1、Designation:E60307 Designation: E603 12An American National StandardStandard Guide forRoom Fire Experiments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide has been written to assist those planning to conduct full-scale compartment fireexperiments. There are many issu
3、es that should be resolved before such an experimental program isinitiated, and this guide is written with the objective of identifying some of these issues and presentingconsiderations that will affect each choice of procedure.This guide deals with any or all stages of fire growth in a compartment.
4、 Whether it is a single- ormulti-room experiment, observations can be made from ignition to flashover or beyond full-roominvolvement.One major reason for conducting research on room fires is to learn about the room fire buildupprocess so the results of standard fire test methods can be related to pe
5、rformance in full-scale roomfires, allowing the further refinement of these test methods or development of new ones.Another reason concerns computer fire modeling. Full-scale tests can generate data needed formodeling. Comparisons of modeling with full-scale test results can serve to validate the mo
6、del.The various results among room fire tests reflect different experimental conditions. The intent of thisguide is to identify these conditions and discuss their effects so meaningful comparisons can be madeamong the room fire experiments conducted by various organizations.1. Scope1.1 This guide ad
7、dresses means of conducting full-scale fire experiments that evaluate the fire-test-response characteristics ofmaterials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.2 It is intended as a guide for the design of the experiment and for the use and interpretation of its results. The guide i
8、s alsouseful for establishing laboratory conditions that simulate a given set of fire conditions to the greatest extent possible.1.3 This guide allows users to obtain fire-test-response characteristics of materials, products, or assemblies, which are usefuldata for describing or appraising their fir
9、e performance under actual fire conditions.1.3.1 The results of experiments conducted in accordance with this guide are also useful elements for making regulatorydecisions regarding fire safety requirements. The use for regulatory purposes of data obtained from experiments conducted usingthis guide
10、requires that certain conditions and criteria be specified by the regulating authority.1.4 The rationale for conducting room fire experiments in accordance with this guide is shown in 1.5-1.81.5 Room fire experiments are a means of generating input data for computer fire models and for providing out
11、put data withwhich to compare modeling results.1.6 One of the major reasons for conducting room fire experiments is as an experimental means of assessing the potential firehazard associated with the use of a material or product in a particular application. This should be borne in mind when designing
12、nonstandard experiments.1.7 A rationale for conducting room fire experiments is the case when smaller-scale fire tests inadequately represent end-useapplications.1.8 A further rationale for conducting room fire experiments is to verify the results obtained with smaller scale tests, tounderstand the
13、scaling parameters for such tests.1.9 Room fire tests can be placed into four main categories: reconstruction, simulation, research, and standardization.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under1This guide is under t
14、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and CombustionProducts.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E603-061. DOI:10.1520/E
15、0603-07.Current edition approvedApril 15, 2012. PublishedApril 2012. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E603 - 07. DOI: 10.1520/E0603-12.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what chang
16、es have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the offici
17、al document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual f
18、ire conditions1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2.
19、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base MaterialsD4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture MetersD5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in
20、 Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables WhenBurning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD5537 Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating MaterialsContained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationE
21、176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During FiresE906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile MethodE1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread PropertiesE1354 Tes
22、t Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE1355 Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire ModelsE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered FurnitureE1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattres
23、sesE1822 Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked ChairsE2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire TestsE2257 Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and Assemblies2.2 UL Standards:UL 1715Room Corner Test3UL Subject 1040Large Scale Open Corner Test3UL 1040
24、Fire Test of Insulated Wall ConstructionUL 1715 Fire Test of Interior Finish Material2.3 ICBO Standards:4Uniform Building Code Standard UBC 8-2 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of TextileWallcoveringsUniform Building Code Standard UBC 26-3 Room Fire Test Standard for
25、 Interior of Foam Plastic Systems2.4 FM Standard:5FM 4880 Large Scale Open Building Corner Test2.5 ISO Standards:6ISO 9705 Fire TestsFull Scale Room Fire Tests for Surface ProductsISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabularyISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
26、GUM, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement2.6 NFPA Standards:7NFPA 265 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall CoveringsNFPA 286 Standard Method of Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire GrowthNFPA
27、 555 Guide on Methods for Evaluating Potential for Room Flashover2.7 Other Standard:8DASMA 107 -98 (03) Room Fire Test Standard for Garage Doors Using Foam Plastic Insulation3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer S
28、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.4Available from International Conference of Building Officials, 53
