ASTM F140-1998(2003) Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods《偏振法测定膨胀特性用的参考玻璃与金属对接密封材料的制作与试验》.pdf
《ASTM F140-1998(2003) Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods《偏振法测定膨胀特性用的参考玻璃与金属对接密封材料的制作与试验》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM F140-1998(2003) Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods《偏振法测定膨胀特性用的参考玻璃与金属对接密封材料的制作与试验》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: F 140 98 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forMaking Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals and Testing forExpansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the preparation and testing ofreference gla
3、ss-metal butt seals of two general configurations:one applicable to determining stress in the glass and the otherto determining the degree of mismatch of thermal expansion(or contraction). Tests are in accordance with Test MethodF 218 (Section 1.1).1.2 This practice applies to all glass and metal (o
4、r alloy)combinations normally sealed together in the production ofelectronic components. It should not be attempted with glass-metal combinations having widely divergent thermal expan-sion (or contraction) properties.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:F 47 Test Method for Crystallographic Per
5、fection of Siliconby Preferential Etch Techniques2F 79 Specification for Type 101 Sealing Glass3F 105 Specification for Type 58 Borosilicate Sealing Glass3F 218 Test Method for Analyzing Stress in Glass43. Summary of Practice3.1 Five seals of a standard configuration are prepared fromrepresentative
6、specimens of the glass and metal to be tested.The glass and metal are cleaned, treated, and sized to specifiedproportions. Plane-interfaced seals are formed, annealed, andmeasured for residual optical retardation. The stress parallel tothe interface in each seal is calculated from the opticalretarda
7、tion, and the average stress is computed for the sample.For disk-seals the thermal expansion mismatch is calculated.4. Significance and Use4.1 The term “reference” as employed in this practiceimplies that either the glass or the metal of the referenceglass-metal seal will be a “standard reference ma
8、terial” such asthose supplied for other physical tests by the National Institutefor Standards and Technology (NIST), or a secondary referencematerial whose sealing characteristics have been determined byseals to a standard reference material.5Until standard referencematerials for seals are establish
9、ed by the NIST, secondaryreference materials may be agreed upon between manufacturerand purchaser.5. Apparatus5.1 Polarimeter, as specified in Test Method F 218 formeasuring optical retardation and analyzing stress in glass.5.2 Cut-Off Saw, with diamond-impregnated wheel and No.180 grit abrasive bla
10、de under flowing coolant for cutting andfine-grinding glass rod.5.3 Glass Polisher, buffing wheel with cerium oxide polish-ing powder or laboratory-type equipment with fine-grindingand polishing laps.5.4 Heat-Treating and Oxidizing Furnaces, with suitablecontrols and with provisions for appropriate
11、atmospheres(Annex A1) for preconditioning metal, if required.5.5 Sealing Furnace, radiant tube, muffle or r-f inductionwith suitable controls and provision for use with inert atmo-sphere.5.6 Annealing Furnace, with capability of controlled cool-ing.5.7 Ultrasonic Cleaner, optional.5.8 Fixture for Fu
12、rnace Sealing, designed as suggested inAnnex A2.5.9 Micrometer Caliper, with index permitting direct read-ing accuracy of 0.02 cm.5.10 Immersion Mercury Thermometer.6. Materials6.1 MetalRepresentative specimen pairs of the metalfrom either rod or plate stock with dimensions satisfying therequirement
13、s of 7.2 or 7.3. The surfaces to be sealed should berelatively free of scratches, machine marks, pits, or inclusionsthat would induce localized stresses. The sealing surfacesshould terminate in sharp edges at the peripheral corners to actas a glass stop. Edges that are rounded, such as appear ontumb
14、led parts, will have the tendency to permit glass overflow.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass andGlass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on Physicaland Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1998. Published January
15、1999. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as F 140 83 (1995)e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.04.5See NIST SP 260.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
16、00, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 GlassRepresentative specimens of rod or plate glass,cut with either diamond-impregnated or other abrasive cuttingwheels under flowing water. Dimensions (volume) shall satisfythe requirements of 7.2 or 7.3.7. Test Specimen7.1 Two basic cylindric
17、al geometries are considered. Fordetermining only the stress in glass, a seal whose total lengthis at least twice its diameter must be used. For determiningexpansion mismatch (as well as stress) a seal whose totalthickness is equal to or less than one fifth of its diameter mustbe used.7.2 The design
18、 for measuring stress provides seals betweena cylindrical rod specimen of glass and metal of either rod orsheet (strip) form. The standard rod seal of Fig. 1(a) shall bemade from specimens so that the diameter of the metal, dm, is0.5 to 1.0 mm larger than the diameter of the glass, dg, beforethe sea
19、l is made; the lengths lgand lmshall each be at least dg.The standard sheet seal of Fig. 2(a) shall be made fromspecimens so that lgis at least 10 lmand a and b each exceeddgby at least 1.0 mm. In all cases dgshall be at least 5.0 mm;d is defined as the sighting line (or light path) through the glas
20、sat the interface after sealing.7.2.1 Record the dimensions of glass and metal.7.3 For determining the thermal expansion mismatch be-tween the metal and the glass, the standard disk seal shown inFig. 3(a) is made. Here dmmay exceed dgby 0.5 to 1.0 mm; dgshall be at least 10 mm. The metal to glass th
21、ickness ratio, tm/tg,may range from13 to 1; d is defined as the sighting line (orlight path) through the glass at the interface after sealing andmust be at least 5 (tm+ tg).7.3.1 Record the dimensions of glass and metal.8. Preparation of Specimens8.1 MetalChemically clean the specimens to removesurf
22、ace contaminants, especially lubricants and fingerprintsfrom fabrication and handling. Usually it is advisable topreoxidize parts as described in Annex A1. Preoxidationpromotes a better glass-to-metal bond and relieves cold-working stresses.NOTE 1The cleaned and heat-treated metal should be sealed w
23、ithin 24h and should be protected from surface contamination during this period.8.2 GlassUsing optical-glass techniques grind and polishthe sealing surface of the glass specimens with either wetabrasive wheels or water slurries of abrasive on a lap. Thepolished surface should be at 90 6 2 to the spe
24、cimen axis andwithout chips, nicks, or scratches. Remove any surface con-taminants which could produce bubbly seals. An ultrasonicwash may be used (Annex A1).8.3 Measure and record the dimensions (diameter, length,thickness) of each glass and each metal specimen.9. Procedure for Making the Butt-Seal
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