1、Designation: F31 16Standard Specification forNickel-Chromium-Iron Sealing Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F31; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-chromium al-loys (UNS K94760 and UNS K95150) used primarily forglass-sealing applications in electronic devices.1
3、.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, assoc
4、iated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-teri
5、alsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Push-Rod DilatometerE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperat
6、ure, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt AlloysF14 Practice for Making and Testing Reference Glass-MetalBead-SealF140 Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Sealsand Testing for Expansion Characteristics by PolarimetricMethodsF144 Practice for Making Reference Gla
7、ss-Metal SandwichSeal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polari-metric Methods3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Size,3.1.2 Temper (Section 6),3.1.3 Surface finish (Section 8),3.1.4 Marking and packaging (Sec
8、tion 13), and3.1.5 Certification if required.4. Chemical Composition4.1 The material shall conform to the requirements of Table1 as to chemical composition.NOTE 1The major constituents of this alloy may be adjusted by themanufacturer so that the alloy meets the requirement for thermal expan-sion.5.
9、Chemical Analysis5.1 Chemical analysis shall be made, when desired, inaccordance with Test Methods E354.6. Surface Lubricants6.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations suchas drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of beingremoved readily by any of the common organic degreasingso
10、lvents.7. Temper7.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified onthe purchase order. Unless otherwise specified, wire, rod, andtubing shall be given a final bright anneal by the manufacturer.Strip and sheet shall be annealed properly to develop drawingproperties. For deep drawing, the har
11、dness shall not exceedRockwell B90 when determined in accordance with TestMethods E18.8. Grain Size8.1 Strip and sheet for deep drawing applications shall havean average grain size not larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 2),with no more than 10 % of the grains larger than No. 5 whenmeasured in accordance w
12、ithTest Methods E112. For materialsless than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) in thickness, the grain size shallbe such that there are no less than 4 grains across the thickness.NOTE 2This corresponds to a grain size finer than 0.065 mm or 161This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onE
13、lectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1963 as F31 63 T. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asF31 12. DOI: 10.1520/F0031-16.2For reference
14、d ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
15、hohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1grains/in.2of image at 100.9. Dimensional Tolerances9.1 Cold-Rolled StripCold-rolled strip shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 2,Table 3, and Table 4.9.2 Round Wire and RodWire and rod shall conform to thepermissible var
16、iations in dimension prescribed in Table 5.9.3 Cold-Drawn TubingCold-drawn tubing, available ei-ther as seamless or welded, shall conform to the permissiblevariations prescribed in Table 6.10. Surface Finish10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be thoseresulting from the following opera
17、tions:10.1.1 Hot rolling,10.1.2 Forging,10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),10.1.4 Belt polishing,10.1.5 Cold rolling, and drawing, and10.1.6 Wire drawing.10.2 Care shall be taken to prevent the depletion of surfacechromium during processing.11. Thermal Expansion Characteristics11.1 The average linear
18、coefficient of thermal expansionshall be within limits specified in Table 7.12. Test Method for Thermal Expansion12.1 Heat the specimen for 15 min at 1100C in a hydrogenor cracked-ammonia atmosphere with a dew point of 40Cand cool to room temperature at a rate not exceeding 5C/min.12.2 Determine the
19、 thermal expansion characteristics inaccordance with Test Method E228.12.3 The thermal expansion match between the alloy and aglass may be evaluated by preparing and testing an assembly inaccordance with Practice F14, Practice F140, or Practice F144.13. Test Results13.1 Observed or calculated values
20、 obtained from analysis,measurements, or tests shall be rounded off in accordance withthe rounding-off method of Practice E29, to the nearest unit inthe last right-hand place of figures used in expressing thespecified limit.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionElement 42Ni-6Cr(UNS K94760)Composition, %47Ni-6
21、Cr(UNS K95150)Composition, %Nickel, nominal 42.0 47.0Chromium, nominal 5.6 6.0Carbon, max 0.07 0.02Manganese, max 0.25 0.30Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.025Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025Silicon, max 0.30 0.30Aluminum, max 0.20 -Iron remainder remainderTABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled St
22、ripNOTE 1 Measurement shall be made at least38 in. (9.5 mm) from the edge of strip over 1-in. (25.4 mm) wide.Specified Thickness Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, in. (mm) Under 3 in.(Under 76mm)Over 3 to 6in.(76to150mm)Over 6 to 12in.(150 to 300mm)Over 12 to 16in.(300 to 400mm)0.