29、60 Workman Mill Rd. Whittier, CA 90601.5Available from Factory Mutual Research Corporation, 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike, P.O. Box 9102, Norwood, MA 02662.6Available from International Organization for Standardization, P.O. Box 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.7Available from National Fire Pro
30、tection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269.8Available from Door and Access Systems Manufacturers Association International, 1300 Summer Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115-2851.E603 1223.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide and associated with fire issues, refer to the terminology c
31、ontained inTerminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the terminology in Terminology E176 shall prevail.3.1.2 heat release rate, nthe heat evolved from the specimen, per unit of time.3.1.3 oxygen consumption principle, nthe expression of the relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed
32、 duringcombustion and the heat released.3.1.4 smoke obscuration, nreduction of light transmission by smoke, as measured by light attenuation.3.1.5 total heat released, nintegrated value of the rate of heat release, for a specified time period.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1
33、full-scale test, na test in which the product(s) to be tested is utilized in the same size as in its end use.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn practical applications, this term is usually applied to tests where the item to be tested is larger than wouldfit in a bench-scale test.3.2.2total heat released, nintegra
34、ted value of the rate of heat release, for a specified time period.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide does not define a standard room fire test. It does, however, set down many of the considerations for such a test,for example, room size and shape, ventilation, specimen description, ignition source,
35、instrumentation, and safety considerationsthat must be decided on in the design of a room fire experiment. It discusses performance criteria for the particular array offinishing and furnishing products that comprise the room. The behavior of any particular product in the room depends on the otherpro
36、ducts and materials present and how they are arranged in relation to one another.4.2 Whether a particular arrangement simulates the evaluation desired depends on the size and location of the ignition source.It is therefore important that the ignition source simulate, insofar as possible, an initiati
37、ng fire for the desired scenario.4.3 The main criterion suggested in this guide for evaluating fire performance is based on the time to flashover as indicated bythe time at which the radiation flux at the center of the floor exceeds 20 kW/m2. Other suggested indicators of flashover includean average
38、 upper air temperature in excess of 600C and the ignition of a cotton indicator. Other possible performance criteriainclude the total amount or rate of smoke and heat production, extent of the flame spread for a low-energy ignition source, andsize of the primary ignition source required to produce f
39、lashover.4.3.1 Where multi-room experiments are being conducted, flashover may not be an appropriate performance criteria. In fact, theexperiments may have to be conducted beyond flashover. Post-flashover is usually required in the test room in order to observehigh levels of toxic gases and smoke in
40、 remote rooms or flame spread in adjoining surface areas. Other performance criteria couldbe the levels of combustion products that impair visibility and cause incapacitation or lethality in remote rooms.4.4 Primary ignition sources include gas burners, wood cribs, waste containers, and pools of liq
41、uid fuel. Waste containers andwood cribs have the advantage of presenting a solid fuel fire with some feedback effects and a luminous flame that appears tosimulate the burning of furniture. However, the gas burner is the best choice for most fire experiments because of itsreproducibility. The placem
42、ent of the ignition source depends on the desired effect on the target material.4.5 The instrumentation for measuring burning rate, heat release rate, heat flux, temperature, upper layer depth, air velocity,flame spread, smoke, and gas concentration is discussed, along with suggested locations. A mi
43、nimum level of instrumentation isalso suggested.4.6 A typical compartment size is 2.4 by 3.7 m 8 by 12 ft, with a 2.4-m 8-ft high ceiling. A standard-size doorway (0.80 by2.0-m high) should be located in one wall, probably in one of the shorter ones. The top of the doorway should be at least 0.4 m16
44、 in. down from the ceiling to partially contain smoke and hot gases.4.7 Insofar as possible, the construction details of the wall and ceiling, as well as any enclosed insulation, should duplicate theroom being simulated. Boundary surfaces that do not form the specimen should also be constructed of m
45、aterials consistent withthe room being simulated (see 6.2.3).4.8 The safety of observers and the crew extinguishing the fire is emphasized strongly in this guide.4.9 The analysis of data should include a comparison of the critical times, heat fluxes, temperatures, heat release rate, and smokegenerat
46、ion in the room with ignition, flame spread, and smoke properties of the specimen materials. This would aid in thedevelopment or modification of small-scale tests and would provide useful information for assisting in the development ofanalytical room fire models.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide
47、 provides assistance for planning room fire tests. The object of each experiment is to evaluate the role of amaterial, product, or system in the fire growth within one or more compartments.5.2 The relationship between laboratory fire test methods and actual room fires can be investigated by the use
48、of full-scale andreduced-scale experiments. This guide is aimed at establishing a basis for conducting full-scale experiments for the study of roomfire growth.5.3 Room fire tests can be placed into four main categories: reconstruction, simulation, research and standardization.5.3.1 Reconstruction ro
49、om fire tests are full scale replicates of a fire scene with the geometry, materials, contents, and ignitionsource intended to duplicate a particular scenario. The usual purpose of such a test is to evaluate what happened or what mighthappen in such a scenario.E603 1235.3.2 Simulation room fire tests are comparable to reconstruction fire tests, except that not all of the parameters are duplicated.A simulated fire test is one in which one or more components of a fire scenario are altered, usually in order to facilitate conductingthe test. The compartment design must
