1、Designation: E 535 05aAn American National StandardStandard Practice forPreparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard has been developed to assist ASTM Committees in the writing of fire-test-responsestandards that com
3、ply with the ASTM policy on fire standards (see Annex A1).The policy on fire standards describes the types of ASTM fire standards and their required caveats.Committee E05 has the responsibility of helping other committees developing fire standards byproviding the information and assistance required
4、by all committees for writing standards whichcontain testing procedures for the response of materials, products, or assemblies to fire.Fire-test-response standards are standards for, or based on, one or more fire-test-responsecharacteristics. A fire-test-response characteristic provides a means of m
5、easuring the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to a prescribed source of heat alone or to one of heat and flameunder controlled test conditions.1. Scope1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style forASTM Standards2, which shall be consulted in writing allASTM standards.1.2 This p
6、ractice contains, directly or by reference, all of theinformation required to comply with the policy on fire stan-dards and the additional guidelines recommended by Commit-tee E05.1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees,establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-te
7、st-response standards (that is, standards for response to heator flame under prescribed conditions).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and heal
8、th practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitativemeasures.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 176 Terminology Relating to Fire StandardsE 456 Terminology Relating to StatisticsE 691 Practice for
9、 Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology E 176.3.1.2 fire-test-response characteristic, na response char-acteristic of a material, product, or asse
10、mbly, to a prescribedsource of heat or flame, under controlled fire conditions; suchresponse characteristics may include but are not limited to easeof ignition, flame spread, mass loss, smoke generation, fireresistance, and toxic potency of smoke.3.1.2.1 DiscussionA fire-test-response characteristic
11、 canbe influenced by variable characteristics of the heat source,such as its intensity, or of the burning environment, such asventilation, geometry of item or enclosure, humidity or oxygenconcentration. It is not an intrinsic property such as specificheat, thermal conductivity, or heat of combustion
12、, where thevalue is independent of test variables. A fire-test-responsecharacteristic may be described in one of several terms. Smoke1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.31 on Terminologyand Editorial.Cur
13、rent edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E 535 05.2Available on request from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, WestConshohocken, PA, 19428-2959.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.
14、astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.genera
15、tion, for example, may be described as smoke opacity,change of opacity with time, or smoke weight. No quantitativecorrelation need exist between values of a fire-test-responsecharacteristic for different materials, products, or assemblies,as measured by different methods or tested under different se
16、tsof conditions for a given method.4. Significance and Use4.1 This standard is to be used by those concerned with thedevelopment of fire-test-response standards.4.2 The resultant fire-test-response standards are intended tobe useful in one or more of the following areas, among others:product develop
17、ment, quality control, product comparisons,screening, information to be used as part of a fire hazard or afire risk assessment, and regulatory purposes.4.3 This practice is intended to be useful to users offire-test-response standards because it provides much of thegeneral rationale for the developm
18、ent and use of such stan-dards.4.4 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for thepreparation of fire hazard assessment standards or fire riskassessment standards.4.5 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for thepreparation of standards not related to fire-test responses ofmate
19、rials, products or assemblies.5. Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards5.1 The writer of fire-test-response standards shall be able torefer to Form and Style of ASTM Standards2, to obtainassistance in ensuring that the standards being written willconform with the requirements of Section A and o
20、ther appro-priate sections, as specified in this practice.5.1.1 Fire-test-response standards shall not use conditionallanguage.5.2 Fire-test-response standards shall, as applicable, containthe sections described in 5.3-5.20 of this practice.5.3 Title:5.3.1 The title of the test method shall specify
21、the intendedspecific application, clearly and as concisely as is practicable.5.3.2 The title of the test method shall not contain thephrases “fire hazard” or “fire risk”.5.4 Scope:5.4.1 The scope shall clearly:5.4.1.1 Identify the standard as a “fire-test-response stan-dard,”5.4.1.2 State the purpos
22、e of the standard,5.4.1.3 Specify the known limitations of the standard,5.4.1.4 Specify the significance of the data that are gener-ated (including relevance to human life and property, whereappropriate),5.4.1.5 Specify what the standard is and is not intended toaccomplish,5.4.1.6 Identify the class
23、 of materials, products or assem-blies to which it is to be applied,5.4.1.7 Identify the heat flux or other test input characteris-tics involved,5.4.1.8 Identify the fire-test-response characteristic(s) to bemeasured, and5.4.1.9 Identify the system of units of measurement appliedwithin the standard
24、and to be used in referee decisions;parenthetical measures in a different system of units arepermitted when identified to be for information only.5.4.2 The scope shall include the caveat for fire-test-response standards required by the ASTM policy on firestandards, and contained in F2.2 of Form and
25、Style for ASTMStandards. This is referred to as the fire-test-response standardscaveat. No alterations are to be made to the caveat as follows:This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials,products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, butdoes not by
26、 itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire con-ditions.5.4.3 The scope shall contain the standard safety hazardscaveat specified in F2.1.1 of Form and Style for ASTMStandards. No alterations are to be ma
27、de to the caveat asfollows:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior
28、to use.5.4.4 The scope shall contain information with respect toany known limitations of the test method with respect to itsapplication, and inappropriate uses of the standard.5.4.5 It is appropriate to include reference to alternative,companion or related standards in the scope. The title anddesign
29、ation of such standards shall be included in the refer-enced documents section.5.5 Referenced Documents:5.5.1 The list of referenced documents shall include:5.5.1.1 All ASTM standards, proposals, and adjuncts thatare cited in the text,5.5.1.2 E 176, Terminology Relating to Fire Standards,5.5.1.3 Alt
30、ernate, companion, or related ASTM standards,mentioned in the scope.5.5.2 The list of referenced documents shall also include allstandards and codes of other organizations which are useful tothe user of the standard and are cited in the text of the standard.5.6 Terminology:5.6.1 The standard shall u
31、se precise and accurate terminol-ogy. Inappropriate, misleading or deprecated terms such as“slow burning” or “self extinguishing” shall not be used.5.6.2 Terminology E 176 shall be used for selecting termi-nology as well as definitions for terms used in the standard.5.6.3 Where applicable, reference
32、 shall be made to otherexisting ASTM terminology standards having specific applica-tion to the subject of the test method.5.6.4 When applicable, reference shall be made to theappropriate international terminology standards, such as thoseby the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ort
33、he International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The titleand numerical designation of the ISO or IEC standard shall beincluded in a separate subsection of the section on referenceddocuments.5.6.4.1 In case of conflict between the international termi-nology standards and Terminology E 176, the AS
34、TM standardshall prevail.E 535 05a25.6.5 Part E of Form and Style for ASTM Standards shall beused as a source for additional guidance on terminology inASTM standards.5.6.6 The standard shall not describe or define terms that areinconsistent with those given in Terminology E 176 or otherASTM terminol
35、ogy standards, unless the difference is de-scribed in the terminology section, and is justified as beingunique to the specific test method. Terms that are specific (orapplicable) only to the standard shall be described in theterminology section. Such terms shall be included in a sub-section entitled
36、 “Definitions of Terms Specific to this Stan-dard.” Any terms so described which appear in ASTM termi-nology standards shall include a notation explaining thedifference in use or meaning.5.6.7 It is acceptable for definitions of terms critical to theuse of the standard to be reproduced, in precisely
37、 the form inwhich they appear in the corresponding terminology standard.In such cases, reference to the terminology standard shall bemade in the section on terminology and the standard shall belisted in the section on referenced documents.5.6.8 In the terminology section, reference sources shall bep
38、rovided for each keyword in the title of the standard, unlessthe terms are well known and widely used.5.7 Summary of Test MethodThis section shall contain abrief summary of the test method, which describes the heatsource, the type of specimen, the exposure conditions, thetypes of measurements made,
39、and the type of results reported.5.8 Significance and Use:5.8.1 This section shall provide information with respect tothe usefulness of the test method.5.8.1.1 It shall include information that indicates the appro-priate uses of the test method, such as product development,quality control, screening
40、, product comparisons, input for a firemodel or a fire hazard assessment, basis for regulation.5.8.1.2 This section shall include information with respectto the need for the standard. Possible explanations of need are:(1) that no other test method exists, (2) that this test methodsupersedes older te
41、st methods, or (3) that this test methodoffers useful or improved alternatives.5.8.2 Known potential inappropriate uses shall be statedalong with reasons why use of the test method is inappropriatein such cases. Examples of inappropriateness include: (1) a testmethod provides results that are too im
42、precise for use in aparticular application, (2) the inter-laboratory evaluation testdata indicates that the use of the test method for regulatorypurposes is inappropriate because of large variability of testresults among laboratories, (3) the data generated by using thetest method do not adequately
43、describe one particular fire-test-response characteristic for use in regulation, or (4) somematerials, products or assemblies perform differently in the testmethod from the way in which they are expected to perform inan actual application.5.8.3 The significance and use section shall include allknown
44、 limitations of the test method.5.8.4 The significance and use section shall include astatement addressing the effect of changing test conditions onthe results and their subsequent use. An example statementfollows:In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specificsets of laborato
45、ry test conditions. If different test conditions are substitutedor the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by orfrom this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response charac-teristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire testexposure conditio
46、ns described in this procedure.5.8.5 The significance of the data generated through the useof the test method shall be described, including relevance tohuman life or property, where appropriate.5.8.6 Any warning needed in the interpretation of the resultsshall be included in this section.5.9 Hazards
47、:5.9.1 A statement shall be included to warn the operator ofspecific safety hazards involved when using the test method.Hazards to be considered include, but are not restricted to,explosion, generation of vision obscuring smoke or of toxicproducts of combustion, and rapid fire growth. (See Form andS
48、tyle for ASTM Standards.)5.9.2 A precautionary statement shall be included to informthe operator of precautions to be taken to avoid or minimizeparticular hazards. (See Form and Style for ASTM Standards.)5.9.3 A statement addressing remediation of the hazards isnot required to be included in detail
49、in the standard. However,it is appropriate to cite a reference, for example by way of afootnote, which describes a means for treating a situationresulting from an uncontrolled hazard. (See Form and Style forASTM Standards.)5.10 Test Equipment:5.10.1 The test equipment shall be specified and described.5.10.2 It is desirable to provide the source for commerciallyavailable equipment when only a single source of the equip-ment is known.5.10.3 Equipment that is not commercially available shallbe described in sufficient detail to enable the user to constructthe equipment. If complete d
