1、Designation: E3152 18Standard Guide forStandard Test Methods and Practices Available forDetermining Antifungal Activity on Natural or SyntheticSubstrates Treated with Antimicrobial Agents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3152; the number immediately following the designation indi
2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides information on various
3、 test methodscurrently available to assess antifungal activity on natural orsynthetic substrates.1.2 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is requiredfor the practice of this guide.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is there
4、sponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5、ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance
6、 ofInsulation Materials and FacingsD2020 Test Methods for Mildew (Fungus) Resistance ofPaper and Paperboard (Withdrawn 2009)3D3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on theSurface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-berD3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Teststhe
7、Susceptibility of Paint Films to MicrobiologicalAttackD4141/D4141M Practice for Conducting Black Box andSolar Concentrating Exposures of CoatingsD4300 Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films toSupport or Resist the Growth of FungiD4445 Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstainand Mold o
8、n Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)D4576 Test Method for Mold Growth Resistance of WetBlue and Wet WhiteD4783 Test Methods for Resistance of Adhesive Prepara-tions in Container to Attack by Bacteria, Yeast, and FungiD5259 Test Method for Isolation and Enumeration of En-terococci from Water by th
9、e Membrane Filter ProcedureD5590 Test Method for Determining the Resistance of PaintFilms and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement byAccelerated Four-Week Agar Plate AssayD6329 Guide for Developing Methodology for Evaluatingthe Ability of Indoor Materials to Support MicrobialGrowth Using Static Env
10、ironmental ChambersD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6974 Practice for Enumeration of Viable Bacteria andFungi in Liquid FuelsFiltration and Culture ProceduresD7436 Classification System for Unfilled Polyethylene Plas-tics Molding and Extrusion Materials with a Fractio
11、nalMelt Index Using ISO Protocol and MethodologyD7855/D7855M Test Method for Determination of MoldGrowth on Coated Building Products Designed for Inte-rior Applications Using an Environmental Chamber andIndirect InoculationD7910 Practice for Collection of Fungal Material FromSurfaces by Tape LiftE13
12、26 Guide for Evaluating Non-culture MicrobiologicalTestsE2111 Quantitative Carrier Test Method to Evaluate theBactericidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal, and SporicidalPotencies of Liquid ChemicalsE2197 Quantitative Disk Carrier Test Method for Determin-ing Bactericidal, Virucidal, Fungicidal, Mycob
13、actericidal,and Sporicidal Activities of ChemicalsE2471 Test Method for Using Seeded-Agar for the Screen-ing Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity In Carpets1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on Pesticides,Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct respo
14、nsibility ofSubcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. DOI: 10.1520/E3152182For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i
15、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard
16、 was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1E2722 Tes
17、t Method for Using Seeded-Agar for the Screen-ing Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity in Fabric andAir Filter MediaF1094 Test Methods for Microbiological Monitoring ofWater Used for Processing Electron and MicroelectronicDevices by Direct Pressure Tap Sampling Valve and bythe Presterilized Plastic
18、Bag MethodG21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Poly-meric Materials to Fungi2.2 AATCC Standards:4AATCC 30-2015 Antifungal Activity, Assessment on TextileMaterials: Mildew and Rot Resistance of Textile MaterialsAATCC TM 90-2016 Antimicrobial Activity Assessment ofTextile Materials: Ag
19、ar Plate MethodAATCC 174 (Part III)-2016 Antimicrobial Activity Assess-ment of Carpets2.3 AWPA Standards:5AWPA E10-11 Standard Method of Testing Wood Preserva-tives by Laboratory Soil-Block CulturesAWPA E24-15 Standard Method of Evaluating the Resis-tance of Wood Product Surfaces to Mold Growth2.4 B
