1、Designation: E631 06E631 14Standard Terminology ofBuilding Constructions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E631; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses i
2、ndicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standardTerminology consists of terms and definitions pertaining to the field of buildings, and in particular, termsrelated to the standards generated by
3、 ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings.1.2 The purpose of this Terminology is to provide meanings and explanations of technical terms in the buildings field, writtenfor both the non-expert and the expert user.1.3 This comprehensive Terminology standard contains allASTM standardized definiti
4、ons generated inASTM Committee E06.There are also subsidiary terminology standards. These special classes of terminology are grouped for convenient use (see Section2). Some subsidiary terminology standards appear in this comprehensive standard.1.4 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compound
5、terms appear in the natural spoken order. To show the relationshipsin certain families of concepts, groups of narrower terms and their definitions are grouped under the definition of the broader term.Each such sub-entry is listed also (in italics) with a cross-reference to the special class.1.5 Cert
6、ain standard definitions herein are adopted from other sources. Each is an exact copy. The source is identified at the rightmargin following the definition, and is listed in Section 2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich ConstructionsC168 Terminology Rel
7、ating to Thermal InsulationC460 Terminology for Asbestos-Cement (Withdrawn 2001)3C582 Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic (RTP) Laminates for Corrosion-Resistant EquipmentC755 Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders for Thermal InsulationD123 Terminology Relatin
8、g to TextilesD907 Terminology of AdhesivesE73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss AssembliesE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of MaterialsE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related MaterialsE148 Specification for Apparatus for Microdetermin
9、ation of Nitrogen by the Dumas Method (Withdrawn 1987)3E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and HydrometryE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE489E546 Test Method for Tensile Strength Properties of Metal Connector PlatesFrost/Dew Point of Sealed Insulating GlassUnits (Withdrawn 20
10、05)E564 Practice for Static Load Test for Shear Resistance of Framed Walls for BuildingsE621 Practice for Use of Metric (SI) Units in Building Design and Construction(Committee E06 Supplement to E380)(Withdrawn 2008)3E774 Specification for the Classification of the Durability of Sealed Insulating Gl
11、ass Units (Withdrawn 2006)31 This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.94 on Terminologyand Editorial.Current edition approved June 1, 2006Nov. 1, 2014. Published June 2006April 2015. Originally ap
12、proved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 19982006 asE631 93a (1998)E631 06.1. DOI: 10.1520/E0631-06.10.1520/E0631-14.Those terms formerly contained in Definitions E540 77 are now contained in this terminology.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactAST
13、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended onl
14、y to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versi
15、onof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E779 Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan PressurizationE833 Terminology of Building Econo
16、micsE859 Test Method for Air Erosion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials (SFRMs) Applied to Structural MembersE985E997 Specification for Permanent Metal Railing Systems and Rails for BuildingsTest Method for Evaluating GlassBreakage Probability Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Proof Lo
17、ad Testing (Withdrawn 2015)E998 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of UniformStatic Loads by Nondestructive MethodE1065 Practice for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search UnitsE1186 Practices for Air Leakage Site Detecti
18、on in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier SystemsE1334 Practice for Rating the Serviceability of a Building or Building-Related Facility (Withdrawn 2013)3E1423 Practice for Determining Steady State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration SystemsE1480 Terminology of Facility Management (Building-Related
