1、Designation: F16 12 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Methods forMeasuring Diameter or Thickness of Wire and Ribbon forElectronic Devices and Lamps1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F16; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring thediameter or thickness of round and
3、 flat wire (ribbon) 0.060 in.(1.52 mm) maximum used in electronic devices and lamps.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1
4、.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This interna
5、tional standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Com
6、mittee.2. Summary of Test Method2.1 In order to provide reliable determinations of physicaldimensions of wire and ribbon products, these test methods aredesigned to mechanically measure the diameter or thicknesswith a high degree of precision. These test methods are basedon the use of a sensitive me
7、asuring head with calibratedpressure settings, shaped measuring anvils to reduce errorscaused by material curvature or waviness, and a method forpresetting the anvil spacing by means of gage blocks orcylindrical master standards.3. Significance and Use3.1 The methods contained in this standard are i
8、ntendedprimarily for referee use, for laboratory measuring, and forcertifying size of standard samples used for checking othermeasuring equipment that may be agreed upon between thesupplier and the purchaser.4. Apparatus4.1 Either of two general types of apparatus may be used formeasuring, depending
9、 on the accuracy desired and on theavailability of certified cylindrical master standards for gagesetting, as follows:4.1.1 Apparatus A For use with cylindrical master stan-dards for gage setting.4.1.2 Apparatus B For use with gage block standards forgage setting.4.2 Apparatus A, shown in Fig. 1, sh
10、all have the followingfeatures:4.2.1 An adjustable anvil of the size and shape specified forthe material to be inspected. The anvil shall be nonrotating andshall be adjustable for position by means of a micrometer orprecision adjusting screw, with means for locking the anvil inany set position after
11、 adjustments have been made.4.2.2 A sensing anvil of the size and shape specified for thematerial to be measured, linked directly to a sensing andindicating device of specified precision and sensitivity.4.2.3 The adjustable fixed anvil and sensing anvil and thesensing device shall be rigidly mounted
12、 with both anvils inalignment on the same axis. The sensing anvil shall be movablewith provisions for retracting the anvil for placing the speci-men in the measuring position.4.2.4 Both anvils shall be properly fitted, lapped, andpolished so the contacting surfaces are flat and parallel withinthe ac
13、curacy specified.4.2.5 The sensing device shall be provided with a means forsetting the indicator hand or scale to zero, and a calibratedscale or dial for setting the sensing anvil measuring pressure tothe specified value required for measuring. This setting shall beaccurate to within6 10 % of the s
14、et value.4.3 Apparatus B, shown in Fig. 2, shall meet the require-ments specified for Apparatus A in 4.2 with the followingadditional features:4.3.1 The fixed anvil and support to which it is attachedshall be free to move along the measuring axis but shall be heldin line with the sensing anvil by me
15、ans of cantilever springs sothat parallelism with the sensing anvil is maintained. The1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onElectronics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip.Current edition approved
16、 June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallypublished in 1961 as F16 61 T. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F16 12.DOI: 10.1520/F0016-12R17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was deve
17、loped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1opposite end of th
18、e movable anvil support shall terminate in aball contact having a diameter from 0.19 to 0.25 in. (4.8 to 6.4mm). The total pressure of the support and springs shall exerta force of 500 6 0 g on the gage block.4.3.2 The gage block for setting shall be located directly incontact with the movable anvil
19、 support ball contact. Theopposite side of the gage block shall be supported at threeplaces by hardened steel balls 0.09 to 0.12 in. (2.4 to 3.2 mm)in diameter and equilaterally spaced to form a triangle.4.3.3 The three ball contacts shall be securely fixed to asupport table and shall be movable for
20、 setting the measuringdevice by means of a precision adjusting screw. Provision shallbe made for securely locking the table in place after setting.5. Test Specimens5.1 Test specimens shall be selected at least 3 ft (0.9 m)from the end of a spool or coil of material and shall be straightand free from
21、 kinks, dents, or other damage that wouldinterfere with measuring accuracy.5.2 Wire or fine ribbon shall be drawn from the spool underuniformly low tension to prevent elongation. If the material isobviously contaminated with oil, dirt, or other foreign matter,it shall be drawn gently through a lint-
