1、Designation: E 683 91 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forInstallation and Service of Solar Space Heating Systems forOne- and Two-Family Dwellings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers solar space heating systems forone- and two-family dwelling
3、s. It sets forth acceptable instal-lation and service practices to help ensure adequate perfor-mance, safety, and consumer satisfaction.1.2 This practice is intended to describe acceptable practicesfor space heating systems in new and existing dwellings andshall not be construed as the optimization
4、of good practices.1.3 This practice does not apply to Rankine cycle, heatpump, or high pressure vapor systems.1.4 This practice is not intended to abridge safety or healthrequirements. All systems shall be installed in accordance withlocal codes and ordinances.1.5 This standard does not purport to a
5、ddress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific safetyprecautions, see Section 6).2. Re
6、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 772 Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion2.2 ANSI Standards:3A58.1 Building Code Requirements for Minimum DesignLoads in Buildings and Other Structures.C1 National Electrical CodeZ97.1 Performance Specifications and Methods of Test forSafety Glazing
7、Materials Used in Buildings2.3 Other Standards:Installation Standards for One- and Two-Family Dwellingsand Multi-Family Housing, Including Solar4HUD Intermediate Minimum Property StandardsSupplementSolar Heating and Domestic Hot WaterSystems53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air handling unit, na
8、device used for distributingconditioned air supply to a room, space, or area.3.1.2 building, na structure erected and framed of com-ponent structural members designed for the housing, shelter, orsupport of persons, animals, or property.3.1.3 code, na set of applicable regulations which ajurisdiction
9、 has lawfully adopted.3.1.4 collector, solar thermal, na device designed toabsorb solar irradiance and to transfer the energy to a fluidpassing through it. (E 772)3.1.5 collector subsystem, nthat portion of the solar sys-tem which includes the solar collectors and related piping orducts. (E 772)3.1.
10、6 distribution subsystem, nthat portion of the solarsystem from the storage device to the point of ultimate use.(E 772)3.1.7 energy (heat) transfer fluid, nthe medium used totransfer energy from the solar collectors to the storage medium.3.1.8 potable water, nwater that is satisfactory for drink-ing
11、 and culinary purposes, meeting the requirements of thehealth department having jurisdiction. (E 772)3.1.9 pressure relief device, na pressure-activated valvedesigned to automatically relieve excessive pressure.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,Geothermal and Ot
12、her Alternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E44.05 on Solar Heating and Cooling Systems and Materials.Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 683-91(2001).2For referenced
13、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
14、4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors National Assn.,8224 Old Courthouse Rd., Vienna, VA 22180.5Available from HUD USER, P.O. Box 6091, Rockville, MD 20850.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
15、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.10 shall, vias used in this practice, a term used todenote a mandatory requirement.3.1.11 should, vias used in this practice, a term used todenote a recommendation.3.2 solar system, na configuration of equipment andcomponents used to absorb, convey, st
16、ore, convert, and distrib-ute the energy from the sun.4. Collector Subsystems4.1 Collectors shall be installed in accordance with theinstructions provided by the collector manufacturer and de-signer, in compliance with local codes and ordinances.4.2 Structural supports shall be constructed to suppor
17、t thecollector under all anticipated extremes of environmentalconditions and to withstand local conditions and anticipatedloads, such as wind, earthquake, rain, snow, ice, and freezingtemperatures, so that the solar system does not impair theresistivity to damage of the building. Additional weight o
18、fcollectors shall not exceed dead weight limitations of thebuilding structure, foundation, or soil. Conversely, collectorsupports shall not impose undue stresses on the collectors.4.3 Structural supports shall be constructed to maintaincollector tilt and orientation within design conditions through-
19、out the life of the solar system.4.4 Structural supports shall be installed in a manner suchthat the integrity, weather resistance, and fire resistance of thebuilding are not adversely affected. Joints between supportstructures and building shall be caulked or flashed, or both, toprevent water leaka