19、)E1481 Terminology of Railing Systems and Rails for BuildingsE1553 Practice for Collection of Airborne Particulate Lead During Abatement and Construction Activities (Withdrawn 2002)3E1554E1554/E1554M Test Methods for Determining Air Leakage of Air Distribution Systems by Fan PressurizationE1566 Guid
20、e for Handling Hazardous Biological Materials in Liquid NitrogenE1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES),FlameAtomicAbsorption Spectrometry (FAAS), or Graphite FurnaceAtomicAbsorpti
21、on Spectrometry (GFAAS) TechniquesE1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe Samples for the Determination of LeadE1645 Practice for Preparation of Dried Paint Samples by Hotplate or Microwave Digestion for Subsequent Lead AnalysisE1677 Specification for Air Barrier (AB) Material or System
22、for Low-Rise Framed Building WallsE1679 Practice for Setting the Requirements for the Serviceability of a Building or Building-Related Facility, and forDetermining What Serviceability is Provided or ProposedE1726 Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Hotplate Digestion for Subsequent Lead Anal
23、ysisE1749E1727 Terminology Relating to Rigid Wall Relocatable SheltersPractice for Field Collection of Soil Samples forSubsequent Lead Determination (Withdrawn 2014)3E1728 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead DeterminationE1729 Practice for
24、Field Collection of Dried Paint Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination (Withdrawn 2014)3E1753 Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint FilmsE1775 Guide for Evaluating Performance of On-Site Extraction and Field-Portable Electrochemical or Spectrop
25、hotometricAnalysis for LeadE1783E1783/E1783M Specification for Preformed Architectural Strip Seals for Buildings and Parking StructuresE1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface DustE1796 Guide for Selection and Use of Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint i
26、n BuildingsE1807 Terminology Pertaining to Metal Connector Plates (Withdrawn 2005)3E1827 Test Methods for Determining Airtightness of Buildings Using an Orifice Blower DoorE1828 Practice for Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Lead in Paint(Withdrawn
27、 2010)3E1918 Test Method for Measuring Solar Reflectance of Horizontal and Low-Sloped Surfaces in the FieldF221E1925 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and Inked Ribbon Products and Images Made TherefromSpecification forEngineering and Design Criteria for Rigid Wall Relocatable Structures (Withdra
28、wn 2015)F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3. Terminology3.1 Symbols:aheight of cantilevered shear wall, in metres (feet).blength of cantilevered shear wall, in metres (feet).Cinitial length of the diagonal =a21b2, in metres (feet).diagonal elongation, in millimetres (inches).total h
29、orizontal displacement of the top of the wall measured with respect to the test apparatus, in millimetres (inches). Thisvalue includes effects due to panel rotation, translation, and shear.Emodulus of elasticity of flange or web material, depending upon which material is held constant in a transform
30、ed sectionanalysis, psi (or MPa)Gshear modulus of the web material, psi (or MPa)E631 142Gshear stiffness of the diaphragm obtained from test (includes shear deformation factor for the connection system), lbf/in. (orN/mm)Gshear stiffness obtained from test, in newtons per metre (pound-force per inch)
31、.Gglobal shear stiffness, includes rotation and translational displacements as well as diaphragm shear displacement.Gintinternal shear stiffness, includes only the shear displacement of the wall in calculation.Imoment of inertia of the transformed section of the diaphragm based on webs or flanges, i
32、n.4 (or mm4)Ltotal span of a simply supported diaphragm, in. (or mm)Pconcentrated load, lbf (or N)Pconcentrated load applied at the top edge of the wall at the selected reference displacement, in newtons (pound-force).Puhighest load level held long enough to record gage measurements, in newtons (pou
33、nd-force).Rumaximum diaphragm reaction, lbf (or N)Suultimate shear strength of the diaphragm, lbf/ft (or N/m)aspan length of cantilever diaphragm, in. (or mm)bdepth of diaphragm, in. (or mm)tthickness of web material, in. (or mm)wuniform load, lbf/in. (or N/mm)bbending deflection of diaphragm, in. (
34、or mm)kempirical expression for that portion of the diaphragm deflection contributed by the shear deformation of the connectionsystem, in. (or mm)spure shear deformation of diaphragm, in. (or mm)sapparent total shear deformation of the diaphragm based on test (see 8.1.2.2), in. (or mm). This factor