23、160 to 0.100, incl (4.06 to 2.54) 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.10) 0.004 (0.10)0.099 to 0.069, incl (2.51 to 1.75) 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.10)0.068 to 0.050, incl (1.73 to 1.27) 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)0.049 to 0.035, incl (1.24 to 0.89)
24、 0.002 (0.05) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)0.034 to 0.029, incl (0.86 to 0.74) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.05) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.0025 (0.064)0.028 to 0.026, incl (0.71 to 0.66) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05)0.025 to 0.020, incl (0.64 to 0.51) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.
25、038) 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05)0.019 to 0.017, incl (0.48 to 0.43) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.05)0.016 to 0.012, incl (0.41 to 0.30) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038)0.011 to 0.0101, incl (0.28 to 0.256) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015
26、 (0.038)0.010 to 0.0091, incl (0.254 to 0.231) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025)0.009 to 0.006, incl (0.228 to 0.152) 0.00075 (0.019) 0.00075 (0.019) . .Under 0.006 (0.152) 0.0005 (0.013) 0.0005 (0.013) . .F3116214. General Requirements14.1 The material shall be commercially sm
27、ooth, uniform incross section, in composition, and in temper; it shall be free ofscale, corrosion, cracks, seams, scratches, slivers, and otherdefects as best commercial practice will permit.TABLE 3 Permissible Variation in Thickness Across Width of StripSpecified ThicknessMaximum Variation in Thick
28、ness Across Width of Strip, Within Those Provided for in Table 1 for Edge Measurementsfor Widths and Thicknesses Given,in. (mm)5 in. andUnder(127 mm andUnder)Over 5 to12 in.(Over 127 to 300mm)Over 12 to 24 in.,incl(Over 300 to 600mm)0.005 to 0.010, incl (0.13 to 0.25) 0.00075 (0.019) 0.001 (0.025) 0
29、.0015 (0.038)Over 0.010 to 0.025, incl (0.25 to 0.64) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051)Over 0.025 to 0.065, incl (0.64 to 1.65) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064)Over 0.065 to316, excl (1.65 to 4.74) 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076)TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Width
30、of Cold-Rolled Strip Supplied in CoilsSpecified Thickness Permissible Variations in Width for Widths Given, in. (mm)Under12to316 in.(Under12.7 to4.75 mm)12 to6in.(12.7 to150 mm)Over 6 to9in.(150 to225 mm)Over 9 to12 in.(225 to300 mm)Over 12to 20 in.(300 to500 mm)Over20 to231516 in.(500 to 600mm)0.18
31、7 to 0.161 (4.75 to 4.09) . 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51) 0.031 (0.79) 0.031 (0.79)0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54) 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51)0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75) 0.008 (0.20) 0.008 (0.20) 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.020
32、(0.51)0.068 and under (1.73) 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51)TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Diameter of Wire and RodSpecified DiameterPermissible Variations inDiameter, in. (mm) in. (mm)Wire (Coiled, Spooled or Straight Lengths)0.002 to 0.0043 (0.051 t
