1、Designation: E693 17Standard Practice forCharacterizing Neutron Exposures in Iron and Low AlloySteels in Terms of Displacements Per Atom (DPA)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a standard procedure for charac-terizing neutron irradiations of
3、 iron (and low alloy steels) interms of the exposure index displacements per atom (dpa) foriron.1.2 Although the methods of this practice apply to anymaterial for which a displacement cross section d(E) is known(see Practice E521), this practice is written specifically for iron.1.3 It is assumed tha
4、t the displacement cross section for ironis an adequate approximation for calculating displacements insteels that are mostly iron (95 to 100 %) in radiation fields forwhich secondary damage processes are not important.1.4 Procedures analogous to this one can be formulated forcalculating dpa in charg
5、ed particle irradiations. (See PracticeE521.)1.5 The application of this practice requires knowledge ofthe total neutron fluence and flux spectrum. Refer to PracticeE521 for determining these quantities.1.6 The correlation of radiation effects data is beyond thescope of this practice.1.7 This standa
6、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This inter
7、national standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) C
8、ommittee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements andDosimetryE521 Practice for Investigating the Effects of Neutron Ra-diation Damage Using Charged-Particle IrradiationE821 Practice for Measurement of Mechanical PropertiesDuring Charged-Particle
9、 IrradiationE853 Practice for Analysis and Interpretation of Light-WaterReactor Surveillance Results3. Terminology3.1 Definitions for terms used in this practice can be foundin Terminology E170.4. Significance and Use4.1 A pressure vessel surveillance program requires a meth-odology for relating rad
10、iation-induced changes in materialsexposed in accelerated surveillance locations to the conditionof the pressure vessel (see Practice E853). An importantconsideration is that the irradiation exposures be expressed ina unit that is physically related to the damage mechanisms.4.2 A major source of neu
11、tron radiation damage in metals isthe displacement of atoms from their normal lattice sites.Hence, an appropriate damage exposure index is the number oftimes, on the average, that an atom has been displaced duringan irradiation. This can be expressed as the total number ofdisplaced atoms per unit vo
12、lume, per unit mass, or per atom ofthe material. Displacements per atom is the most common wayof expressing this quantity. The number of dpa associated witha particular irradiation depends on the amount of energydeposited in the material by the neutrons, and hence, dependson the neutron spectrum. (F
13、or a more extended discussion, seePractice E521.)4.3 No simple correspondence exists in general between dpaand a particular change in a material property. A reasonablestarting point, however, for relative correlations of property1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nucle
14、arTechnology and Applicationsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE10.05 on Nuclear Radiation Metrology.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E693 121. DOI:10.1520/E0693-17.2For referenced AST
15、M standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
16、ken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organiz
17、ation Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1changes produced in different neutron spectra is the dpa valueassociated with each environment. That is, the dpa valuesthemselves provide a spectrum-sensitive index that may be auseful correlation parameter, or some function of the dpavalues may aff
18、ect correlation.TABLE 1 ENDF/B-VI-based Iron Displacement Cross SectionBin EngA(MeV) d(barns) Bin EngA(MeV) d(barns) Bin EngA(MeV) d(barns)1 0.100E-09 158.3543 2 0.1050E-09 154.6209 3 0.110E-09 151.13954 0.1150E-09 147.8895 5 0.120E-09 144.1054 6 0.1275E-09 139.92027 0.1350E-09 136.0860 8 0.1425E-09
19、 132.5445 9 0.150E-09 128.750210 0.160E-09 124.7860 11 0.170E-09 121.1728 12 0.180E-09 117.852713 0.190E-09 114.8137 14 0.200E-09 111.9561 15 0.210E-09 109.319916 0.220E-09 106.8646 17 0.230E-09 104.5694 18 0.240E-09 101.893019 0.2550E-09 98.93331 20 0.270E-09 96.65981 21 0.280E-09 94.1271722 0.300E
20、-09 91.05218 23 0.320E-09 88.24872 24 0.340E-09 85.6878725 0.360E-09 83.33912 26 0.380E-09 81.17265 27 0.400E-09 78.9247228 0.4250E-09 76.63646 29 0.450E-09 74.53734 30 0.4750E-09 72.5993031 0.500E-09 70.81827 32 0.5250E-09 69.14790 33 0.550E-09 67.5922234 0.5750E-09 66.13822 35 0.600E-09 64.64189 3
21、6 0.630E-09 63.1203937 0.660E-09 61.70157 38 0.690E-09 60.37332 39 0.720E-09 58.9273240 0.760E-09 57.39681 41 0.800E-09 55.97892 42 0.840E-09 54.6598443 0.880E-09 53.43220 44 0.920E-09 52.28703 45 0.960E-09 51.2154546 0.100E-08 50.07727 47 0.1050E-08 48.89598 48 0.110E-08 47.7960949 0.1150E-08 46.76
22、870 50 0.120E-08 45.57125 51 0.1275E-08 44.2500652 0.1350E-08 43.03653 53 0.1425E-08 41.91761 54 0.150E-08 40.7170855 0.160E-08 39.46333 56 0.170E-08 38.32018 57 0.180E-08 37.2696858 0.190E-08 36.30967 59 0.200E-08 35.40710 60 0.210E-08 34.5739161 0.220E-08 33.79705 62 0.230E-08 33.06956 63 0.240E-0
23、8 32.2242464 0.2550E-08 31.28942 65 0.270E-08 30.57002 66 0.280E-08 29.7699967 0.300E-08 28.79791 68 0.320E-08 27.91048 69 0.340E-08 27.1013970 0.360E-08 26.35879 71 0.380E-08 25.67357 72 0.400E-08 24.9630973 0.4250E-08 24.23960 74 0.450E-08 23.57548 75 0.4750E-08 22.9626876 0.500E-08 22.39920 77 0.
