1、Designation: E488/E488M 10Standard Test Methods forStrength of Anchors in Concrete Elements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E488/E488M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods address the tensile and shearstre
3、ngths of post-installed and cast-in-place anchors in testmembers made of cracked or uncracked concrete. Loadingsinclude quasi-static, seismic, fatigue and shock. Environmentalexposures include freezing and thawing, moisture, decreasedand elevated temperatures and corrosion. These test methodsprovide
4、 basic testing procedures for use with product-specificevaluation and acceptance standards and are intended to beperformed in a testing laboratory. Product-specific evaluationand acceptance standards may add specific details and appro-priate parameters as needed to accomplish the testing. Onlythose
5、tests required by the specifying authority need to beperformed.1.2 These test methods are intended for use with post-installed and cast-in-place anchors designed for installationperpendicular to a plane surface of a test member.1.3 This standard prescribes separate procedures for static,seismic, fat
6、igue and shock testing. Nothing in this standard,however, shall preclude combined tests incorporating two ormore of these types of loading (such as seismic, fatigue andshock tests in series).1.4 Both inch-pound and SI units are provided in thisstandard. The testing may be performed in either system
7、andreported in that system and the results converted to the other.However, anchor diameters, threads, and related testing equip-ment shall be in accordance with either inch-pound or SIprovisions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
8、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC3
9、3/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggr
10、egates forStructural ConcreteE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of MetallicMaterialsE468 Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fa-tigue Test Results for Metallic MaterialsE575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests ofBu
11、ilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-sembliesE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE2265 Terminology for Anchors and Fasteners in Concreteand MasonryF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension
12、 Indicators, and RivetsF606M Test Methods for Determining the MechanicalProperties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, and Rivets (Metric)F1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em-brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental StepLoading TechniqueG5 Reference Test Met
13、hod for Making Potentiostatic andPotentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13on Structural Performance of Connections in Building Construction.C
14、urrent edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published February 2011. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E488 96 (2003).DOI: 10.1520/E0488_E0488-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. Fo
15、r Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI B212.15 American National Standard for Cuttin
16、gToolsCarbide-Tipped Masonry Drills and Blanks forCarbide-Tipped Masonry Drills3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to buildingconstruction used in this standard, refer to Terminology E631,and for definitions of terms related to anchoring, refer toTerminology
17、E2265.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 load-controlled undercut anchor, na post-installedanchor that derives its tensile holding strength by the mechani-cal interlock provided by installing the anchor by tensioning,which causes the sleeve to expand into the predrilled undercu
18、t.3.2.2 post-installed anchor, nan anchor that is installedafter the placement and hardening of concrete.3.2.3 run-out, na condition in which failure does notoccur within the specified number of load cycles in a fatiguetest.3.2.4 standard temperature, n73F (23C) 6 8F (6C).3.2.5 test member, nthe bas
19、e material in which the anchoris installed and which resists forces from the anchor.3.3 Symbols:ca= distance from the center of an anchor shaftto the edge of test member, in. (mm).cmin= minimum distance from the center of ananchor shaft to the edge of test member,determined from tests, in. (mm).d =
20、nominal diameter of anchor to be tested, in.(mm).dfix= diameter of hole in shear sleeve, $d, in.(mm).dhole= diameter of drilled borehole in test speci-men, in.(mm).dm= diameter of carbide-tipped drill bit withdiameter on low end of tolerance range fornew bit, representing moderately used bit,in. (mm
