1、Designation: F15 04 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forIron-Nickel-Cobalt Sealing Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F15; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anum
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy,UNS K94610 containing nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt,and 53 % iron, in the forms o
3、f wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, andtubing, intended primarily for sealing to glass in electronicapplications.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are
4、not considered standard.1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the testmethod portion, Sections 13 and 14 of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to esta
5、blish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopmen
6、t of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test
7、 Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hard-ness of Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals RelationshipAmong Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, RockwellHardness, S
8、uperficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-scope Hardness, and Leeb HardnessE228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Push-Rod DilatometerF14 Practice for Making and Testing Reference Glass-MetalBead-SealF140 Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Sealsand Testi
9、ng for Expansion Characteristics by PolarimetricMethodsF144 Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal SandwichSeal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polari-metric Methods3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Si
10、ze,3.1.2 Temper (Section 6),3.1.3 Surface finish (Section 10),3.1.4 Marking and packaging (Section 17), and3.1.5 Certification if required.4. Chemical Requirements4.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.5. Surface Lubricants5.1 All lubricant
11、s used during cold-working operations,such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of beingremoved readily by any of the common organic degreasingsolvents.6. Temper6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified inthe purchase order.6.2 TubeUnless otherwise agreed upon by the su
12、pplier ormanufacturer and the purchaser, these forms shall be given afinal bright anneal by the manufacturer and supplied in theannealed temper.6.3 Strip and SheetThese forms shall be supplied in one ofthe tempers given in Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, asspecified.1This specification is under t
13、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onElectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 1961 as F15 61T. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F
14、15 04(2013). DOI: 10.1520/F0015-04R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Internat
15、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Gui
16、des and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1150FIG. 1 Normal Annealed Specimen Showing No Transformation150FIG. 2 Partially Transformed SpecimenF15 04 (2017)26.4 Wire and Rod These forms shall be supplied in one ofthe tempers given in T
17、able 3 as specified. Unless otherwisespecified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied intemper A (annealed).7. Grain Size7.1 Strip and sheet for deep drawing shall have an averagegrain size not larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 1), and no morethan 10 % of the grains shall be larger than No.
18、5 whenmeasured in accordance with Test Methods E112.NOTE 1This corresponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16 grains/in.2of image at 100 .8. Hardness8.1 Deep-Drawing TemperFor deep drawing, the hardnessshall not exceed 82 HRB for material 0.100 in. (2.54 mm) andless in thickness and 85 HRB for mater
19、ial over 0.100 in. inthickness when determined in accordance with Test MethodsE18. See also Test Method E92 for Vickers Hardness and Table3, E140 for the appropriate conversion between various hard-ness scales.8.2 Rolled and Annealed TempersHardness tests whenproperly applied can be indicative of te
20、nsile strength. Hardnessscales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall benegotiated between supplier and purchaser.9. Tensile Strength9.1 Sheet and Strip:9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conformwith the requirem
21、ents prescribed.9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-dinal axis is parallel to the direction of rolling and the test shallbe performed in accordance with Test Methods E8.9.2 Wire and Rod:9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers given
22、in Table 3. and shall conform tothe requirements prescribed.9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with TestMethod E8.10. Surface Finish10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be thoseresulting from the following operations:10.1.1 Hot rolling,10.1.2 Forging,10.1.3 Centerless grin
23、ding (rod),10.1.4 Belt polishing,10.1.5 Cold rolling, and10.1.6 Wire drawing.11. Thermal Expansion Characteristics11.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansionshall be within the limits specified in Table 4.12. Test for Thermal Expansion12.1 Heat the specimen in a hydrogen atmosphere for
24、1hat900C, followed by 15 min at 1100C. Between the 900 and1100C heat-treatment periods, the specimen may be cooled toroom temperature if desired. Cool the specimen from 1100 to200C in the hydrogen atmosphere at a rate not to exceed5C/min.12.2 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics inaccorda
25、nce with Test Method E228.NOTE 2For critical glass sealing applications, it is recommended thatthe user conduct functional testing in accordance with Practices F14, F140or F144. Such tests circumvent possible problems with thermal expansionmeasurements and glass setting point estimates.NOTE 3The the
26、rmal treatment described in this section is for purposesof the thermal expansion test only. Consult the non-mandatory appendixTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Iron, nominal 53ANickel, nominal 29ACobalt, nominal 17AManganese, max 0.50Silicon, max 0.20Carbon, max 0.04Aluminum, max 0.
