toboth vertical and horizontal surfaces.4.6 The strippable/removable coating should be able towork wit
21、hin a range of environmental and radiological condi-tions.4.7 The strippable/removable coating should be readilyapplied to both porous and nonporous materials such asconcrete, wood, metal, ceramics, and plastics.4.8 The strippable/removable coating may include constitu-ents that will physically or c
22、hemically bind and immobilizeradioactive contamination.4.9 The strippable/removable coating shall allow for con-trolled removal from the site or equipment. The strippable/removable coating and the method for controlled removalshould result in minimal or no destruction or disfigurement ofthe substrat
23、e.4.10 An additional feature that would be desirable would bethe ability to act as a decontamination system when it issubsequently removed. It is expected that a certain amount ofcontamination will be removed from the treated surface as afunction of removing the strippable/removable coating, thereby
24、accomplishing some degree of decontamination.5. Mechanical Properties5.1 The strippable/removable coating shall be compatiblewith at least one of the following application systems: conven-tional or remote spray, foam, brush, fog, or roll.5.2 The strippable/removable coating shall immobilize ra-dioac
25、tive contamination physically, chemically, or both.5.3 The strippable/removable coating shall have sufficientmechanical properties to withstand long-term wear associatedwith incidental abrasion and abrasive foot traffic that are likelyto cause resuspension or transport of the stabilized contami-nant
26、.5.4 The strippable/removable coating should be applicableto the desired surface without significant surface preparation(cleaning, sanding, primer layer, etc.)6. Chemical Properties6.1 The strippable/removable coating shall not include norgenerate toxic by-products as defined by the U.S. Occupationa
27、lSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) during preparation,application, or removal under normal conditions.ASafety DataSheet must be provided so that appropriate personal protectiveequipment can be selected.6.2 The strippable/removable coating shall not generateflammable by-products above 20 % of t
28、he lower flammabilitylimit (LFL).6.3 The strippable/removable coating shall be non-volatileafter curing with respect to chemical interaction under normaloperating conditions.6.4 The strippable/removable coating shall maintain a nearneutral pH (5-8).6.5 The strippable/removable coating shall not stai
29、n thesubstrate upon which it is applied.6.6 The strippable/removable coating should not attract orbe a foodstuff for animals, insects, pests, or undesirablebacteria.6.7 The strippable/removable coating shall be chemicallynonhazardous after curing as defined by the U.S. Environmen-tal Protection Agen
30、cy (EPA).7. Performance Requirements7.1 Shelf LifeThe strippable/removable coating shall havea shelf life in accordance with 8.1.7.2 Working TimeThe strippable/removable coating shallexhibit a working time sufficient to meet a realistic applicationrate. Working time is heavily dependent on the metho
31、d ofapplication. The application method is purposely left uncon-strained and is up to the manufacturer to prescribe.7.3 Cure TimeThe strippable/removable coating shall ex-hibit a curing time sufficient to meet realistic operational andenvironmental conditions (that is, 24 h).The strippable/removable
32、 coating shall form a film that meets the physical,mechanical, and other requirements listed in Sections 48 ofthis specification.7.4 The strippable/removable coating shall prevent releaseof radioactive particles when applied to the following surfacescommonly found in a working environment under norm
33、al wearconditions: concrete, asphalt, granite, limestone, brick,aluminum, stainless steel, painted and unpainted steel, paintedand unpainted wood, glass, and plastic.7.5 The strippable/removable coating shall maintain a filmsuch that significant amounts of respirable particles (10 m)of the coating m
34、aterial are not generated during abrasion,impact, or earthquake.7.6 The strippable/removable coating shall be removable bypeeling or scrubbing.E3104 1727.7 The strippable/removable coating must be compliantwith waste acceptance criteria (WAC) for anticipated finaldisposition site. The strippable/rem
35、ovable coating should beeasily segregated to allow for ease of waste package such thatcompliance with WAC can be easily satisfied.8. Minimum Performance Criteria8.1 Shelf LifeMinimum of 2 years.8.2 Tensile Strength (Test Method D412)200 psi (1378.9kPa).8.3 Adhesion (Test Method D4541)50 psi (345 kPa
36、) onconcrete under normal environmental conditions.8.4 Abrasion Resistance (Test Method D4060)0.002 oz(50 mg) loss.8.5 Dry/Cure TimeForms film satisfying the above me-chanical criteria within 24 h of application.8.6 Decontamination Factor (DF)No minimum, howevera desirable decontamination factor wou
37、ld be 2.0.8.7 Airborne Release FractionNo minimum, however adesirable characteristic would be to provide 95 % immobili-zation of particles when disturbed by 50 psi air burst.9. Keywords9.1 cleanup; contain; encapsulate; immobilize; radioactivecontamination; radionuclide; removable coating; resuspens
38、ion;strippable coatingBIBLIOGRAPHY(1) ANS Glossary of Terms in Nuclear Science and Technology, Ameri-can Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL, 1986.(2) Ebadian, M. A., “Assessment of strippable coatings for decontami-nation and decommissioning,” Jan. 1, 1998, available at http:/www.osti.gov/bridge/se
39、rvlets/purl/665907-mIQzIw/webviewable/665907.pdf.(3) Tripp, J., Archibald, K., Lauerhass, L., Argyle, M., and Demmer, R.,“Cleaning and Decontamination Using Strippable and ProtectiveCoatings at the Idaho National Engineering and EnvironmentalLaboratory,” March 1, 1999, available at http:/www.osti.go
40、v/bridge/servlets/purl/8239-A64q4z/webviewable/8239.pdf.(4) United States of America. Department of Energy. Office ofEnvironment, Health, Safety or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 173