33、o 0.109) 0.0002 (0.005)0.0044 to 0.0079 (112 to 0.200) 0.00025 (0.0064)0.008 to 0.0149 (0.203 to 0.378) 0.0003 (0.0076)0.015 to 0.0199 (0.381 to 0.505) 0.0004 (0.0102)0.020 to 0.0309 (0.508 to 0.785) 0.0005 (0.0127)0.031 to 0.0409 (0.787 to 1.039) 0.0006 (0.0152)0.041 to 0.0609 (1.041 to 1.547) 0.00
34、07 (0.0178)0.061 to 0.0809 (1.549 to 2.055) 0.0008 (0.0203)0.081 to 0.1259 (2.057 to 3.198) 0.001 (0.0254)0.126 to 0.1569 (3.200 to 3.985) 0.0015 (0.038)0.157 to 0.250 (3.988 to 6.35) 0.002 (0.051)Rod, Centerless Ground Finish (Straight Lengths)0.030 to 0.0549 (0.766 to 1.394) 0.0005 (0.0127)0.055 t
35、o 0.1249 (1.397 to 3.172) 0.001 (0.0254)0.125 to 0.499 (3.175 to 12.67) 0.0015 (0.038)0.500 to 0.999 (12.70 to 25.37) 0.002 (0.051)1.000 to 1.625 (25.4 to 41.27) 0.0025 (0.064)1.626 to 1.749 (41.3 to 44.42) 0.003 (0.076)1.750 to 1.999 (44.45 to 50.17) 0.004 (0.010)2.000 to 4.000 (50.8 to 101.6) 0.00
36、5 (0.013)TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Standard TubingSpecified Outside Diameter, Permissible VariationsAin. (mm)Outside Diameter Inside DiameterWall Thickness, plus orminus, %in. (mm) in. (mm)Under 0.093 (2.36) + 0.0020.000( + 0.051)(0.000)+ 0.0000.002( + 0.000)(0.051)100.093 to 0
37、.187, excl (2.36 to 4.75) + 0.003 ( + 0.076) + 0.000 ( + 0.000) 100.000 (0.000) 0.003 (0.076)0.187 to 0.550, excl (4.75 to 12.7) + 0.004 ( + 0.102) + 0.000 ( + 0.000) 100.000 (0.000) 0.004 (0.102)0.500 to 1.500, excl (12.7 to 38.1) + 0.005 ( + 0.13) + 0.000 ( + 0.000) 100.000 (0.00) 0.005 (0.13)AAny
38、 two of the three dimensional tolerances listed may be specified.F3116315. Packaging and Package Marking15.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between thepurchaser and seller.15.2 The material as furnished under this specification shallbe identified by the name or symbol of the manufacturer an
39、d bymelt number. The lot size for determining compliance with therequirements of this specification shall be one heat.16. Investigation of Claims16.1 Where any material fails to meet the requirements ofthis specification, the material so designated shall be handled inaccordance with the agreement mu
40、tually agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the seller.17. Keywords17.1 glass-to-metal sealing; iron-nickel-chromium alloy;UNS K94760 ; UNS K95150APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. THERMAL EXPANSION DATAX1.1 The following typical thermal expansion data for 42 %nickel-6 % and 47 % nickel-6 % chrom
41、ium-iron sealing alloys(UNS K94760 and UNS K95150) are given for informationonly.Temperature Range. C42Ni-6Cr (UNS K94760)Average Linear Coefficient of ThermalExpansion. m/mC47Ni-6Cr (UNS K95150)Average Linear Coefficient of ThermalExpansion. m/mC30 to 300 7.9 9.230 to 400 9.8 10.430 to 500 11.2 11.
42、630 to 600 12.1 12.530 to 700 13.0 ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
43、of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this
44、 standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake y
45、our views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by c
46、ontacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 7 Coefficient of Thermal ExpansionATemperature Range, C 42Ni-6Cr (UNSK94760)Coefficient, 106/C47Ni-6Cr (UNSK95150)Coefficient, 106/C30 to 42530 to 3509.7 to 10.78.5 to 9.59.9 to 10.98.7 to 9.7ATypical expansion data up to 700C are given in the Appendix.F31164
