1、Designation:F1864(Reapproved2006) Designation: F18 12Standard Specification and Test Method forEvaluation of Glass-to-Metal Headers Used in ElectronDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F18; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification and test method cover acceptance requirements for headers use
3、d in electron devices and describesprocedures for determining conformance to these requirements.1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standar
4、d. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method (Sections 6-127-13) described in this specification. Thisstandard does not purport
5、 to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to
6、This Standard:2.1.1 The header may be described as an external metal member of cylindrical, oval, or other shape into which is sealed oneor more wire leads or metal tubulations through a glass medium. The metal parts may be plated or unplated and the glass may beclear or opaque.3. Significance and U
7、se3.1 This standard covers procedures for conducting mechanical and vacuum leak tests on glass-to-metal headers and is suitablefor quality control and research and development use.3.2 This standard is suitable for assessing both the quality of materials as well as the manufacturing techniques used.4
8、. Acceptance Requirements3.14.1 The headers shall conform to the requirements as specified in 3.1.1 4.1.1 and 3.1.2 4.1.2 when tested in accordance withthe prescribed methods of test (Sections 4-125-13).3.1.14.1.1 Visual:34.1.1.1 Cracks around the lead shall be restricted axially and radially to one
9、 lead diameter. Specimens showing any other typeof crack shall be rejected.34.1.1.2 The glass shall be free of inclusions exceeding one half of the smallest lead diameter. Gas bubbles entirely enclosedby glass are permissible up to a diameter not exceeding that of the smallest lead.34.1.1.3 Metallic
10、 parts shall be as free of draw lines or grooves longer (by visual estimate) than one half of the seal length asbest commercial practice will permit.34.1.1.4 In the case of clear glass seals, reference is made to the seal area only.34.1.1.5 In the case of opaque glass seals, reference is made to any
11、 portion of the exposed metal parts.3.1.24.1.2 Leak:34.1.2.1 With the header sealed to the mass spectrometer leak detector, the number of detectable leaks in a sample lot shall beless than the limit agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.1This specification and test method are under the ju
12、risdiction of ASTM Committee F1 F01 on Electronics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 onMetallic Materials.Current edition approved Jan.Feb. 1, 2006.2012. Published January 2006.March 2012. Originally approved in 1961 as F18 61 T. Last previous edition approved in20002006 as F1
13、8 64 (2000).(2006). DOI: 10.1520/F0018-64R06.10.1520/F0018-12.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all c
14、hanges accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
15、 United States.TEST METHODS4.5. Apparatus4.15.1 Microscope, of 10 power magnification, unless otherwise specified, in combination with suitable incandescent white lightsource.4.25.2 Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector, adjusted to respond to a tracer gas such as helium and capable of detecting leaks of
16、109mL/s at standard temperature and pressure.4.35.3 Hood, having a volume of approximately 250 cm3(2.5 3 104m3), to cover the test specimen completely with the tracergas. (The hood should be flushed with the tracer gas for at least 10 s).4.45.4 Fixture, suitable for making a seal between the header
17、under test and the lead detector. A suggested jig is shown in Fig.1.4.55.5 Bath, two constant temperature water baths, and an immersion bath maintained at a temperature of 80C to 70C.4.65.6 Torque Fixture, capable of holding the header in a fixed position and capable of rotating a lead about its axi
18、s.4.75.7 Bending Fixture, capable of rotating the header through an arc of 90,+05,about an axis of the lead under test andthrough the exit point of the lead from the glass. A weight is attached to the lead at a point close to the extremity.4.85.8 Megohmmeter, for testing electric insulation.4.95.9 F
19、urnace, capable of heating parts to a temperature of 450C maximum.4.105.10 Lead Pull Tester, capable of holding the header in a fixed position while applying a load along the axis of the lead in adirection perpendicular to the plane containing the rim of the header. The displacement of one constrain
20、ing member of the testershall increase at a constant rate with respect to the second constraining member of the tester.FIG. 1 Fixture for Making a Seal Between the Header Under Test and the Leak DetectorF181225.6. Conditions of Test5.1Tests6.1 Tests shall be made in the order indicated in Sections 6
21、-127-13, and on individual specimens unless otherwisespecified. Each test shall be performed with the apparatus described in the corresponding paragraph of Section 45. Tests on leadsshall be made on portion of the lead external to the finished device unless otherwise specified. Lead dimensions refer
