1、Designation: F 109 04 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Terminology Relating toSurface Imperfections on Ceramics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology describes and illustrates imperfectionsobserved on whitewares and related products. For additionaldefinition
3、s of terms relating to whitewares and related prod-ucts, refer to Terminology C 242. To observe these defects,examination shall be performed visually, with or without theaid of a dye penetrant, as described in Test Method C 949.Agreement by the manufacturer and the purchaser regardingspecific techni
4、ques of observation is strongly recommended.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProductsC 949 Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares byDye PenetrationE 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination3. Terminologyblemishstrained or
5、discolored area attributable to normalcomposition or forming, or both. (See also inclusion.)blisterbubble or gaseous inclusion at the surface which ifbroken could form a pit, pock, or hole.burrfragment of excess material or foreign particle adheringto the surface.cambera single arch of curvature. (S
6、ee also waviness.)chiparea along an edge or corner where the material hasbroken off.where:w = widthl = length, andd = depth.closed chipfractured area on the edge or corner when thematerial has not broken off (Syn. potential chip).where:W = widthl = length, andd = depth.1This terminology is under the
7、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 onCeramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of C21.01Editorial and Teminology on Nomenclature.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved 2004 as F 109 04
8、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
9、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.crackline of fracture without complete separation.crawlinga parting and contraction of the glaze on the surfaceof ceramic ware during drying or firing, resulting in un-glazed areas bordered by coalesced glaze.crazingthe cracking that occurs in f
10、ired glazes or otherceramic coatings as a result of tensile stresses, may alsooccur in the surface portion of uncoated (unglazed) whitew-are bodies.finfine feather-edge protrusion from the surface (Syn. flash).flow lineone or more streaks distinguished by a difference inlight reflectance from the su
11、rrounding area, charateristic ofinjection-molded parts. (See also weld mark.)grinding marka pattern of fine striations or scoring, usuallydirectional, resulting from machining, as distinct from sur-face marksholea deep depression or void, the bottom of which is notvisible by normal (20/20) vision un
12、der 200 fc illumination.inclusionembedded foreign material or a stain other thanfrom normal composition or forming, or both (see blemish).kinka type of waviness occurring interior to the edges, not tobe confused with the more abrupt departures as ridges orsurface marks. (See also waviness.)lumpa rai
13、sed area on the surface having the appearance ofbeing solid.F 109 04 (2009)2metal markslines on the surface of a ceramic body or glazecaused by drawing a hard metal, such as a knife, across thesurface.peelingcompressive stresses in a fired glaze or other ceramiccoating of sufficient magnitude to exc
14、eed the strength ofadhesion between the glaze and the body.pinholesimperfections in the surface of a ceramic glazeresembling pin pricks.pita shallow depression or crater in which all surfaces arevisible by normal (20/20) vision under 200 fc of illumina-tion.pocka partially closed surface cavity.wher
15、e:w = width.porean internal cavity which may be exposed by cutting,grinding, or polishing to become a pit, pock, or hole.F 109 04 (2009)3porous areaan area that will retain dye when tested inaccordance with Practice E 165 and, if broken through at theporous area, will show evidence of dye penetratio
16、n into thebody.ridgelong, narrow protrusion on any surface.rima protrusion, usually of base material, bordering eitherpartially or completelly a hole, pit, or pock.specka discrete particle of unreacted or unwanted material ina ceramic body or glaze.surface marksrelatively long, narrow, shallow groov
17、es orcuts in the surface, such as scratches, score marks, andmachining marks. (See also grinding markwavinessa long-order departure from flatness as opposed tosharp discontinuities. Amplitude is in excess of specifiedsurface finish. In general, waviness will exhibit a number ofinflection points that
18、, if connected, would form a line whosepath may be open or closed (Syn. warp).weld marka deep groove or fissure formed by incompleteunion of two or more particles or streams of material flowingtogether.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conn
19、ection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the respons
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21、onsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 10
22、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 109 04 (2009)4