20、ge. Access shall be provided to permitminor repairs to flashing and caulking without disturbing roof,collector supports, or collector panels.4.5 Collectors shall be installed so as not to contribute tomoisture buildup, rotting, or other accelerated deterioration ofroofing materials.4.6 Collectors an
21、d supports shall be installed in a mannersuch that water flowing off the collector surface will notaccumulate on the roof surfaces, so as to form ice dams orcause water damage to the building, or both. Provisions shallbe taken to minimize buildup of snow upon collectors, whichmay reduce their effect
22、iveness.4.7 Structural supports shall be selected and installed in amanner, such that thermal expansion of collector will not causedamage to the collector, structural frame, or building.4.8 Pipe hangers, supports, expansion devices, and insula-tion shall be provided to compensate for thermal expansi
23、oneffects and to minimize thermal losses. Care shall be exercisedduring their installation to prevent damage to connections onthe collector or collector casing.4.9 Interconnecting piping or ducting shall be installed tominimize flow restrictions and to provide balanced flow. Pipingshall be installed
24、 to allow for filling and draining.4.10 Safe access to components subject to deterioration orfailure, such as rubber hoses, joint sealants, and cover platesshall be provided to allow for maintenance or repair. Forroof-mounted collectors, the work space adjacent to collectorsand provisions for safe p
25、lacement of ladders shall be consid-ered.4.11 Safety protection shall be provided to prevent injury topersonnel from contact with readily accessible hot surfaces.4.12 Collectors mounted at ground level shall be providedwith protective fencing, guard rails, and warning signs incompliance with local c
26、odes and ordinances.4.13 Protection of collectors and components shall be pro-vided during handling and installation to prevent damage fromenvironmental exposure.4.14 Glazings of collectors mounted at ground level shallmeet the requirements specified in ANSI Z97.1.4.15 Frames and braces used in coll
27、ector construction shallbe made of materials suitable for exterior location.4.16 Collectors made of combustible materials shall not belocated on or adjacent to construction required to be ofnoncombustible materials or in special fire zones.4.17 Collectors should be mounted in a manner so as to taket
28、he best advantage of the suns energy.5. Thermal Storage Devices5.1 Thermal storage devices shall be installed in accordancewith the instructions provided by the manufacturer, in compli-ance with local codes and ordinances. Consideration shall begiven to the type of service, temperature, storage medi
29、a, designpressures, connections, flow, thermal storage capacity, mixing,and stratification, etc.5.2 Liquid storage devices shall be leak-tested in accor-dance with recognized national standards.5.3 Nonliquid storage devices need not be leak-tested unlessa safety hazard or contamination could result
30、from a storagedevice failure or if leakage could result in deterioration of thestorage capacity.5.4 Above ground storage devices shall be selected andinstalled to withstand all anticipated loads resulting from wind,hail, snow, and seismic conditions (where applicable). Protec-tive coatings, casing m
31、aterials, or enclosures shall be providedto prevent damage from continuous exposure to weather. Woodstructural members shall be protected against deteriorationfrom weathering, dry rot, ants, termites, and other adverseconditions. Footings and foundations shall support the storagedevice under all ant
32、icipated extremes of soil conditions.5.5 Underground storage devices shall be selected andinstalled to withstand all anticipated loads resulting from soil,hydrostatic, and foundation. Such devices shall be anchored toprevent flotation resulting from flooding or high ground waterlevels (where applica
33、ble). Protective coatings, casing material,enclosures, or cathodic protection shall be provided to preventdamage from exposure to soil conditions and electrolyticaction.5.6 Underground storage devices subject to overhead ve-hicular traffic shall be designed and installed to withstand theadditional l
34、oad applied by this traffic.5.7 Insulation shall be provided to minimize thermal lossesfrom storage devices, related piping, and duct work. Insulationshall be suitable for the application, site, and occupancyconditions. Underground storage devices shall be given specialconsideration to prevent deter
