1、Designation: F146 04 F146 12Standard Test Methods forFluid Resistance of Gasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the effect on
3、physical properties of nonmetallic gasketing materials afterimmersion in test fluids. The types of materials covered are Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 7 as described in Classification F104.These test methods are not applicable to the testing of vulcanized rubber, a procedure that is described in
4、Test Method D471. Itis designed for testing specimens cut from gasketing materials or from finished articles of commerce. These test methods may alsobe used as a pre-treatment for Multi-Layer Steel, MLS, or Metal Layer Gasket materials adhesion testing per Test Method D3359.The pre-treatment of MLS
5、or Metal Layer Gasket materials pertains only as a pre-cursor to the adhesion test. Other physicalproperty tests described in this standard are not applicable to MLS or Metal Layer Gasket materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parenthe
6、ses are for information only.1.3 Refer to the current Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and any precautionary labeling provided by the supplier of anymaterials referred to in these test methods.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
7、 It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD471
8、Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodF36 Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery of Gasket MaterialsF104 Classification System for No
9、nmetallic Gasket MaterialsF147 Test Method for Flexibility of Non-Metallic Gasket MaterialsF152 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Nonmetallic Gasket Materials3. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Appropriate test specimens are subjected to complete immersion in test fluids. After immersing the specimens i
10、n the varioustest fluids, the effect on physical properties is expressed as change in tensile strength, compressibility in softened condition,flexibility, volume change, and thickness and weight changes from the original condition.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods provide a standardized
11、procedure to measure the effect of immersion in specified fluids under definiteconditions of time and temperature. The results of these test methods are not intended to give any direct correlation with serviceconditions in view of the wide variations in temperature and special uses encountered in ga
12、sket applications. The specific test fluidsand test conditions outlined were selected as typical for purposes of comparing different materials and can be used as a routinetest when agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe
13、e F03 on Gaskets and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.40 on Chemical Test Methods.Current edition approved April 1, 2004Aug. 1, 2012. Published May 2004September 2012. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20012004 asF146 01.F146 04. DOI: 10.1520/F0146-04.10
14、.1520/F0146-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and i
15、s intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the
16、 current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Apparatus5.1 Circulating-Hot-Air Ovens, two, capable of maintaining 100 6 1C (212 6 2F)
17、and 149 6 2C (300 6 3.6F), oraluminum block fitted for use with test tubes, or heating mantle, capable of maintaining 100 6 1C (212 6 2F).5.2 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium chloride or silica gel.5.3 Analytical Balance.5.4 Thickness Gage, actuated by dead load weights, having dial graduati
18、ons of 0.02 mm (0.001 in.) with anvil not less thanpresser foot diameter of 6.4 6 0.127 mm (0.252 6 0.005 in.). Dead weight loads are listed in Table 1.5.5 Cutting Dies, appropriate for cutting steel, with sharp edges free from nicks or burrs, in the following sizes:5.5 25.4 by 50.8 mm (1 by 2 in.),
19、5.5 28.6-mm (1.126-in.) diameter, 645.2-mm2 (1-in.2) area circular die,5.5 Test Methods D412, Die A, 12.7-mm (0.500-in.) width, and5.5 12.7 by 152.4 mm (0.50 by 6 in.).5.6 Conditioned Cabinet or Room, maintained at 21 to 29C (70 to 85F) and from 50 to 55 % relative humidity.5.7 Test Tubes, with 38-m
20、m (1.50-in.) outside diameters and 305-mm (12-in.) overall lengths,3 fitted with aluminumfoil-covered compressible stoppers.5.8 Immersion Containers, of configuration required to accommodate specimen sizes.5.9 Boiling Flask with Reflux Condenser, of configuration required to accordance specimen size
21、s.5.10 Light-Metal Wire Screens, sized to fit within immersion containers (5.8).5.11 Watchglass or Ground-Glass Tared Weighing Bottle.5.12 Immersion FluidsASTM OilsOil No. 14, (IRM 901),5 IRM 903,6 ASTM Fuel B, distilled water, ethylene glycol,propylene glycol, and other test fluids as needed.5.13 A
22、bsorbent Paper, rapid qualitative-type or similar absorptive texture.76. Test Specimens6.1 Specimens to be tested shall be cleanly die-cut so as to be flat, clean, and free of projecting fibers, fillers, particulates, etc.6.1 Specimens for immersion in liquids for change in thickness, weight, or vol
23、ume shall be single-ply with 25.4 by 50.8-mm(1 by 2-in.) dimensions or 28.6-mm (1.126-in.) diameter disks.6.1 Specimens for loss of tensile strength in test fluids shall be of Die A or alternative as permitted in Test Methods F152.6.1 Specimens for compressibility measurement after immersion in test
24、 fluids shall be 645.2 mm2 (1 in.2) in circular square-inchdisks plied in number in accordance with Test Method F36.6.1 Specimens for flexibility after immersion in test fluids shall be 12.7 by 152.4 mm (0.5 by 6 in.) by single thickness.3 Suitable test tubes of this size were obtained from Edwin H.
