1、Designation: F 109 04Standard Terminology Relating toSurface Imperfections on Ceramics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology describes and illustrates imperfectionsobserved on whitewares and related products. For additionaldefinitions of terms relati
3、ng to whitewares and related prod-ucts, refer to Terminology C 242. To observe these defects,examination shall be performed visually, with or without theaid of a dye penetrant, as described in Test Method C 949.Agreement by the manufacturer and the purchaser regardingspecific techniques of observati
4、on is strongly recommended.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProductsC 949 Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares byDye PenetrationE 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method3. Terminologyblemishstrained or discolored are
5、a attributable to normalcomposition or forming, or both. (See also inclusion.)blisterbubble or gaseous inclusion at the surface which ifbroken could form a pit, pock, or hole.burrfragment of excess material or foreign particle adheringto the surface.cambera single arch of curvature. (See also wavine
6、ss.)chiparea along an edge or corner where the material hasbroken off.where:w = widthl = length, andd = depth.closed chipfractured area on the edge or corner when thematerial has not broken off (Syn. potential chip).where:W = widthl = length, andd = depth.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction
7、of ASTM Committee C21 onCeramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility ofSubcomittee C21.01 on Nomenclature.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved 2001 as F 109 91 (2001).2For referenced ASTM sta
8、ndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
9、 PA 19428-2959, United States.crackline of fracture without complete separation.crawlinga parting and contraction of the glaze on the surfaceof ceramic ware during drying or firing, resulting in un-glazed areas bordered by coalesced glaze.crazingthe cracking that occurs in fired glazes or otherceram
10、ic coatings as a result of tensile stresses, may alsooccur in the surface portion of uncoated (unglazed) whitew-are bodies.finfine feather-edge protrusion from the surface (Syn. flash).flow lineone or more streaks distinguished by a difference inlight reflectance from the surrounding area, charateri
11、stic ofinjection-molded parts. (See also weld mark.)grinding marka pattern of fine striations or scoring, usuallydirectional, resulting from machining, as distinct from sur-face marksholea deep depression or void, the bottom of which is notvisible by normal (20/20) vision under 200 fc illumination.i
12、nclusionembedded foreign material or a stain other thanfrom normal composition or forming, or both (see blemish).kinka type of waviness occurring interior to the edges, not tobe confused with the more abrupt departures as ridges orsurface marks. (See also waviness.)lumpa raised area on the surface h
13、aving the appearance ofbeing solid.F109042metal markslines on the surface of a ceramic body or glazecaused by drawing a hard metal, such as a knife, across thesurface.peelingcompressive stresses in a fired glaze or other ceramiccoating of sufficient magnitude to exceed the strength ofadhesion betwee
14、n the glaze and the body.pinholesimperfections in the surface of a ceramic glazeresembling pin pricks.pita shallow depression or crater in which all surfaces arevisible by normal (20/20) vision under 200 fc of illumina-tion.pocka partially closed surface cavity.where:w = width.porean internal cavity
15、 which may be exposed by cutting,grinding, or polishing to become a pit, pock, or hole.F109043porous areaan area that will retain dye when tested inaccordance with Practice E 165 and, if broken through at theporous area, will show evidence of dye penetration into thebody.ridgelong, narrow protrusion
16、 on any surface.rima protrusion, usually of base material, bordering eitherpartially or completelly a hole, pit, or pock.specka discrete particle of unreacted or unwanted material ina ceramic body or glaze.surface marksrelatively long, narrow, shallow grooves orcuts in the surface, such as scratches
17、, score marks, andmachining marks. (See also grinding markwavinessa long-order departure from flatness as opposed tosharp discontinuities. Amplitude is in excess of specifiedsurface finish. In general, waviness will exhibit a number ofinflection points that, if connected, would form a line whosepath
18、 may be open or closed (Syn. warp).weld marka deep groove or fissure formed by incompleteunion of two or more particles or streams of material flowingtogether.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this stand
19、ard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be review
20、ed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible
21、 technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F109044
