1、Designation: E524 08 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forStandard Smooth Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E524; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requirements forthe standard smooth tire for pavement testing. The tire c
3、overedby this specification is intended for evaluation of tire-pavementfriction.1.2 The terminology in this specification is consistent withDefinitions E867.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI unit
4、s that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical Analy-sisD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD1054 Test Method for Rubber PropertyResilience Usinga
5、 Goodyear-Healey Rebound Pendulum (Withdrawn2010)3D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used inRubber ProductsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized
6、SheetsE867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems3. Materials and Manufacture3.1 The individual standard tires shall conform to the designstandards of Section 5. Dimensions, weights, and permissiblevariations are given in Section 5 and in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.3.2 Tread compounding, fabric pro
7、cessing, and all steps intire manufacturing shall be certified to ensure that the specifi-cations are met.3.3 A small raised guideline shall be molded on the tireshoulder area to provide a rapid visual check as to whether themaximum wear level for testing has been reached. Tires shouldactually be re
8、moved from service as recommended in 11.5. Themarking on the tire, as suggested in Fig. 1, and curb ribs shallbe molded on both sides of the tire.3.4 Fig. 1 is a photograph of the standard tire and Fig. 2 isa cross section of a typical tire.43.5 Tire should be mounted so that t is rotated in thedire
9、ction of the arrow on the side of the tire. See Fig. 1.4. Material Requirements4.1 The compounding formulation for the tread portion ofthe tire is given in Table 1.4.2 FabricThe fabric shall be polyester body or carcassplies and fiber glass belt plies.NOTE 1Certain proprietary products have been spe
10、cified since exactduplication of properties of the finished tire may not be achieved withother similar products. This inclusion does not in any way comprise arecommendation for these proprietary products nor against similar prod-ucts of other manufacturers, nor does it imply any superiority over any
11、such similar products.5. Dimensions, Weights, and Permissible Variations5.1 GeneralDetails of dimensions are listed as followsand are shown in Fig. 2. When tolerances are not specified, tiredimensions are subject to manufacturers normal tolerances.5.1.1 Design and ConstructionThe tire shall be a siz
12、eG78-15 tubeless type, belted bias construction (two body pliesplus two belt plies). The tread width shall be 5.85 in. (148.61The specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle- Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.24 on Tireand Slider Chara
13、cteristics.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E524 08. DOI:10.1520/E0524-08R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
14、 For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Specification E524 tire is available from Specialty Tires of America, P.O. Box749, 1600 Washingto
15、n St., Indiana, PA 15701. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
16、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1mm) and the cross-sectional tread radius shall be 15.50 6 2.0in. (393.76 50.8 mm). The tread shall have a thickness of0.385 in. (9.8 mm) and an under tread thickness of 0.10 in. (2.5mm). The tire shall have a recommended cross-se
17、ction widthof 8.35 in. (212.1 mm) and a recommended section height of6.34 in. (161.0 mm) when mounted on a Tire and RimAssociation 15x6JJ rim. The cured crown angles shall be 33 62 for the body plies, and 27 6 2 for the belt plies.5.1.2 Wear IndicatorsA visual wear guideline shall belocated on the s
18、houlder of the tire 0.22 in. (5.6 mm) from thetread surface as shown in Fig. 2.6. Workmanship6.1 Tires shall be free of defects in workmanship andmaterials.7. Physical Requirements7.1 The physical and mechanical test requirements are givenin Table 2.8. Test Methods8.1 Tensile Sheet CuresPractice D31
19、82.8.2 Modulus (300 %)Test Methods D412.8.3 Tensile Sheet DurometerTest Method D2240, using aType A Shore durometer.8.4 Restored Energy (Rebound or Resilience)Test MethodD1054.8.5 Specific GravityMethods D297.8.6 Tensile StrengthTest Methods D412.8.7 ElongationTest Methods D412.8.8 Tire Tread Durome
20、terTest Method D2240, in additionto the following procedures:8.8.1 Use a Type A durometer. (A 0.5-in. (12.7-mm) diam-eter presser foot, Shore, Code XAHAF is recommended.)8.8.2 The durometer shall be calibrated at a reading of 60hardness.FIG. 1 Test TireFIG. 2 Tire Section, Including Inflated Tire Di
21、mensionsTABLE 1 Compounding of Tread RubberAMaterial PPHRSBR 1712B89.38BR 1208C35.00Zinc oxide 3.00Stearic acid 2.00Paraffin wax 2.00N339D75.006PPDE2.00High aromatic oil 22.12TBBSF1.10DPGG0.10Sulfur 1.80ASee Practice D3182.BStyrene-butadiene rubber (23.5 % styrene) 37.5 parts of high-aromatic oil.CH
22、igh cis-polybutadiene.DN339 Carbon Black, see Classification D1765.EDimethyl butylphenyl phenylenediamine.FButyl benzothiazole sulfenamide.GDiphenyl guanidine.TABLE 2 Physical Properties of Tread CompoundTensile Sheet Cure, min. at 302F (150C) 30300 % modulus, psi (Test Methods D412) 1000 200Specifi
23、c gravity (Test Methods D297) 1.13 0.02Tensile strength, min psi (Test Methods D412) 2000Elongation, min % (Test Methods D412) 500Tire tread durometer (Test Method D2240) 582E524 08 (2015)28.8.3 Condition the tire and durometer to equilibrium at73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) before determining tread hardness
24、.8.8.4 The tire tread hardness is to be determined by aver-aging at least one set of 6 readings. A set should consist ofreadings taken at equally spaced intervals across the tread. It isrecommended that additional sets of readings be taken aroundthe tread circumference.8.8.5 Apply presser foot to th
25、e tire tread as rapidly aspossible without shock, keeping the foot parallel to the treadsurface. Apply just sufficient pressure to obtain firm contactbetween presser foot and tire tread surface. Read the durometerscale within 1 s after presser foot is in contact with the tiretread, but after initial
26、 maximum transient which may occurimmediately after contact is made.9. Certification9.1 Tires are to be inflated and measured prior to shipment.Upon request, the manufacturer shall furnish the purchasercertification that the test tire meets this specification.9.2 All tires under certification shall
27、be subject to manufac-turers normal variation.10. Preservation10.1 Tires shall be kept dry under ordinary atmosphericconditions in subdued light, 70 6 25F (21 6 13.8C). Tiresshould not be stored near electric motors, welders, or otherozone generating equipment.11. Recommendations for Tire Use and Op
28、erationalRequirements11.1 The tire is for skid testing only and is not designed forgeneral highway service. Necessary transporting of test equip-ment should be on commercial tires.11.2 A new tire break in of 200 miles (320 km) min shouldbe made on tires by the purchaser before using the tire fortest
29、ing.11.3 The tire shall be operated with not less than 24 psi (165kPa) inflation.11.4 The recommended static test load on the tire shall be1085 lbf (4826 N), with loading to a maximum of 1380 lbf(6138 N) permissible, at 24 psi (165 kPa) inflation.11.5 When irregular wear or damage results from tests
30、 orwhen the tire is worn to the wear line, the use of the tire as astandard test tire shall be discontinued.11.6 CautionMeasured friction force and skid number(SN) may be influenced by tire tread hardness. The magnitudeof this dependence is a function of the water depth, pavementcharacteristics, tes
31、t speed, and tire aging effects.12. Keywords12.1 skid number; skid trailer; skid-resistance; smooth tire;tire-pavement friction; water depthASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this
32、standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years
33、 andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committe
34、e, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
35、2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 08 (2015)3