25、 Benz Co., 703 Maplehurst Rd., Providence, RI 02908-5398 and are available from most scientific supplyhouses.4 ASTM Oil No. 1 iswas available from Penreco, 4426 E. Washington Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90028; ASTM Fuel A and ASTM Fuel B are available from Chevron PhillipsCo., 10001 Six Pines Drive, The
26、Woodlands, TX 77380. Refer to Test Method D471 for further information regarding immersion test fluids.5 ASTM Oil No. 1 was used for original interlaboratory testing and has since been replaced with IRM 901 as approved by ASTM Committee D04-11. Users may continueto use ASTM Oil No. 1 but should be a
27、ware that IRM 901 from R.E. Carrol, Inc., P.O. Box 5806, Trenton, NJ 08638 is the commercially available replacement going forward.6 IRM 903 is available from R. E. Carrol, Inc., P. O. Box 5806, Trenton, NJ 08638. The user should be aware that results may differ. ASTM Oil No. 3 is no longercommercia
28、lly available due to potential health risks associated with its use. IRM 903 has been approved by Committee D-11 as a replacement for ASTM Oil No. 3.7 Whatman Filter Paper No. 4 has demonstrated proper absorptive character for oils and is recommended to obtain repeatable results.TABLE 1 Loads and Pr
29、essureTypeTotal Load onPresser Foot(Reference)Load on SampleN oz kPa psi1A 2.50 9.0 79.3 6.9 11.5 1.02 1.11 4.0 35 6.9 5.1 1.03 1.75 6.3 55 6.9 8.0 1.0AMaterials of Type 1 and Type 7 that exhibit a minimum thickness increase of 35 %in IRM 903 shall be tested after immersion in any fluid by using a t
30、otal load on thepressure foot of 0.83 N (3.0 oz) which becomes 26.4 6.9-kPa (3.8 1.0-psi) loadon the sample.F146 1227. Temperature of Test Measurement7.1 Conduct all measurements on test specimens that are set at a temperature of 21 to 29C (70 to 85F).8. Conditioning8.1 Prior to testing, the user sh
31、ould condition specimens as specified in Classification F104.9. Procedure9.1 Conduct tests in accordance with Table 2 or otherwise agreed upon between the producer and the user. These test methodsare applicable to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, commercial coolants and blends with water thereof (
32、see Note 1), distilled water,and other commercial oils and fuels. The producer must be aware that different coolant mixtures may yield different results.NOTE 1Coolant mixtures are typically tested under boiling reflux conditions.9.2 ThicknessMeasure specimens with a thickness measuring device actuat
33、ed by a dead-weight load. Graduate the dial in0.0254-mm (0.001-in.) or smaller units; estimate readings to the nearest 0.00254 mm (0.0001 in.). The anvil shall have a diameternot less than that of the presser foot, which has a diameter of 6.4 6 0.127 mm (0.252 6 0.005 in.).9.2 Loads and pressure sha
34、ll be in accordance with Table 1.9.2 Take readings by lowering the presser foot gently until it is in contact with the specimen. Take a sufficient number ofreadings, depending on the size of the specimen, to provide a reliable average value.9.3 WeightDetermine the initial weight of a specimen by rem
35、oving it from the conditions required after conditioning (Section5) and placing it immediately in the tared weighing bottle. Measure the weight of the test specimen to the nearest 1 mg (0.001 g)and record where calculations for percentage of weight change are to be taken.9.4 Immersion in Fluids:9.4
36、Elevated TemperaturePlace appropriate specimens in the test tubes or boiling flask, using only one material per test tube.Pour enough fresh fluid into the tube to completely cover the specimens and ensure that they are immersed. Insert thealuminum-foil covered stoppers into the test tubes before pla
37、cing them in the supporting rack within the oven.9.4.1.1 At the end of the test period, remove and immediately immerse the specimens in a cool (21 to 29C (70 to 85F), freshportion of the test fluid for 30 to 60 min. Then withdraw the specimens from the cooled-down test fluid and immediately blot the