21、).dmax= diameter of carbide-tipped drill bit withdiameter on high end of tolerance range fornew bit, representing bit as large as wouldbe expected in use, in. (mm).dmin= diameter of carbide-tipped drill bit withdiameter below low end of tolerance rangefor new bit representing a well-used bit, in.(mm
22、).do= outside diameter of post-installed anchor,in. (mm).dopening= diameter of hole in confining plate forconfined tension tests, in. (mm).Fcr= crack-inducing force, applied to reinforcingbars, lb (N).fc= specified concrete compressive strength,psi (MPa).fc,ref= specified compressive strength of ref
23、erenceconcrete test member, psi (MPa).fc,test= specified compressive strength of concretetest member, psi (MPa).hef= effective embedment depth, measured fromthe concrete surface to the deepest point atwhich the anchor tension load is transferredto the concrete, in. (mm).hmin= minimum member thicknes
24、s, in. (mm).hnom= distance between embedded end of con-crete screw and concrete surface, in. (mm).nct= number of test cycles.npt= number of permitted pretest crack cycles.Np,cr= characteristic pullout resistance in crackedconcrete for the minimum specified con-crete strength of 2500 psi (17 MPa), as
25、determined from tests in cracked concrete,lb (N).Nst,mean= mean ultimate steel capacity determinedfrom tensile tests on full-sized anchorspecimens, lb (N).Nsust,l= sustained load, lb (N).Nsust,con= sustained load used for confined referencetests, lb (N).Nsust,ft= specified constant tension load, lb
26、(N).Nu,con,mean= mean ultimate load determined from con-fined reference tests, lb (N).Nu,mean= mean ultimate load determined from tests,lb (N).Nw= tensile load in tests of anchors located incracks whose opening width is cycled, lb(N).smin= minimum anchor spacing, determined fromtest, in. (mm).tfix=
27、effective thickness of shear sleeves (see d),in. (mm).tpl= thickness of confining plate for tensiontests, $d, in. (mm).Tinst= specified or maximum setting torque forexpansion or prestressing of an anchor, ftlb(Nm).Tscrew= specified maximum setting torque to pre-vent anchor failure during installatio
28、n, ft-lb(N-m).W1= largest crack width during test, in. (mm).W2= smallest crack width during test, in. (mm).W3= largest crack width at beginning of test, in.(mm).!side= side length of test cube, in. (mm).4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducibledata from which
29、 acceptance criteria, design data, and specifi-cations can be developed for anchors intended to be installed inconcrete.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E488/E488M 1025. Apparatus5.1 Testing Equipment:5.1.1
30、 GeneralUse calibrated electronic load and displace-ment measuring devices meeting the specified sampling rate.Use load-measuring equipment with an accuracy of 61%ofthe anticipated ultimate load and calibrated in accordance withPractices E4. Use displacement measuring devices with anaccuracy of 60.0
31、01 in. (60.025 mm) and crack-width mea-suring devices with an accuracy of 60.0005 in. (60.013 mm).For recording load and displacement measurements, use adata-acquisition system capable of recording at least 120 datapoints per instrument for each individual test, prior to reachingpeak load. The testi
32、ng equipment shall have sufficient capacityto prevent yielding of its components under the anticipatedultimate load, and shall have sufficient stiffness to ensure thatthe applied tension loads remain parallel to the axes of theanchors and that the applied shear loads remain parallel to thesurface of
33、 the test member during testing.5.1.2 Tension Test EquipmentThe support for the tensiontest equipment shall be of sufficient size to prevent failure ofthe surrounding test member. The loading rod shall be ofsufficient diameter to develop the anticipated ultimate strengthof the anchorage hardware wit
34、h an elastic elongation notexceeding 10 % of the anticipated elastic elongation of theanchor, and shall be attached to the anchorage system by aconnector that will minimize the direct transfer of bendingstress to the anchor. The displacement measuring device(s)shall be positioned to measure the move
35、ment of the anchorswith respect to points on the test member so that the device isnot influenced during the test by deflection or failure of theanchor or test member. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 for examples oftypical test setups.NOTE 1Other support geometries are acceptable.Table 1 gives the minimum requ
