1、Designation: F145 72 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Practice forEvaluating Flat-Faced Gasketed Joint Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice permits measurement of gasket compres-sion resulting from bolt loading on a flat-face joint assembly atambient
3、 conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to e
4、stablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible BarrierPackaging3. Summary of Practice3.1 The gasket compression and flange distort
5、ion are ob-tained from compressed-thickness measurements on cylindri-cally shaped soft-solder plugs (50-50 lead-tin by weight)inserted into holes, drilled or punched through the gasket in thethickness direction. Initial compression is accomplished in theflanged-joint assembly when the bolts are load
6、ed at ambienttemperature. Solder, being inelastic, will remain at the com-pressed thickness of the gasket after the joint is subsequentlydisassembled.4. Significance and Use4.1 Gasket compressions produced by bolt loads in aflanged joint are important in the application engineering of ajoint assembl
7、y. They are related to the ability of a gasket toseal, to maintain tightness on assembly bolts, and to a varietyof other gasket properties that determine the service behaviorof a joint assembly. Thus, being able to determine the degree ofcompression in a gasket under the bolt loading will permit one
8、to make qualitative predictions of the behavior of a jointassembly when it comes in contact with the application orservice environment. With the plug test, bending of a flangefacing between bolt centers can be measured; however, in afew highly distortable flanges the maximum bending betweenbolt cent
9、ers may not be detected.4.2 The variation in gasket compressions at selected pointsin a flat-face joint assembly reveals the degree of flangedistortion or the ability of the flange to distribute satisfactorilythe compressive forces from bolt loads throughout the gasket.5. Apparatus (see Fig. 1)5.1 T
10、est Assembly, any flat-face flange design.5.2 Torque Indicating Device, for bolt loading.5.3 Dial Gage Indicator, graduated in 0.00254 mm (0.0001in.) to measure thickness of the solder plugs and the uncom-pressed gasket.5.4 Leather Punch, for punching holes in the gasket andfabricating the solder pl
11、ugs.5.5 Tweezers, to conveniently handle the solder plugs.5.6 Solder PlugsThe solder must be made into a flat strip.This can be done by compressing wire in a vise, a pair offlanges, pliers, or passing it between two calender rolls. Thesolder plugs are punched from the strip by means of the leatherpu
12、nch. Recommended plug diameter is 0.8 mm (132 in.) andthe height need only be such that the plug is compressed by theflanges when the gasket is also compressed. The initialthickness of the plug and gasket before compression need notbe equal.6. Test Specimens6.1 Three gasket specimens shall be tested
13、. The size andshape of the specimens must be such as to fit the particularflange design.7. Conditioning7.1 When the test is performed on an assembly line or in aservice environment, sufficient time should elapse for theflanges, bolts, and gasket to reach equilibrium with the ambient1This practice is
14、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.20 on Mechanical Test Methods.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F145 72 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/
15、F0145-72R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
16、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1temperature and humidity conditions before assembly. (Heavycastings or forgings may require 8 to 24 h or more, contrastedto a brief period for light stampings.)7.2 When the test is performed under controlled conditionsin the laboratory
17、 the gasket specimen is conditioned in accor-dance with Specification E171, or in the humidity and tem-perature conditions used prior to obtaining the load-compression curve. Flange fasteners and washers are held atthe test conditions for at least 4 h prior to assembly.8. Procedure8.1 Use the same f
18、langes, fasteners, and washers as thosespecified for applications. Clean them with reagent-gradetrichloroethylene or other suitable solvent. Use cleansing tissueto remove dirt, oil, or grease. After cleaning, give the matingscrew threads a light coating of SAE 20 engine oil to minimizefriction.8.2 M
19、easure the initial or uncompressed thickness of thegasket. Make holes, slightly larger than the solder plugs, in thegasket at the points where compressions are to be evaluated.Insert the plugs upright in the holes with the gasket resting onthe lower flange facing. Then assemble the test assembly in
20、thecustomary manner. Immediately disassemble the test assembly.Make compressed-thickness measurements on the solder plugs.These measurements are equal to the compressed thicknessexhibited by the gasket when it was loaded in the test assembly.9. Calculation and Interpretation of Results9.1 Calculate
21、the compression as a percentage of the origi-nal gasket thickness as follows:C 5to2 tc!/to#3100 (1)where:C = percentage compression in the gasket,to= initial uncompressed thickness of the gasket, andtc= compressed-gasket thickness as measured on a solderplug.9.2 Fig. 2 illustrates a graph plotting c
22、ompressed-thicknessvalues of the solder plugs which are assumed to be equal to thecompressed thickness of the gasket at the correspondinglocations. These particular points for determining compressionwere selected to reveal the bending distortion in the flangefacing between bolt centers. Bending is r
23、evealed by drawing acurve through the gasket compressed-thickness values whichare represented by vertical dark bars. Percentage compressionis indicated below each bar.9.3 These percentage compressions were produced in thetest flange by unequal flange pressures resulting from a specificbolt loading a
24、nd bolt spacing. This approach to determininginitial flange pressure is most adaptable to gasket materialswhose load-compression characteristics are not dependent onshape factor.9.4 The plug test will indicate the distribution of gasketcompressions which reflects the variation of initial flangepress
25、ures in joint assemblies exhibiting flange distortion.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Conditions of test, temperature, relative humidity,and time of conditioning,10.1.2 Gasket identification,10.1.3 Conditioning of gasket before test,10.1.4 Uncompressed-gasket thickness,F
26、IG. 1 Equipment for Performing the Solder-Plug Test of Gasket CompressionsF145 72 (2016)210.1.5 Flange: material, thickness, width, and bolt spacing,10.1.6 Bolt size, material, and thread condition,10.1.7 Method of bolt loading,10.1.8 Bolt torque,10.1.9 Tightening sequence on bolts,10.1.10 Top view
27、of gasket showing solder-plug locationswith location dimensions,10.1.11 Compressed-gasket thickness at each plug location,10.1.12 Percentage compression in the gasket at each pluglocation, and10.1.13 Data plot similar to Fig. 2.11. Keywords11.1 compressed thickness; flange distortion; flat-face join
28、t;gasket compression; solder plug testASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the r
29、iskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of t
30、his standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmak
31、e your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained b
32、y contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1Flange bending is seen by drawing a curve through the compressed-thickness values for the gasket.FIG. 2 Suggested Plot of the Solder-Plug Test DataF145 72 (2016)3