22、free cloth, wet with asuitable solvent.6. Test Conditions6.1 The measuring device shall be used in a location that isclean and free of dust and lint. Vibration, drafts, direct heatfrom lamps, and temperature variations shall be minimized.The equipment shall be kept clean and covered when not inuse.6
23、.2 For fine wire, smaller than 0.0008 in. (0.02 mm) indiameter, extra precautions shall be taken to avoid all possiblecauses (see 6.1) of inaccurate measurements. The measuringdevices shall be used in a small gage laboratory with tempera-ture variations kept to within6 5C. The equipment shall belaid
24、 out on a clean surface with tools and gage blocks on foamrubber pads. All equipment used for measuring, and thematerial samples, shall be stabilized by leaving them togetherin the gage room for at least 1 h. Gage blocks shall be handledwith tongs to prevent temperature variations.6.3 Gage blocks sh
25、all be recalibrated at least once everyyear, using the block calibration size for the calibration setting.Blocks must be carefully cleaned and handled to preventuneven wear with consequent introduction of errors into thegage setting.6.4 The device shall be cleaned, calibrated, and set formeasuring b
26、y means of certified gage blocks or cylindricalmaster standards as specified in Section 11.7. Setting Measuring Apparatus7.1 Set the measuring apparatus by means of standards sothat the indicator hand or scale of the sensing device is at zerowhen adjusted for the nominal size of the material to beme
27、asured. This shall be done by means of certified cylindricalmaster standards for Apparatus A and by means of certifiedgage blocks for Apparatus B.7.2 Cylindrical master standards shall be certified fordiameter, roundness, and surface finish by a metrology labo-ratory. The master cylinders of wire sh
28、all be made of hardenedsteel having a Rockwell hardness of 63 to 65 HRC, and lappedto a finish of 1 in. rms or a 4-in. height (0.0001 mm).7.3 Gage blocks shall be certified for length, flatness,parallelism, and surface finish by a metrology laboratory. Theexact thickness of the blocks shall be repor
29、ted to the nearestmicroinch (0.000025 mm) as measured near the center of eachblock. The surface finish shall be equivalent to 1 in. rms or a4-in. (0.0001-mm) height or better.7.4 Set Apparatus A for the nominal material size to bemeasured by placing a cylindrical master standard between thetwo anvil
30、s and adjusting the fixed anvil adjusting screw to geta zero reading on the sensing device. Raise and lower theFIG. 1 Measuring Apparatus A for Use with Cylindrical MasterStandards for Gage SettingFIG. 2 Measuring Apparatus B for Use with Gage Block Stan-dards for Gage SettingF16 12 (2017)2sensing a
31、nvil against the standard several times and readjustthe screw until three consecutive zero readings are obtained.7.5 Set Apparatus B for nominal material size to be mea-sured by means of gage blocks. Select two blocks with adifference equal to the nominal size of the material. Use theexact length of
32、 the blocks as taken from the last certification.Place the longer block between the three-ball support table andthe ball end of the anvil support block, and carefully seat nearthe center of the block. Turn the adjusting screw until theindicator on the sensing device is on zero. Raise the ball end of
33、the anvil support block, remove the longer gage block, andreplace it with the shorter block in the same position. This ineffect lowers the fixed measuring anvil from the first zerosetting by an amount equal to the nominal size of the materialto be measured. Leave this gage block in place while measu
34、re-ments are being made.7.6 To keep the effect of temperature variations to aminimum, handle each block with insulated tongs when placedinto position. Both blocks may also be inserted and inter-changed by means of a shifting device for moving either blockinto the proper position. This keeps handling
35、 to a minimum andprevents hands from contacting the blocks when changing.8. Procedure A for Measuring Fine Round Wire8.1 Measure fine round wire less than 0.0008 in. (0.0203mm) in diameter with anvils as illustrated in Fig. 3 except fixedanvil shall have a radius of 1 in. (25.4 mm). Measure fine rou
36、ndwire more than 0.0008 in. (0.0203 mm) and less than 0.010 in.(0.25 mm) in diameter with flat parallel anvils having adiameter from 0.115 in. to 0.135 in. (2.9 to 3.4 mm). Lap bothanvils flat and parallel and polish to a surface finish of 1 in. r/sor a 4-in. (0.0001-mm) height. Observe the basic re
37、quire-ments for measuring, including anvil pressure and overallprecision of the anvils and measuring apparatus, as specified inTable 1.8.2 Set the apparatus for measuring as specified in Section11. Retract the upper anvil by means of the lifting level andinsert the wire specimen between the anvils.