36、ired clear distance from thetest support to the anchor for tension and shear loading.5.1.3 Shear Test EquipmentPosition the displacement-measuring device(s) to measure displacement in the directionof the applied load only. Place the device on the test memberso that the sensing element bears perpendi
37、cularly on the anchoror on a contact plate located on the loading plate, or useanother method that restricts deflections other than those in thedirection of the applied load. See Fig. 4 for a typical exampleof a shear test setup. For tests on anchor groups, the axis of thedisplacement-measuring devi
38、ce shall coincide with the cen-troid of the group. Table 1 gives the minimum required cleardistance from the test support to the anchor shear loadingtoward a free edge.5.2 Group Test EquipmentMeasure the simultaneous dis-placement of all anchors or groups of anchors tested. Only oneset of displaceme
39、nt-measuring devices is required for a groupof anchors. Displacement measurements as described in 5.1.1include components of deformation not directly associatedwith displacement of the anchor relative to the test member,such as elastic elongation of the loading rod, deformation ofthe loading plate,
40、sleeves, shims, attachment hardware, andlocal test member material. Using supplementary measuringdevices or calibration test data for the installed test set-up witha rigid anchor replacing the anchor to be tested, identify suchdeformation components and subtract them from the totalmeasured displacem
41、ent. To evaluate the findings, use theaverage displacement indicated by the instruments in eachgroup.5.3 Loading Plates:5.3.1 For tension loading the plate thickness tfixin theimmediate vicinity of the test anchor shall be equal to orgreater than the nominal anchor diameter to be tested.FIG. 1 Examp
42、le of Unconfined Tension Test Setup Displacement Measurement with Dual LVDTsE488/E488M 1035.3.2 For shear testing the plate thickness tfixin the imme-diate vicinity of the test anchor shall be equal to the nominalanchor diameter to be tested, 116 +18 in. (1.5 +3.0 mm). Thehole in the loading plate s
43、hall have a diameter of0.06 6 0.03 in. (3.0 6 1.5 mm) greater than the specified di-ameter of the test anchor unless another diameter is specified.The shape of the hole in the loading plate shall correspond tothat of the anchor cross section. When sleeve inserts of therequired diameter are used they
44、 shall be periodically inspectedand replaced to meet these requirements and prevent eccentricloading of sleeve. See Fig. 5 for a representative shear platewith sleeves. The contact area between the loading platethrough which the anchor is installed and the test member shallbe as given in Table 2, un
45、less otherwise specified. Chamfer orsmooth the edges of the loading plate so that it does not dig intothe concrete. Place a sheet of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)or other friction-limiting materials with a minimum thicknessof 0.020 in. (0.5 mm) between the loading plate and basematerial surface. Th
46、e friction-limiting material shall preventcontact of the loading plate with the base material.5.4 Unconfined and Confined Test Equipment:5.4.1 Unconfined TestsFig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a typicalunconfined tension test setup with supports spaced as requiredto permit the unrestricted development of a con
47、ical concretefracture surface. The values given in Table 1 for requiredclearances between the anchor and the test support shall beconsidered to satisfy this requirement.5.4.2 Confined TestsFig. 3 shows a typical confinedtension test setup for anchors, in which the reaction force istransferred into t
48、he concrete close to the anchor. The confiningplate shall have a hole with diameter between 1.5 dholeand2.0 dhole, and a thickness tfix$d. Place a sheet of polytetra-fluoroethylene (PTFE) or other friction-limiting materials witha minimum thickness of 0.020 in. (0.5 mm) between theloading plate and
49、base material surface. The friction-limitingmaterial shall prevent contact of the confining plate with thebase material.5.5 Cracked Concrete Testing:5.5.1 Equipment for Controlling CracksThe test appara-tus shall be capable of controlling the crack width. A typicaltension test setup for cracked concrete is shown in Fig. 6.NOTE 2Fig. 6 shows testing of multiple anchors. Smaller test mem-bers can be used for testing single anchors.6. Test Specimens6.1 Anchorage SystemThe anchors or anchorage systemshall be representative of the type and lot to be used
