1、Designation: E505 01 (Reapproved 2011)E505 15Standard Reference Radiographs forInspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Die Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate the categories and severity levels of discontinuities that may
3、occur in aluminum-alloyand magnesium-alloy die castings. They are intended to provide:1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and severity level throughradiographic examination.1.1.2 Example radiographic illustrations of discontinuities and a n
4、omenclature for reference in acceptance standards,specifications, and drawings.1.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.Ex
5、ample radiographic illustrationsof discontinuities and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifications, and drawings.NOTE 1The set of reference radiographs consists of five 812 by 11-in. cardboard frames containing radiographs covering discontinuities in aluminumand magnesium al
6、loy die castings. The first four frames each contain two sets of four graded levels of increasing severity, while the last frame containstwo ungraded radiographs. The 5 frames are contained in a 1012 by 1112-in. ring binder.NOTE 2Reference radiographs applicable to aluminum and magnesium castings up
7、 to 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness are contained in ASTM ReferenceRadiographs E155, for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings, Volumes I and II.1.2 Two kinds of illustration categories are covered as follows:1.2.1 GradedThree discontinuity categories for aluminum die castings and three discontin
8、uity categories for magnesium diecastings, each illustrated in four levels of progressively increasing severity. CategoryAdiscontinuities are illustrated for aluminumand magnesium die castings having thicknesses of 18 in. (3.2 mm) and 58 in. (15.9 mm); Category B discontinuities are illustratedfor 1
9、8-in. thick aluminum and magnesium die castings; and Category C discontinuities are illustrated for 58-in. thick aluminum andmagnesium die castings.1.2.2 UngradedOne illustration of one discontinuity for 0.20-in. (5.1-mm) thickness aluminum die casting; and oneillustration of one discontinuity for 1
10、8-in. (3.2-mm) thickness magnesium die casting.1.3 This document may be used for other materials, thicknesses, or with other energy levels for which it has been found to beapplicable and agreement has been reached between the purchaser and manufacturer.1.4 From time to time, there may be minor chang
11、es to the process for manufacturing of the reference radiograph adjunctmaterials. These changes could include changes in the films or processing chemicals used, changes in the dies or printing for thecardboard mats, etc.; however, in all cases, these changes are reviewed by the Illustration Monitori
12、ng Subcommittee and allreference radiographs are reviewed against a fixed prototype image to ensure that there are no changes to the acceptance levelrepresented by the reference radiographs. Therefore, the adjunct reference radiographs remain valid for use with this standardregardless of the date of
13、 production or the revision level of the text standard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not p
14、urport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1 These reference radiographs are under the j
15、urisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 onReference Radiological Images.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2015. Published August 2011September 2015. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in
16、20062011as E505 - 01(2006).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/E0505-01R11.10.1520/E0505-15.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequatel
17、y depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
18、PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE155 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium CastingsE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminu
19、m and Magnesium Die Castings33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this document, see Terminology E1316.4. Appearance of Radiographic Indications4.1 The following descriptions are for use in discontinuity identification and classification. These descriptions apply to theseref
20、erence radiographs only.4.1.1 Category A (Porosity)Round or elongated, smooth-edged dark spots occurring individually distributed or in clusters.4.1.2 Category B (Cold Fill)A distinct darkened line or band of variable length and definite smooth outline, usuallycontinuous or interconnected.4.1.3 Cate
21、gory C (Shrinkage)Filamentary or jagged darkened areas, usually continuous or interconnected.4.1.4 Category D (Foreign Material) Isolated irregular variation in film density, either lighter or darker than surroundingareas.They may indicate the inclusion of oxide or dross or metallic compounds of dif
22、ferent density. Illustration shows a more densematerial.5. Significance and Use5.1 These radiographs are so designed that acceptance standards, which may be developed for particular requirements, can bespecified in terms of these radiographs. The radiographs are of castings that were produced under
23、conditions designed to producethe discontinuities. These reference radiographs are intended to be used for casting thickness ranges in accordance with Table 1.5.2 The radiographic illustrations listed in Table 1 illustrate three types of discontinuities in four severity levels. Two ungradedillustrat
24、ions have been included to establish the radiographic appearance of foreign material.5.3 These reference radiographs were produced in accordance with Guide E94. All of the references are original radiographs.5.4 Film DeteriorationRadiographic films are subject to wear and tear from handling and use.
25、 The extent to which the imagedeteriorates over time is a function of storage conditions, care in handling and amount of use. Reference radiograph films are noexception and may exhibit a loss in image quality over time. The radiographs should therefore be periodically examined for signsof wear and t
26、ear, including scratches, abrasions, stains, and so forth.Any reference radiographs which show signs of excessive wearand tear which could influence the interpretation and use of the radiographs should be replaced.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Cu
27、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order RRE0505.TABLE 1 Reference Radiographs for Aluminum and Magnesium Die CastingsDiscontinuity Plate Thicknes
28、s,in. (mm)Applicable CastingThickness,in. (mm)Aluminum Die CastingsCategory A (Porosity) 18 (3.2) up to 38 (9.5), inclCategory A (Porosity) 58 (15.9) over 38 to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),inclCategory B (Cold fill) 18 (3.2) up to 38 (9.5), inclCategory C (Shrinkage) 58 (15.9) over 38 to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),inclCat
29、egory D (Foreignmaterial)0.200 (5.08) up to 1 (25.4), inclMagnesium Die CastingsCategory A (Porosity) 18 (3.2) up to 38 (9.5), inclCategory A (Porosity) 58 (15.9) over 38 to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),inclCategory B (Cold fill) 18 (3.2) up to 38 (9.5), inclCategory C (Shrinkage) 58 (15.9) over 38 to 1 (9.5 to
30、25.4),inclCategory D (Foreignmaterial)18 (3.2) up to 1 (25.4), inclE505 1526. Basis for Application6.1 These reference radiographs may be applied as acceptance standards tailored to the end use of the product. Application ofthese reference radiographs as acceptance standards should be based on the i
31、ntended use of the product and the followingconsiderations (see Note 3):6.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, discontinuities of equal or lesser severity than that in the specified reference radiograph areacceptable in any specified unit area of the casting. The size of the unit area should be specified
32、 in the acceptance criteria.Discontinuities more severe than those in the specified reference radiograph shall be considered rejectable.6.1.2 Any combination or portion of these reference radiographs may be used as is relevant to the particular application.Different grades or acceptance limits may b
33、e specified for each discontinuity type. Further, different grades may be specified forvarious regions or zones of the component.6.1.3 Special consideration may be required where more than one discontinuity type is present in the same area. Anymodification of the acceptance criteria required on the
34、basis of multiple discontinuity types must be specified.6.1.4 Where the reference radiograph contains multiple discontinuities, as in that case of gas holes, acceptance may be basedupon the aggregate area of the discontinuities, the maximum discontinuity size in the reference radiograph, the spacing
35、 betweendiscontinuities, or a combination of these or other criteria, or both.6.1.5 As a minimum the acceptance criteria should contain information addressing; zoning of the part (if applicable), acceptanceseverity level for each discontinuity type, and the specific area to which the reference radio
36、graphs are to be applied.NOTE 3Caution should be exercised in specifying the acceptance criteria to be met in the casting. Casting design coupled with foundry practice shouldbe considered. It is advisable to consult with the manufacturer or foundry before establishing the acceptance criteria to ensu
37、re the desired quality levelcan be achieved.7. Keywords7.1 aluminum; die castings; discontinuities; magnesium; reference radiographs; X-rayASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this s
38、tandard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years
39、andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,
40、 which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
41、59,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 153
