1、Designation: E 492 04Standard Test Method forLaboratory Measurement of Impact Sound TransmissionThrough Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the TappingMachine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 492; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method is one of several for evaluating the sound insulating prop
3、erties of buildingelements. It is designed to measure the impact sound transmission performance of an isolatedfloor-ceiling assembly, in a controlled laboratory environment. Others in the set deal with fieldmeasurement of impact sound transmission through floor-ceiling assemblies, and the laboratory
4、 andfield methods of measuring airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls,floor-ceiling assemblies, doors, and other space-dividing elements.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement ofimpact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using astanda
5、rdized tapping machine. It is assumed that the testspecimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path intoa receiving room located directly below and that a diffusesound field exists in this room.1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling as-semblies of all kinds, including those with
6、floating-floor orsuspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assem-blies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure forreporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-thirdoctave band sound pressure
7、 levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the a
8、pplicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental AcousticsE 90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of AirborneSound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Ele-mentsE 548 Guide for General Criteria Used
9、for EvaluatingLaboratory Competence3E 717 Guide for the Preparation of the Accreditation Annexof Acoustical Test StandardsE 989 Classification for Determination of Impact InsulationClass (IIC)E 2235 Test Method for the Determination of Decay Ratesfor Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods2.2 ANSI Stan
10、dards:S1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters4S1.26 Method for the Calculation of the Absorption ofSound by the Atmosphere42.3 ISO Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 onEnvironmental Acoustics and is the direct
11、responsibility of Subcommittee E33.03 onSound Transmission.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved 1973. Last previous edition approved 1996 as E 492 90 (1996)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servi
12、ce at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
13、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ISO 140/6 AcousticsMeasurement of Sound Insulation inBuildings and of Building Elements Part 6: LaboratoryMeasurements of Impact Sound Insulation of Floors43. Terminology3.1 The acoustical terminology used in this method isconsi
14、stent with Terminology C 634 except for the followingspecial usages.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 receiving rooma reverberant room below the floorspecimen under test in which the sound pressure levels due tothe tapping machine are measured.3.2.2 source roomthe room contain
15、ing the tapping ma-chine.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A standard tapping machine is placed in operation on atest-floor specimen that forms a horizontal separation betweentwo rooms, one directly above the other. (See Section 6.) Thetransmitted impact sound characterized by the spectrum of thespace-ti
16、me average one-third octave band sound pressurelevels produced by the tapping machine is measured in thereceiving room below.4.2 Since the spectrum depends on the absorption of thereceiving room, the sound pressure levels are normalized to areference absorption for purposes of comparing results ob-t
17、ained in different receiving rooms that differ in absorption.5. Significance and Use5.1 The evaluation of the impact sound-insulating perfor-mance of a floor-ceiling assembly begins with the measure-ment of the sound pressure levels in the room below the testspecimen. The spectrum of the noise in th
18、e room below isdetermined by the following:5.1.1 The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting oredge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below, and5.1.3 Inevitably, the characteristi
19、cs and placement of theobject or device producing the impacts and the nature or degreeof the actual impact itself.5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardizedtapping machine of the type specified in 8.1.1 and placed inspecific positions on the floor. This machine produces acontinuous s
20、eries of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a testfloor and generates in the receiving room broadband soundpressure levels sufficiently high to make accurate and repro-ducible measurements possible. The tapping machine itself,however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact,such as prod
21、uced by male or female footsteps.NOTE 1Caution: Because of its portable design, the tapping machinedoes not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the creak orboom of a limber floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation maynot be reflected in the single number impact rating derived
22、from testresults obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between theresults of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the overall fieldperformance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impactexcitation may be subject to some variation, depending on both the typeof floor
23、 construction and the nature of the impact excitation.6. Test Rooms6.1 Flanking Transmission:6.1.1 The test rooms shall be so constructed and arrangedthat the test specimen constitutes the only important transmis-sion path between them. The impact sound pressure leveltransmitted through the test str
24、ucture shall be at least 10 dBgreater than that transmitted into the receiving room by allother paths.6.1.2 The limit of impact sound levels that can be measuredin the receiving room without being biased by flankingtransmission must be determined for each test facility. Asuggested method is to build
25、 and install in the usual manner atest specimen and to measure the vibration acceleration levelsof the test specimen in the receiving room and the receivingroom walls. If the former exceeds the latter by 10 dB, one mayconsider the flanking transmission due to vibrating roomsurfaces as negligible. Th
26、e amount of energy radiated from astructure depends upon its radiating efficiency as well as itsamplitude of vibrations.NOTE 2The amount of flanking transmission may also be determinedby using sound intensity techniques to measure the contribution of theradiating surfaces and any possible airborne l
27、eaks.6.2 Size and Shape of Receiving RoomTo produce anacceptable approximation to the assumed diffuse sound fields,especially in the lowest test frequency band, the receivingroom should meet the following requirements.6.2.1 Volume of Receiving RoomThe recommended mini-mum volume of the receiving roo