38、samples with sheets of blotting paper to remove excess liquid from the surfaces. Exercise care when removing the excess fluid sothat no squeezing action occurs on the sample. Specimens over 0.79 mm (0.031 in.) in thickness should also be blotted on theedges.9.4 Room TemperaturePlace appropriate spec
39、imens in the immersion containers using pieces of light-metal screens to separateindividual specimens of one test material from those of another and the bottom of the container, and also to ensure that thespecimens remain immersed in the test fluid. Pour enough fresh test fluid over the specimens to
40、 ensure that the specimens arewetted and covered by the fluid. Use enough fluid to provide a minimum of 10 mL for each specimen in the container.9.4 Volatile FluidsWhen withdrawing specimens that have been immersed in a highly volatile fluid such as Fuel B,immediately test for the desired properties
41、.9.4 ContaminationImmersion tests should contain materials with similar chemistries to ensure that adjacent samples are notcontaminated as a result of chemical breakdown. If such information is not available, then the material should be tested by itselfin fresh fluid to determine compatibility with
42、said fluid.TABLE 2 Properties, Characteristics and Test MethodsType ofMaterial Physical Property Fluid6TestDuration,hTemperature,C (F)1, 7 Compressibility IRM 903 5 149 (300)Tensile strength IRM 903 5 149 (300)Thickness increase ASTM Fuel B 5 21 to 29 (70 to 85)Weight increase IRM 903 5 149 (300)2 F
43、lexibility ASTM Oil No. 1(IRM 901)70 100 (212)Volume change ASTM Oil No. 1(IRM 901)70 100 (212)Volume change IRM 903 70 100 (212)Volume change ASTM Fuel B 22 21 to 29 (70 to 85)3 Weight change ASTM Fuel BIRM 903distilled water22222221 to 29 (70 to 85)21 to 29 (70 to 85)21 to 29 (70 to 85)Thickness i
44、ncrease ASTM Fuel BIRM 903distilled water22222221 to 29 (70 to 85)21 to 29 (70 to 85)21 to 29 (70 to 85)F146 1239.5 Compressibility After ImmersionAfter subjecting the specimens to immersion, test them in accordance with Test MethodF36, except the time to apply the major load shall be between 5 and
45、10 s to avoid rupturing the test specimen.9.6 Tensile Strength After ImmersionAfter subjecting the specimens to immersion in test fluid, test them in accordance withTest Methods F152 using the original dry measurements as as reference values.9.7 Thickness Change After ImmersionRemeasure the specimen
46、s that were subjected to the immersion in test fluids tomeasure the change in thickness in accordance with the procedure in 9.2. The change in thickness of the specimens is to becalculated as an expression of percentage change from the original thickness.NOTE 2Great care must be taken to record the
47、swollen thickness when the needle slows to a different rate which reflects indentation into the softenedspecimen.9.8 Flexibility After ImmersionTest specimens which are to be measured for flexibility after immersion in fluids in accordancewith the procedure in Test Method F147.9.9 Volume Change Afte
48、r ImmersionTest specimens to be tested for volume change in accordance with Test Method D471.For materials having less than specific gravity 1.00, use the following procedure if a Jolly balance is employed:9.9 Level and zero the Jolly balance and ensure it is properly shielded from drafts.9.9 Attach
49、 a small metal sinker (about 5 g is usually sufficient) to the weighing hook so that it is totally immersed in water.9.9 Weigh the specimen in air and record the scale reading, SR1.9.9 Then weigh the specimen in distilled water and record the scale reading, SR2.9.9 The original volume, V1, then equals SR1 SR2.9.9 After removing the specimen from the test medium, repeat 9.9.3, 9.9.4, and 9.9.5. This gives the final volume, V2. Changethe distilled water used in the test frequently.NOTE 3Caution: Use the same sinker throughout.9.9
