1、Designation: F18 12 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification and Test Method forEvaluation of Glass-to-Metal Headers Used in ElectronDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F18; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification and test method cover acceptancerequirements for headers used in electron dev
3、ices and describesprocedures for determining conformance to these require-ments.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 T
4、he following safety hazard caveat pertains only to thetest method (Sections 713) described in this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
5、andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standard
6、s, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 The header may be described as an external metalmember of cylindrical, oval, or other shape into which is sealedone
7、or more wire leads or metal tubulations through a glassmedium. The metal parts may be plated or unplated and theglass may be clear or opaque.3. Significance and Use3.1 This standard covers procedures for conducting me-chanical and vacuum leak tests on glass-to-metal headers andis suitable for qualit
8、y control and research and developmentuse.3.2 This standard is suitable for assessing both the quality ofmaterials as well as the manufacturing techniques used.4. Acceptance Requirements4.1 The headers shall conform to the requirements asspecified in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 when tested in accordance with th
9、eprescribed methods of test (Sections 513).4.1.1 Visual:4.1.1.1 Cracks around the lead shall be restricted axially andradially to one lead diameter. Specimens showing any othertype of crack shall be rejected.4.1.1.2 The glass shall be free of inclusions exceeding onehalf of the smallest lead diamete
10、r. Gas bubbles entirelyenclosed by glass are permissible up to a diameter notexceeding that of the smallest lead.4.1.1.3 Metallic parts shall be as free of draw lines orgrooves longer (by visual estimate) than one half of the seallength as best commercial practice will permit.4.1.1.4 In the case of
11、clear glass seals, reference is made tothe seal area only.4.1.1.5 In the case of opaque glass seals, reference is madeto any portion of the exposed metal parts.4.1.2 Leak:4.1.2.1 With the header sealed to the mass spectrometer leakdetector, the number of detectable leaks in a sample lot shall beless
12、 than the limit agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller.TEST METHODS5. Apparatus5.1 Microscope, of 10 power magnification, unless other-wise specified, in combination with suitable incandescentwhite light source.5.2 Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector, adjusted to respondto a tracer gas such as
13、helium and capable of detecting leaks of109mL/s at standard temperature and pressure.5.3 Hood, having a volume of approximately 250 cm3(2.5104m3), to cover the test specimen completely with thetracer gas. (The hood should be flushed with the tracer gas forat least 10 s).1This specification and test
14、method are under the jurisdiction of ASTMCommittee F01 on Electronics and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF01.03 on Metallic Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 1961 as F18 61 T. Last previous edition a
15、pproved in 2012 as F18 12. DOI: 10.1520/F0018-12R17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in th
16、e Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.4 Fixture, suitable for making a seal between the headerunder test and the lead detector. A suggested jig is shown
17、inFig. 1.5.5 Bath, two constant temperature water baths, and animmersion bath maintained at a temperature of 80Cto 70C.5.6 Torque Fixture, capable of holding the header in a fixedposition and capable of rotating a lead about its axis.5.7 Bending Fixture, capable of rotating the header throughanarcof
18、90,+05,about an axis of the lead under test andthrough the exit point of the lead from the glass. A weight isattached to the lead at a point close to the extremity.5.8 Megohmmeter, for testing electric insulation.5.9 Furnace, capable of heating parts to a temperature of450C maximum.5.10 Lead Pull Te
19、ster, capable of holding the header in afixed position while applying a load along the axis of the leadin a direction perpendicular to the plane containing the rim ofthe header. The displacement of one constraining member ofthe tester shall increase at a constant rate with respect to thesecond const
20、raining member of the tester.6. Conditions of Test6.1 Tests shall be made in the order indicated in Sections 713, and on individual specimens unless otherwise specified.Each test shall be performed with the apparatus described inthe corresponding paragraph of Section 5. Tests on leads shallbe made o