28、m is 125 m3(4415 ft3).Laboratories that use a volume smaller than 125 m3must reportthe room volume in their test report (1, 2).56.2.2 Room ShapeIt is recommended that no two dimen-sions of the receiving room be the same or in the ratio of smallwhole numbers. The ratio of largest to smallest dimensio
29、n ofthe room should be less than two.NOTE 3Theoretical studies of rectangular rooms (2, 3, 4) suggest thatthe proportions 1:21/3:22/3provide an optimum distribution of modes inthe lowest bands. Minor deviations in construction, or the presence ofdiffusers, will alter the actual distribution.6.3 Soun
30、d DiffusionEven in receiving rooms meeting therequirements of 6.2, measurements in the lower test bands arelikely to depend critically on microphone locations. Space/timevariations in measured sound pressure levels can be minimizedby using a diffusing panel system that incorporates stationaryor movi
31、ng diffusing panels, or both. For this reason it issuggested that the receiving room should be fitted withdiffusing panels. It has been found that diffusing panelsmeeting the following requirements have been effective indiffusing sound fields. This is not to say that other diffusingpanels are more o
32、r less effective. Each laboratory should selectand install diffusing elements such that they meet the precisionrequirements of 11.3.6.3.1 The recommended minimum dimension of any diffus-ing panel is 1 m excluding thickness and recommendedminimum surface mass of the panels is 5 kg/m2(1 lb/ft2).5The b
33、oldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.E4920426.3.2 Fixed diffusing panels should be suspended in randomorientations throughout the room space. The distribution of thepanels should be determined experimentally in order to providean acceptably unifor
34、m sound which satisfies the precisionrequirements of 11.3.6.3.3 Moving diffusers usually comprise a set of rotating oroscillating panels set at oblique angles relative to the roomsurfaces. These devices are known to be particularly effectivein producing a uniform sound field.6.3.4 The recommended to
35、tal single-sided area of fixed plusmoving panels should be greater than 10 to 15 % of the totalsurface of the receiving room.6.4 Room Absorption:6.4.1 The sound absorption in the receiving room should below in order to achieve the best possible simulation of the idealdiffuse field condition, and in
36、order to minimize the regiondominated by the direct field of the test specimen. It isrecommended that in the frequency range that extends from f= 2000/V1/3to 2000 Hz that the Sabin absorption in thereceiving room (as furnished with diffusers) and corrected forair absorption be no greater than the fo
37、llowing:A 5 V2/3/3 (1)where:V = the room volume, m3, andA = the room absorption in metric sabins.For frequencies below f = 2000/V1/3, (where the number2000 is an empirical constant with the units (metres/seconds)somewhat higher absorption may be desirable to accommodateother test requirements (for e
38、xample, ANSI S1.32, ISO 3741);in any case, the absorption should be no greater than threetimes the value given by Eq 1.NOTE 4To minimize errors related to atmospheric absorption, thetemperature and humidity in the receiving room should be kept constantduring both the transmission and absorption meas
39、urements; for monitor-ing purposes, temperature and humidity should be measured and recordedduring each days testing. (See ANSI S1.26 on air absorption correction.)6.5 The information and recommendations of 6.2-6.4 areprovided so that the closest possible approximation to a diffusesound field will e
40、xist in the receiving room. The spatialvariations measured in the receiving room shall be such that theprecision requirements in 11.3 are satisfied at all frequencies.7. Test Specimens7.1 Size and MountingThe test specimen shall include allof the essential constructional elements and surfacing mater
41、ialsnormally found in an actual installation. Some elements mayhave to be reduced in size in order to fit each laboratorys testopening. In the case of precast or preformed solid concreteslabs or hollow-masonry panel structures, it is recommendedthat the test specimen include two or more complete sla
42、bs orpanel units. It is recommended that the area of the testspecimen be at least 10 m2and have a minimum dimension of2.4 m. The test specimen shall be sealed and structurallyisolated from the receiving room to avoid significant flankingtransmission.7.2 Aging of Specimens:7.2.1 Test specimens that i
43、ncorporate materials for whichthere is a curing process (for example: adhesives, plasters,concrete, mortar, damping compound) shall age for a sufficientinterval before testing. Aging periods for certain commonmaterials are specified in Annex A1. Shorter aging periods maybe used if test data indicate
44、 that additional aging does not affectacoustical performance (see Note 5).7.2.2 In the case of materials whose aging characteristics arenot known, repeated tests over a reasonable time shall be madeon at least one specimen to determine an appropriate agingperiod.NOTE 5A suggested procedure for deter
45、mining if a specimen has agedsufficiently is to conduct a series of tests on the specimen after 2, 4, 7, 14or 28 days of aging. If for two consecutive tests on different days thechange in the one-third octave band sound pressure levels at each testfrequency is within the range of repeatability for l
46、aboratory tests on thesame specimen using identical facilities and equipment, then the specimencan be considered to have aged sufficiently.7.3 Installation of Floor-Surfacing Materials:7.3.1 Floor-surfacing materials of significant weight, suchas carpets and pads, especially when installed with adhe
47、sive,may significantly affect the response of the test specimen toimpacter, both during test and in normal use. Consequently,such materials should be deemed parts of the test specimen.The materials and the manner of installing them should be fullydescribed (see also 7.3.2 and 7.3.3). The floor-surfa
48、cing mate-rial should cover the whole test specimen, not merely theportions under the impact machine.7.3.2 The installation or laying of floor-surfacing materialsshall be in accordance with manufacturers instruction, espe-cially in regard to cleaning and priming of the subfloor. It isrecommended tha
49、t flooring materials, including underlaymentsand adhesives, be stored in an environment similar to that ofthe source room for at least 72 h before installation, preferablywith bundles or cartons broken open. It is recommended thatthe environmental conditions be regulated to a temperature of15 to 25C and a relative humidity of 30 to 60 %. Theenvironmental conditions in both the source and receivingrooms should be controlled and recorded.7.3.3 The foregoing procedure is recommended for instal-lation of any flooring material whether by nailing or adhesivetechniques. Alth