38、Lower the sensinganvil against the specimen and read the deviation of thediameter from the nominal size directly on the indicator andscale of the sensing device. Report the wire size as the averageof three separate determinations made on specimens from thesame spool.8.3 The wire specimen may be rota
39、ted between the anvilsfor out-of-roundness measurements as specified in Section 11.9. Procedure B for Measuring Large Round Wire9.1 Measure round wire, which is between 0.010 and 0.060in. (0.25 and 1.5 mm) in diameter, with combination flat andcylindrical anvils as illustrated in Fig. 3. Lap the mea
40、suringsurface of the sensing anvil 0.115 to 0.135 in. (2.93 to 3.43mm) diameter) and polish to a surface finish of 1 in. r/s or a4-in. (0.0001-mm) height. The fixed anvil shall be cylindricalin shape with a radius of approximately 0.040 in. (1.0 mm) anda length of approximately 0.4 in. (10 mm). Adju
41、st the fixedanvil so that the contacting surfaces of the anvils are parallelwithin 0.00001 in. (0.00025 mm).9.2 A wire location guide may be used on one side of thefixed anvil for locating each piece of wire in approximately thesame position between the anvils. Observe the requirements formeasuring,
42、 including anvil pressure and maximum overallprecision of the anvils and measuring apparatus, as specified inTable 2.9.3 Set the apparatus for measuring as specified in Section7. Retract the sensing anvil and insert the wire specimenbetween the anvils and against the back wire positioning guide.Lowe
43、r the sensing anvil slowly against the specimen and readthe deviation of the wire diameter from the nominal size on thescale and indicator of the sensing device. Report the wirediameter as the average of three separate determinations madeon specimens from the same spool.9.4 The wire specimen may be
44、rotated between anvils forout-of-roundness measurements as specified in Section 11.10. Procedure C for Measuring Thickness of Flat Wireand Ribbon10.1 Measure flat wire and ribbon by means of the follow-ing anvils:10.1.1 For flat wire up to 0.060 in. (1.5 mm) in thickness usethe anvils specified in 9
45、.1 and illustrated in Fig. 3.10.1.2 For ribbon and strip materials up to 0.030 in. (0.8mm) in thickness measure with two cylindrical anvils crossedat right angles as illustrated in Fig. 4. The sensing anvil and thefixed anvil shall have a radius of 0.40 in. (10 mm) and a lengthof approximately 0.40
46、in. (10 mm).10.2 Observe the requirements of measuring, includinganvil pressure and maximum overall precision of the anvils andapparatus, as specified in Table 3.10.3 The measuring apparatus shall be set, calibrated andused as specified in Section 7 and 9.3.11. Measuring Out-of-Roundness11.1 The app
47、aratus specified in Sections 8 and 9 formeasuring wire diameters shall be used for measuring out-of-roundness.11.2 For wire under 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) in diameter, holdthe wire in a rotating device designed to turn the wire about itslongitudinal axis between the anvils of the measuring device.FIG. 3
48、Arrangement of Anvils for Measuring Large Round WireF16 12 (2017)311.3 For wire between 0.010 and 0.060 in. (0.25 and 1.5mm) in diameter, hold one end of the wire in a small pin viceor between the fingers and rotate it between the measuringanvils. One end of the wire may be turned up to form a flag
49、sothat the degree of rotation may be observed.11.4 With a wire specimen between the anvils, retract thesensing anvil before each rotation of the wire and lower it againonto the specimen after the rotation has stopped. With heavierwire, having a degree of curvature, place the concave side ofthe curved surface against the fixed anvil and rotate thespecimen a maximum of 180, between points where the planeof curvature is parallel to the plane of the fixed anvil face.11.5 Make sufficient readings to determine the minimumand maximum diameter of the material. Determine the ext