35、ioration of insulating propertiesby compression, water penetration, or bacterial action.5.8 Care shall be exercised during the installation of thestorage device to prevent damage to such device and insulationmaterial during handling, mounting, backfilling, packing, orother installation procedures.E
36、683 91 (2007)25.9 Liquid storage devices shall be provided with means fordraining its contents. All above-ground liquid storage devicesshall have a valved pipe or bibb at the lowest point fordrainage. Underground liquid storage devices shall have pro-visions for utilizing a pump, siphon, or other de
37、vice fordraining.5.10 When required by design, liquid storage devices shallhave a level gage or other device to indicate when the tank isfull of liquid. If liquid storage devices are provided withoverflows, the outlets shall be located so that spillage will notrun into the building structure or dama
38、ge the premises. Filldevices shall be installed with approved backflow preventiondevices as required by local codes or ordinances, to preventcontamination of potable water supplies.5.11 Manholes or access openings shall be provided topermit access to components inside of the storage device.5.12 Stor
39、age devices installed on a roof or in an attic shallbe provided with a drip pan whose outlet is piped to anadequate drain.6. Controls and Safety Devices6.1 Controls and safety devices shall be selected so that, inthe event of a power failure or a failure of any component,temperatures or pressures in
40、 the system, or both, will notdamage other components or the building, nor present a dangerto people. Such devices shall be installed in accordance withthe manufacturers instructions and in compliance with localcodes and ordinances. Solar systems shall be selected andinstalled to fail safe.6.2 Contr
41、ols shall be selected and installed so that the solarcomponents and auxiliary components will operate in concertand independently. Controls shall be designed to revert to themost economical mode.6.3 Adequately sized pressure or temperature relief devices,or both, shall be provided in those isolated
42、parts of the solarsystem containing pressurized fluids. Relief valves shall drainto locations acceptable to local codes and ordinances. Precau-tion shall be taken to assure that heat transfer fluids, which maybe hazardous, do not discharge onto the roof or other parts ofthe structure, causing struct
43、ural damage, building finish discol-oration, damage to shrubs and lawns, or danger to people.6.4 Expansion tanks shall be provided where required, aspart of the solar heating system to provide for thermalexpansion of heat-transfer liquids. Expansion tanks shall besized for the operating temperature
44、ranges.6.5 Controls shall activate the collector loop wheneverbeneficial results can be obtained.6.6 Controls, dampers, and valves shall be marked toidentify their function.Any control that serves as an emergencyshutdown device shall be so indicated by conspicuous andpermanent labels.6.7 Space and c
45、ontrol thermostats shall be installed inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions and in com-pliance with local codes and ordinances. Space thermostatsshall be located away from drafts, heat sources, and outdoorwalls. Mercury bulb thermostats require leveling to assuresatisfactory operation. Th
46、ermostats shall be mounted so thatthey are protected from accidental bumping or jarring. Ther-mostats mounted outdoors shall be suitable for outdoor envi-ronment and shall be protected from the elements.6.8 Complete operating instructions, including sequence ofoperation, wiring diagrams, and flow di
47、agrams, shall be pro-vided with the solar heating system. Installers shall instruct thebuilding owner and occupant of the proper operation, safety,and emergency shutdown procedures of the devices. Perma-nent labels, with shutdown and startup procedures, shall beprovided in a conspicuous location.7.
48、Piping, Ducting and Ancillary Equipment7.1 Piping, ducting and equipment shall be located so as tonot interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors, orother exit openings. Piping, ducting, and equipment shall beinstalled in a manner so as to prevent damage to such piping,ducting, and equipme
49、nt; prevent injury to persons; and inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions and in com-pliance with local codes and ordinances.7.2 Underground piping subject to overhead vehicular traf-fic shall be installed to withstand the additional load applied bythis traffic.7.3 Piping shall be installed to facilitate drainage of liquidsystems. Isolation valves shall be provided so that majorcomponents of solar heating systems can be maintained orserviced.7.4 Insulation shall be provided to minimize thermal lossesfrom piping and ducting. Insulation shall be suitable for t