27、10BMagnesium, max 0.10BZirconium, max 0.10BTitanium, max 0.10BCopper, max 0.20Chromium, max 0.20Molybdenum, max 0.20AThe iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements listed are nominal. They shall beadjusted by the manufacturer so that the alloy meets the requirements forcoefficient of thermal expansion gi
28、ven in Table 4.BThe total of aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, and titanium shall not exceed0.20 %.TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Sheet and StripTemperDesignationTemper Name Tensile Strength, ksi(MPa)A annealed 82 max (570 max)B14 hard 75 to 90 (520 to 630)C half hard 85 to 100 (590 to 700)
29、D34 hard 95 to 110 (660 to 770)E hard 100 min (700 min)TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and RodTemper Designation Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)A 85 (585) maxB 85 to 105 (585 to 725)C 95 to 115 (655 to 795)D 105 to 125 (725 to 860)E 125 (860) minTABLE 4 Coefficients of Thermal ExpansionTe
30、mperature Range, CAverage Linear Coefficientof Thermal Expansion,Am/mC30 to 40030 to 4504.60 to 5.205.10 to 5.50ATypical thermal expansion data for the alloy covered by these specifications areprovided in Appendix X1.F15 04 (2017)3of this document for guidance on annealing conditions for various pro
31、ductforms.13. Transformation13.1 The temperature of the gamma-to-alpha transformationshall be below 78.5C when the material is tested in accor-dance with Section 14. However, for material whose smallestdimension is over78 in. (22.2 mm), some localizedtransformation, acceptable to the purchaser, may
32、be tolerated.NOTE 4Lower transformation temperatures, ranging to as low as196C, may be negotiated between supplier and purchaser. The 196Ctransformation temperature corresponds to immersing a sample (preparedaccording to 14.1) in liquid nitrogen for a minimum of 1 h.14. Test for Transformation14.1 C
33、ut the specimen from any part of the material, butpreferably including the entire cross section, degrease it, thenheat treat it as described in 12.1. When cool, polish the crosssection of the specimen and etch (Note 5) it in accordance withMethod E3. Then subject the specimen to the temperatureprodu
34、ced by an excess of dry ice in acetone (78.5C) for atleast 4 h. After the low-temperature treatment, examine thespecimen at a mangification of 150 for the presence of theacicular crystals characteristic of the alpha phase. Becausethese crystals may occur only in small localized areas, examinecareful
35、ly the entire polished cross section.14.2 Specimens that show no transformation and that showpartial transformation are illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,respectively.NOTE 5A suggested etchant is a solution of three parts by volume ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid and one part of concentrated nitric
36、acidsaturated with cupric chloride (CuCl22H2O). This etchant is moreeffective when allowed to stand for 20 min after mixing. After severalhours it loses its strength and should be discarded at the end of the day.Etching is best accomplished by swabbing the specimen with cottonsoaked with the etchant
37、. Etching is usually complete when the surface ofthe metal appears to have turned dull.15. Dimensions and Permissible Variations15.1 Cold-Rolled StripCold-rolled strip shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 5,Table 6, and Table 7.15.2 Round Wire and RodWire and
38、rod shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 8.15.3 Cold-Drawn TubingCold-drawn tubing, available ei-ther as seamless or welded, shall conform to the permissiblevariations prescribed in Table 9.16. General Requirements16.1 The material shall be commercially smooth
39、, uniform incross section, in composition, and in temper; it shall be free ofscale, corrosion, cracks, seams, scratches, slivers, and otherdefects as best commercial practice will permit.17. Packaging and Marking17.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between thepurchaser and the seller.17.2 Th
40、e material as furnished under this specification shallbe identified by the name or symbol of the manufacturer and bymelt number. The lot size for determining compliance with therequirements of this specification shall be one heat.18. Investigation of Claims18.1 Where any material fails to meet the r
41、equirements ofthis specification, the material so designated shall be handled inaccordance with a mutual agreement between the purchaserand the seller.19. Keywords19.1 controlled expansion alloy; glass to metal sealing;iron-nickel-cobalt alloy; UNS #K94610; vacuum electronicapplicationsTABLE 5 Permi
42、ssible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled StripNOTE 1 Measurement shall be made at least38 in. (9.5 mm) from the edge of strip over 1 in. (25.4 mm) wide.Specified Thickness, in. (mm)Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, in. (mm)Under 3 (76) Over 3 to 6 (76 to 152) Over 6 to 12 (15
43、2 to 305) Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406)0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102) 0.004 (0.102)0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102)0.068 to 0.050 (1.73 to 1.27), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.00
44、3 (0.076)0.049 to 0.035 (1.24 to 0.89), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)0.034 to 0.029 (0.86 to 0.74), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.0025 (0.064)0.028 to 0.026 (0.71 to 0.66), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051)0.025 to 0.0
45、20 (0.64 to 0.51), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051)0.019 to 0.017 (0.48 to 0.43), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051)0.016 to 0.012 (0.41 to 0.31), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038)0.011 to 0.0101 (0.28 to 0.26), inc
46、l 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038)0.010 to 0.0091 (0.25 to 0.23), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025)0.009 to 0.006 (0.23 to 0.15), incl 0.00075 (0.019) 0.00075 (0.019) . .Under 0.006 (0.15) 0.0005 (0.013) 0.0005 (0.013) . .F15 04 (2017)4TABLE 6 Permi
47、ssible Variations in Thickness Across Width of StripSpecified ThicknessMaximum Variation in Thickness Across Width of Strip, Within Those Provided for inTable 4 for Edge Measurements for Widths and Thicknesses Given, in. (mm)in. mm5 (127) and Under Over 5 to 12 (127 to 300)Over 12 to 24 (300 to600),
48、 inclin. mm in. mm in. mm0.005 to 0.010, incl 0.17 to 0.03, incl 0.00075 0.0191 0.001 0.025 0.0015 0.038Over 0.010 to 0.025, incl 0.03 to 0.06, incl 0.001 0.025 0.0015 0.038 0.002 0.051Over 0.025 to 0.065, incl 0.06 to 0.16, incl 0.0015 0.038 0.002 0.051 0.0025 0.064Over 0.065 to316 , excl 0.16 to 0
49、.48, excl 0.002 0.051 0.0025 0.064 0.003 0.076TABLE 7 Permissible Variations in Width of Cold-Rolled Strip Supplied in CoilsSpecified Thickness, in. (mm)Permissible Variations in Width for Widths Given, in. (mm)Under12 to316(12.7to4.8)12 to6(12.7to152)Over 6 to 9 (152to 229)Over 9 to 12 (229to 305)Over 12 to 20(305 to 508)Over 20 to 231516(508 to 608)0.187 to 0.161 (4.75 to 4.09) . 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51) 0.031 (0.79) 0.031 (0.79)0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54) 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.016 (0.41) 0.