20、Si Standards:6BS 3900:Part G6:1989 British Standard Methods of test forpaints Part G6. Assessment of resistance to fungal growthBS EN 113:1997 Wood preservatives Test method fordetermining the protective effectiveness against wooddestroying basidiomycetes Determination of the toxicvaluesBS EN 1104:2
21、005 Paper and Board intended to come intocontact with foodstuffs Determination of the transfer ofantimicrobial constituents2.5 ISO Standards:7ISO 846 Evaluation of the Action of Microorganisms onPlasticsISO 16000 Indoor Air Sampling Strategy for MouldsISO 16256 Clinical Laboratory Testing and in-vit
22、ro diagnos-tic test systems Reference method for testing the in vitroactivity of antimicrobial agents against yeast fungi in-volved in infectious disease2.6 JIS Standards:JIS K 1571:2010 Test methods for determining the effective-ness of wood preservatives and their performance require-ments2.7 Othe
23、r Standards:Ford Motor Company SpecificationMIL-STD-810G Method 508.6 FungusTAPPI T-487 Fungus Resistance of Paper and Paperboard3. Significance and Use3.1 Fungi are known to produce objectionable odors, stains,and premature biodeterioration of various consumer productsand construction substrates in
24、cluding textiles, carpet, ceilingtile, gypsum wallboard, lumber, and plasticized vinyl and otherpolymers.3.2 Antifungal activity is typically:3.2.1 Determination of article susceptibility to fungalcolonization,3.2.2 Determination of fungistatic activity (qualitative de-termination of prevented or de
25、layed fungal colonization), and3.2.3 Determination of fungicidal/sporicidal activity (quan-titative determination of spore kill).3.3 The degree of required surface examination varies fromgross visual examination to detailed microscopic assessmentamong these methods.3.4 This guide provides an overvie
26、w of established methodsand suggestions for their applicability, with consideration tothe type of substrate treated or the type of antifungal treatmentbeing assessed.4. Methods OverviewASTM Standards4.1 C1338-14 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resis-tance of Insulation Materials and Facings (Quali
27、tative measureof susceptibility and/or fungistatic activity)4.1.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofthe ability of new insulation materials and their facings tosupport fungal growth.4.1.2 Significance and Use:4.1.2.1 The type of materials used in the manufacture ofinsulation products
28、and the type of membrane used to facethese products can sometimes affect fungi sustenance in thepresence of high humidity.4.1.2.2 This test method is used to determine the relativeability of an insulation and its facing to support or resist fungalgrowth under conditions favorable for their developme
29、nt.4.1.2.3 This test method uses a comparative material todetermine the relative ability of a material to support fungalgrowth. In some specialized product areas, it is required that nogrowth takes place. In such cases, the use of the comparativematerial is omitted and the pass/fail criterion is bas
30、ed upongrowth.4.2 D2020-92(2003) Test Methods for Mildew (Fungus)Resistance of Paper and Paperboard4.2.1 ScopeThese test methods cover the qualitative de-termination of mildew (fungus) resistance of paper andpaperboard, particularly those types which have been given afungus resistant treatment.4.2.2
31、 Significance and UsePaper products used or storedin damp warm atmospheres or in contact with damp soil aresubject to attack by fungus and other microorganisms. Thesetest methods cover procedures for evaluating the degree andpermanency of protection to attack by paper treatments.4.2.3 Summary of the
32、 PracticeThis test includes two testmethods which can be used singly or in combination. Method4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http:/www.aatcc.org.5Available from American Wood Protection Association
33、 (AWPA), P.O. Box361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http:/.6Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/.7Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E3152 182A
34、involves direct inoculation of pure test cultures on non-sterile specimens. Method B involves burying test samples indirect contact with soil.4.2.3.1 Method A is an accelerated screen of both suscepti-bility and fungistatic activity. Samples are placed on plates ofmineral-salt agar (nutrient salts a
35、gar) and tested against Asper-gillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Chaetomium globosum.4.2.3.2 Assessment of the samples is performed at leastonce prior to seven days of incubation and again after sevendays of incubation. If no growth is observed on specimens afterseven days the samples are incuba