22、red to arenominal dimensions agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6.7. Thermal Shock6.1With7.1 With the header at room temperature immerse it in water held at 98C, minimum, for 1 min; and quench in waterat 1C, maximum, for 1 min. The volume of the water bath shall be large enough to prev
23、ent appreciable change in temperatureupon immersion of the header. Repeat this cycle 6 times. Then bake the header in the furnace at 100 6 5C and under a vacuumof less than 103torr (1.33 3 104kPa) for a minimum of 12 h. The headers shall conform to the requirements specified in 3.14.1.7.8. Torque7.1
24、8.1 Leads Less than 0.021 in. (0.53 mm) in DiameterClamp the lead to be tested between 2 and 4 diameters away from theglass. With the header fixed, rotate the lead through 1080 6 30 (3 complete revolutions) about its own axis at a uniform rate of10 to 20 r/min. After completion of the test, the head
25、er shall conform to the requirements specified in 3.14.1.7.28.2 Leads or Terminals Greater than 0.021 in. (0.53 mm) in DiameterTo the outer portion of the terminal at a point between2 and 4 terminal diameters away from the glass, slowly apply a torque of at least 0.445 kgfcm/(mm250 lbfin./(in. of le
26、addiameter)2or 250 lbfin./(in. of lead diameter)or (0.0438 Nm/(mm of lead diameter)2as shown in ) as calculated using the nomograph shownin Fig. 2. The header shall conform to the requirement specified in 3.14.1.8.9. Lead Fatigue89.1 Attach to the flexible lead a weight computed from the following e
27、quations: For Fe-Ni-Co, Dumet, and Ni-Fe alloys (Fig.3):2.43diameterofleadinmm!25kgor55,000 3diameter of lead in in.!2 5 ozFIG. 2 Nomograph of Torque Loads for Various Wire DiametersF18123For Fe-Ni-Co clad copper (Fig. 4): F0018-12_1oror F0018-12_2For Fe-Ni-Co clad copper (Fig. 4):or1.2 3diameter of
28、 lead in mm!2 5 kgThe weighted lead shall be capable of being bent through 5 cycles at a rate of 15 to 20 cycles per minute without breaking. Onecycle consists of a rotation of the header from 0 6 5 (from the normal position) to 90+05andreturning to 0 6 5.10. Electrical Leakage10.1 The d-c resistanc
29、e as measured between any two metal members shall be greater than 1000 MV. Perform this measurementat a temperature of 25 6 5C and a relative humidity of 45 6 10 %. Apply a voltage of at least 500 V dc. The method of cleaningthe headers prior to this test shall be as agreed upon by the purchaser and
30、 the seller.11. Simulated Thermal Welding Shock11.1 Quench the header in water at + 2C, maximum, from a temperature of 400 6 10C for matched seals and 285 6 10CFIG. 3 Nomograph of Weights for Lead Fatigue Test of Fe-Ni-Co, Dumet, and Ni-Fe AlloysFIG. 4 Nomograph of Weights for Lead Fatigue Test of F
31、e-Ni-Co Clad Copper WireF18124for compression seals. Seals should reach thermal equilibrium at the elevated temperature before quenching. Then bake the headerat 1006 5C and under a vacuum less than 103torr (1.33 3 104kPa) for a minimum of 12 h. The header shall then conformto the requirement specifi
32、ed in 4.1.12. Transformation12.1 For matched seals, wrap two layers of tissue paper around the header to minimize thermal shock, and immerse the headerinto a low-temperature bath maintained between 80C and 70C for a minimum period of 1 h. Upon return to roomtemperature, the header shall show no evid
33、ence of transformation and shall conform to the requirements specified in 4.1.13. Pull Test13.1 Subject the leads to an axial pull (or push), with a force, as shown in Fig. 5, of at least 2800 psi (19.3 MPa) of sealed areaon the pulled lead (Note 1). After the pull test the header shall show no evid
34、ence of leaks and shall conform to the requirementsspecified in 4.1.NOTE 1The sealed area of the pulled lead can be determined as follows:A 5pDLwhere:A = sealed area of the pulled lead,D = diameter of the lead, andL = length of the glass-to-metal interface on the lead, excluding the menisci.13.Repor
35、t13.1The report shall include the results of all tests and their conformance with the specified requirements.14. Report14.1 The report shall include the results of all tests and their conformance with the specified requirements.15. Precision and Bias15.1 PrecisionIt is not possible to specify the pr
36、ecision of the test methods contained in Standard F18 for Evaluation ofGlass-to-Metal Headers Used in Electron Devices since interlaboratory studies utilizing these methods have not been conducted.15.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias of the procedures in Standard F18 for Evaluation o
37、f Glass-to-MetalHeaders Used in Electron Devices because no specimens having an accepted reference value (traceable to a national standardslaboratory) are available.FIG. 5 Nomograph of Pull Test Loads for Various Wire Diameters and Seal AreasF1812516. Keywords146.1 electrical testing; glass to metal
38、 sealing; mechanical test methodsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof
39、 infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this s
40、tandard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake you
41、r views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F18126
