1、Designation: F 362 91 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Erasability of Inked Ribbons1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the eras-ability of inked ribbons.1.2 Results are expressed in visual rankin
3、g order or incomparison to a control.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory lim
4、itations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 725 Method for Identification of Wire Sides of Paper3F 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made TherefromF 497 Practice for Use of the Electric and Electronic Type-writer as a Test Instrument2
5、.2 TAPPI Standard:T 476 Abrasion Loss of Paper and Paperboard43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms applicable to this test method,refer to Terminology F 221.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method subjects a printed pattern to a con-trolled abrasive action similar to er
6、asing and provides acomparative measure of image removal.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to compare the relative eras-ability of similar ribbons having approximately the sameamount (degree) of ink (inking) transfer capability. It issuitable for compiling rankings for comparative
7、testing againsta control ribbon for service evaluation and quality control(research).6. Interferences6.1 The degree of image removal can and will vary due tothe differences and variations in paper, machines, inks, types ofink, and ribbon application.6.2 The use of (the) control ribbons is recommende
8、d (sinceit is impossible to match all possible causes of variation).7. Apparatus and Materials7.1 Typewriter, or other device for preparing a uniformprinted pattern. Special type for creating grid patterns isavailable from several typewriter manufacturers. Care must beexercised to assure the same ty
9、ping conditions and paper areused for all samples. Refer to Practice F 497.7.2 Ribbon of known quality used as a control.7.3 Abrasion TesterThe Taber abraser Model 174, or itsequivalent shall be used.7.4 Abrasive WheelsThe grade of Calibrase wheels des-ignated as CS-10F shall be used.7.5 Auxiliary W
10、eighs, 500-g.7.6 Specimen Holder, grade E100-125.7.7 Specimen Mounting Cards, grade S-36.7.8 PaperIn normal use in facility where tests are con-ducted, the felt side of the paper shall be used for all tests, if thefelt side can be identified (see Method D 725). If it can not beidentified, use same s
11、ide for all tests.8. Test Specimen8.1 The test specimen shall be a printed pattern createdusing the test ribbon and control ribbon. Care should be takenthat an unused portion of the ribbon is tested.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on Busi-ness Imaging Products and i
12、s the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.02 onInked Transfer Imaging Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 362 91 (2000)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.
13、org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn4Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, Technol-ogy Park/Atlanta, PO Box 105113, Atlan
14、ta, GA 30348.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9. Calibration and Standardization9.1 Adjust the typewriter to produce a uniform patternsimilar in print darkness to typical printing. Maintain thisadjustment throughout th
15、e test series. See Practice F 497.9.2 Adjust the abrasion tester according to the instructionsfound in TAPPI Method T 476.10. Procedure10.1 Conduct the test in an environment with stable condi-tions of temperature and relative humidity. If available, stan-dard conditions 50.06 2.0 % relative humidit
16、y and 23.0 61.0C (73.4 6 3.6F) should be used.10.2 Create a uniform printed pattern approximately 0.6 by4.0 in. (15 by 102 mm) with each ribbon to be evaluated, andmount the patterns on the specimen mounting cards. Severalpatterns may be grouped together on one piece of paper andmounted on one card.
17、10.3 Subject each pattern to the abrasion test using thewheels with auxiliary 500-g weights. The duration of the testshould be the same for each pattern; 200 cycles has provedsatisfactory for fabric ribbons and bond paper.10.4 The number of cycles may be adjusted depending uponthe degree of abrasion
18、 required to make an effective evaluation.Once the number of cycles is established, all tests shall be runat that number.10.5 Run a sufficient number of replicate patterns from eachribbon to satisfy the precision requirements of the test. Forfabric ribbons printed on bond paper, a minimum of fiverep
19、licates is suggested.11. Results11.1 Visually examine and compare the abraded specimens.Establish a ranking order and compare to the control, that is“better than,” “equal to,” or “poorer than.”12. Report12.1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 All test and instrument parameters (such as, t
20、ype ofpaper used number of abrasion cycles per test, temperature,relative humidity, etc.),12.2 Report a visual ranking order or comparison to thecontrol.13. Precision and Bias13.1 A repeatable ranking order can be established based onthe results of an evaluation performed by a single operator.Compar
21、ison of results with different operators may be effecteddue to judgment differences in evaluation of the images. Biasis unknown.14. Keywords14.1 abrasion; erasability; inked ribbons; typewriter; type-writer ribbonsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asse
22、rted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by
23、 the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will recei
24、ve careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Inter
25、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 362 91 (2005)2