21、n portion of the lead external to the finished deviceunless otherwise specified. Lead dimensions referred to arenominal dimensions agreed upon between the purchaser andthe seller.7. Thermal Shock7.1 With the header at room temperature immerse it in waterheld at 98C, minimum, for 1 min; and quench in
22、 water at 1C,maximum, for 1 min. The volume of the water bath shall belarge enough to prevent appreciable change in temperatureupon immersion of the header. Repeat this cycle 6 times. Thenbake the header in the furnace at 100 6 5C and under avacuum of less than 103torr (1.33 104kPa) for a minimumof
23、12 h. The headers shall conform to the requirementsspecified in 4.1.8. Torque8.1 Leads Less than 0.021 in. (0.53 mm) in DiameterClamp the lead to be tested between 2 and 4 diameters awayfrom the glass. With the header fixed, rotate the lead through1080 6 30 (3 complete revolutions) about its own axi
24、s at auniform rate of 10 to 20 r/min.After completion of the test, theheader shall conform to the requirements specified in 4.1.8.2 Leads or Terminals Greater than 0.021 in. (0.53 mm) inDiameterTo the outer portion of the terminal at a pointbetween 2 and 4 terminal diameters away from the glass,slow
25、ly apply a torque of at least 250 lbfin./(in. of leaddiameter)2or (0.0438 Nm/(mm of lead diameter)2) as calcu-lated using the nomograph shown in Fig. 2. The header shallconform to the requirement specified in 4.1.FIG. 1 Fixture for Making a Seal Between the Header Under Test and the Leak DetectorF18
26、 12 (2017)29. Lead Fatigue9.1 Attach to the flexible lead a weight computed from thefollowing equations: For Fe-Ni-Co, Dumet, and Ni-Fe alloys(Fig. 3):55,000 3 diameter of lead in in.!25 ozor2.4 3 diameter of lead in mm!25 kgFor Fe-Ni-Co clad copper (Fig. 4):23,000 3 diameter of lead in in.!25 ozor1
27、.2 3 diameter of lead in mm!25 kgThe weighted lead shall be capable of being bent through 5cycles at a rate of 15 to 20 cycles per minute without breaking.One cycle consists of a rotation of the header from 0 6 5(from the normal position) to 90+05andreturning to 0 65.10. Electrical Leakage10.1 The d
28、-c resistance as measured between any two metalmembers shall be greater than 1000 M. Perform this mea-surement at a temperature of 25 6 5C and a relative humidityof 45 6 10 %. Apply a voltage of at least 500 V dc. Themethod of cleaning the headers prior to this test shall be asagreed upon by the pur
29、chaser and the seller.FIG. 2 Nomograph of Torque Loads for Various Wire DiametersFIG. 3 Nomograph of Weights for Lead Fatigue Test of Fe-Ni-Co, Dumet, and Ni-Fe AlloysF18 12 (2017)311. Simulated Thermal Welding Shock11.1 Quench the header in water at + 2C, maximum, froma temperature of 400 6 10C for
30、 matched seals and 285 610C for compression seals. Seals should reach thermal equi-librium at the elevated temperature before quenching. Thenbake the header at 1006 5C and under a vacuum less than103torr (1.33 104kPa) for a minimum of 12 h. The headershall then conform to the requirement specified i
31、n 4.1.12. Transformation12.1 For matched seals, wrap two layers of tissue paperaround the header to minimize thermal shock, and immerse theheader into a low-temperature bath maintained be-tween 80C and 70C for a minimum period of 1 h. Uponreturn to room temperature, the header shall show no evidence
32、of transformation and shall conform to the requirementsspecified in 4.1.FIG. 4 Nomograph of Weights for Lead Fatigue Test of Fe-Ni-Co Clad Copper WireFIG. 5 Nomograph of Pull Test Loads for Various Wire Diameters and Seal AreasF18 12 (2017)413. Pull Test13.1 Subject the leads to an axial pull (or pu
33、sh), with aforce, as shown in Fig. 5, of at least 2800 psi (19.3 MPa) ofsealed area on the pulled lead (Note 1). After the pull test theheader shall show no evidence of leaks and shall conform tothe requirements specified in 4.1.NOTE 1The sealed area of the pulled lead can be determined asfollows:A
34、5 DLwhere:A = sealed area of the pulled lead,D = diameter of the lead, andL = length of the glass-to-metal interface on the lead, excluding themenisci.14. Report14.1 The report shall include the results of all tests and theirconformance with the specified requirements.15. Precision and Bias15.1 Prec
35、isionIt is not possible to specify the precision ofthe test methods contained in Standard F18 for Evaluation ofGlass-to-Metal Headers Used in Electron Devices since inter-laboratory studies utilizing these methods have not beenconducted.15.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe proc
36、edures in Standard F18 for Evaluation of Glass-to-Metal Headers Used in Electron Devices because no specimenshaving an accepted reference value (traceable to a nationalstandards laboratory) are available.16. Keywords16.1 electrical testing; glass to metal sealing; mechanicaltest methodsASTM Internat
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40、ds, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 12 (2017)5