35、includes both the pureshear deformation and that contributed by distortion of the connection system.ttotal deflection of diaphragm, in. (or mm)1,2,deformation measured at Point 1, 2, - - - , in. (or mm)3.2 Terms and Their Definitions:absolute sealinga level of sealing that requires all seams, slots,
36、 holes, and fasteners passing through the seal plane to be sealed.E1749abrasion resistance (coatings)ability of a coating to resist being worn away and to maintain its original appearance, integrity,and structure when subjected to rubbing, scraping, or wear. E1605accelerated testSee test, accelerate
37、d. E1749accessible surfaceinterior or exterior surface (usually up to 5 ft (1.5 m) from floor or ground) that is accessible for young childto mouth or chew. See also chewable surface. E1605accreditation, nofficial authorization, approval, or recognition accorded an individual or organization based u
38、pon specificqualification.DISCUSSIONIn specific use, it is necessary to include an identification of the type, scope, and limitations of the accreditation, and by whom granted.accuracy, ndegree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to some recognized standard or specified value. E1605DISCU
39、SSIONThis concept involves the systematic error of an operation, which is usually measurable. Compare precision.E631 143ACH50,nthe ratio of the air leakage rate at 50 Pa (0.2 in. H2O), corrected for a standard air density, to the volume of the test zone(1/h). E1827acid rainrain having a pH of less t
40、han 5.65.DISCUSSIONThe pH of distilled water in equilibrium with carbon dioxide under laboratory conditions is 5.6.active hoursSee hours of operation. E1480active solar energy systemSee building subsystem.4adaptSee building modification.addSee building modification.adhesivea substance capable of hol
41、ding materials together by means of surface attachment. E1749cold setting adhesivean adhesive which sets at temperatures below 20C (68F). E1749contact pressure adhesivea resinous adhesive which is aggressively and permanently tacky at room temperature and adheresto a variety of surfaces upon contact
42、 with a minimum of pressure required. (Syn. pressure-sensitive adhesives.) E1749core splice adhesivea film adhesive, capable of expansion of at least 175 % of its original thickness, used primarily to join orsplice together two or more separate sections of core material in sandwich constructions. E1
43、749foamed adhesivean adhesive, the apparent density of which has been decreased substantially by the presence of numerousgaseous cells dispersed throughout its mass. E1749supported film adhesivean adhesive material incorporating a carrier that remains in the bond when the adhesive is employed;carrie
44、r support material is usually composed of organic/inorganic fibers which may be in woven (knit) or nonwoven (mat) form.E1749unsupported film adhesivean adhesive material in film form without a carrier support. E1749adhesive, contactan adhesive that is apparently dry to the touch and that will adhere
45、 to itself instantaneously upon contact.E1749adjusted internal rate-of-return (AIRR)the compound rate of interest that, when used to discount the terminal values of costsand benefits of a project over a given study period, will make the costs equal the benefits when cash flows are reinvested at aspe
46、cified rate. (Syn. financial management rate of return (FMRR) E833adjusted serviceability scoreSee serviceability score. E1480administrative removal(of workers), temporary removal of workers from a job site prior to blood-lead levels reaching valuesrequiring medical removal. E1605aged insulation val
47、uethermal resistance (R-value) of a thermal insulation material as determined after standard conditioning tosimulate service exposure.air-change rateair-leakage in volume units per hour divided by the building space volume with identical volume units (normallyexpressed as air changes per hour, ACH o
48、r ACPH). E779air exfiltrationair leakage out of the building driven by negative pressure. E1677negative pressureair pressure on the outdoor side of a building envelope lower than on the indoor side. E1677air-handling unitthe distribution-system fan and portion of the distribution system that is inte
49、gral to the furnace, air-conditioner,or heat-pump. E1554E1554/E1554Mair infiltrationair leakage into the building drive by positive pressure. E1677positive pressureair pressure on the outdoor side of a building envelope higher than on the indoor side. E1677air leakage, nin buildings, the passage of uncontrolled air through cracks or openings in the building envelope or itscomponents, such as ducts, because of air pressure or temperature difference.air leakagethe movement/flow of air through the bu