36、ted an additional week.(1) Samples are rated as fungal resistant, not fungalresistant, or moderately fungal resistant.4.2.3.3 Method B is an accelerated screen where samplesare buried in soil for two weeks. Samples are rated after burialthe samples are removed, cleaned, dried, and tensile breakingst
37、rength determined.4.3 D3273-16 Test Method for Resistance to Growth ofMold on the Surface of Interior Coatings in an EnvironmentalChamber (Qualitative measure of susceptibility and fungistaticactivity)4.3.1 ScopeThis test method describes a small environ-mental chamber and the conditions of operatio
38、n to evaluatereproducibly in a 4-week period the relative resistance of paintfilms to surface mold fungi, mildew growth in a severe interiorenvironment. The apparatus is designed so it can be easily builtof obtained by any interested party.4.3.1.1 This test method can be used to evaluate the com-par
39、ative resistance of interior coating to accelerated mildewgrowth. Performance at a certain rating does not imply anyspecific period of time for a fungal free coating. However, abetter rated coating nearly always performs better in actual enduse.4.3.1.2 Temperature and humidity must be effectively co
40、n-trolled within the relatively narrow limits specified in order forthe chamber to function reproducibly during the short testperiod. Severity and rate of mold growth on a film is a functionof the moisture content of both the film and the substrate.4.3.2 Significance and UseAn accelerated test for d
41、eter-mining the resistance of interior coatings to mold growth isuseful in estimating the performance of coatings designed foruse in interior environments that promote mold growth and inevaluating compounds that may inhibit such growth and theaggregate levels for their use.4.3.3 Summary of MethodThi
42、s method is favored forcreating environmental conditions that are conducive for moldgrowth. Use of potting soil along with a mixed fungal sporeinoculum mimics exposures in soiled and humid environments.4.3.3.1 Typical industry modifications to this method in-clude evaluation of a variety of substrat
43、es beyond interiorcoatings. These include wood, ceiling tile, gypsum wall board,fabrics and carpet.4.3.3.2 This method is useful for identification of moldsusceptible components of a product.4.3.3.3 The environmental chamber creates an environmentthat poses a “worst case scenario” for an incorporate
44、d antifun-gal agent. The method also may be useful in assessingdurability of such treatments.4.4 D3456-12 Practice for Determining by Exterior Expo-sure Tests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to MicrobiologicalAttack (qualitative assessment of microbiological disfigure-ment of exterior paint films;
45、 mold, bacterial or algal)4.4.1 ScopeThis practice provides guidelines for deter-mining the susceptibility of paint films to microbiologicalattack on exterior exposure. While it is recognized that variousorganisms may occur on an exposed coating, the specific typesof organisms are mainly of academic
46、 interest. The degree towhich microbiological discoloration occurs is the primaryconcern.4.4.2 Summary of the PracticeSimple observation of acoated object subjected to exterior exposure is considered apractical and reliable method for determining the degree thatmicroorganisms discolor the coating. H
47、owever, this applies toa specific coated object exposed under a given set of condi-tions. It should be recognized that there are critical factors thatinfluence the amount of fungal growth that may occur on thesame coated object when exposed to other conditions. Thesefactors include the geographic lo
48、cation, local atmosphericconditions such as the dust and pollen content of the air, angleof exposure, degree to which the coating is subjected toweathering, effects of moisture and sunlight, the substrates onwhich the coating is applied, and the coatings in the paintsystem under test. The latter fac
49、tor includes the stability of thecoating while packaged in the container, as well as thecomposition of the coatings included in the total system and thethickness of each coating applied. Thus, while microorganismsoccur on the surface of the last film applied, the degree ofmicrobiological growth that will occur is also influenced by thecomposition of the undercoats. All the above factors should beconsidered in the selection of a coating resistant to discolor-ation by microorganisms.4.5 D4141/D4141M-14 Practice for Conducting Acceler-at