24、5250E-08 21.87094 78 0.550E-08 21.3798279 0.5750E-08 20.91994 80 0.600E-08 20.44705 81 0.630E-08 19.9650982 0.660E-08 19.51724 83 0.690E-08 19.09670 84 0.720E-08 18.6398485 0.760E-08 18.15581 86 0.800E-08 17.70708 87 0.840E-08 17.2904988 0.880E-08 16.90205 89 0.920E-08 16.54074 90 0.960E-08 16.20166
25、91 0.100E-07 15.84242 92 0.1050E-07 15.46908 93 0.110E-07 15.1209494 0.1150E-07 14.79594 95 0.120E-07 14.41855 96 0.1275E-07 14.0009597 0.13050E-07 13.61661 98 0.1425E-07 13.26338 99 0.150E-07 12.88403100 0.160E-07 12.48759 101 0.170E-07 12.12633 102 0.180E-07 11.79428103 0.190E-07 11.49039 104 0.20
26、0E-07 11.20760 105 0.210E-07 10.94298106 0.220E-07 10.69745 107 0.230E-07 10.46804 108 0.240E-07 10.20132109 0.2550E-07 9.906717 110 0.270E-07 9.679449 111 0.280E-07 9.427035112 0.300E-07 9.118745 113 0.320E-07 8.838819 114 0.340E-07 8.582926115 0.360E-07 8.347962 116 0.380E-07 8.131618 117 0.400E-0
27、7 7.907534118 0.4250E-07 7.678809 119 0.450E-07 7.468805 120 0.4750E-07 7.276812121 0.500E-07 7.097598 122 0.5250E-07 6.930767 123 0.550E-07 6.775607124 0.5750E-07 6.630701 125 0.600E-07 6.482083 126 0.630E-07 6.330435127 0.660E-07 6.188963 128 0.690E-07 6.056631 129 0.720E-07 5.913148130 0.760E-07
28、5.760298 131 0.800E-07 5.618617 132 0.840E-07 5.486900133 0.880E-07 5.364337 134 0.920E-07 5.250029 135 0.960E-07 5.143171136 0.100E-06 5.029254 137 0.1050E-06 4.911427 138 0.110E-06 4.801945139 0.1150E-06 4.699714 140 0.120E-06 4.581585 141 0.1275E-06 4.450361142 0.1350E-06 4.329614 143 0.1425E-06
29、4.218222 144 0.150E-06 4.099185145 0.160E-06 3.974304 146 0.170E-06 3.860402 147 0.180E-06 3.756055148 0.190E-06 3.660761 149 0.200E-06 3.571313 150 0.210E-06 3.488699151 0.220E-06 3.411616 152 0.230E-06 3.339466 153 0.240E-06 3.256051154 0.2550E-06 3.163276 155 0.270E-06 3.091628 156 0.280E-06 3.01
30、3147157 0.300E-06 2.916945 158 0.320E-06 2.829403 159 0.340E-06 2.749808160 0.360E-06 2.676750 161 0.380E-06 2.608835 162 0.400E-06 2.527930163 0.4250E-06 2.440897 164 0.450E-06 2.374384 165 0.4750E-06 2.313606166 0.500E-06 2.257462 167 0.5250E-06 2.205331 168 0.550E-06 2.154114169 0.5750E-06 2.1087
31、33 170 0.600E-06 2.060134 171 0.630E-06 2.011735172 0.660E-06 1.966045 173 0.690E-06 1.923586 174 0.720E-06 1.877395175 0.760E-06 1.828596 176 0.800E-06 1.783008 177 0.840E-06 1.741254178 0.880E-06 1.703417 179 0.920E-06 1.667792 180 0.960E-06 1.632082181 0.100E-05 1.595754 182 0.1050E-05 1.558720 1
32、83 0.110E-05 1.522295184 0.1150E-05 1.490200 185 0.120E-05 1.451554 186 0.1275E-05 1.409592187 0.1350E-05 1.370247 188 0.1425E-05 1.334635 189 0.150E-05 1.296298190 0.160E-05 1.256143 191 0.170E-05 1.219824 192 0.180E-05 1.187621193 0.190E-05 1.156028 194 0.200E-05 1.126746 195 0.210E-05 1.099981196
33、 0.220E-05 1.075226 197 0.230E-05 1.051885 198 0.240E-05 1.026221199 0.2550E-05 0.9965719 200 0.270E-05 0.9722222 201 0.280E-05 0.9476671202 0.300E-05 0.9157118 203 0.320E-05 0.8876799 204 0.340E-05 0.8611951205 0.360E-05 0.8377314 206 0.380E-05 0.8153836 207 0.400E-05 0.7928756208 0.4250E-05 0.7695
34、923 209 0.450E-05 0.7481711 210 0.4750E-05 0.7286609E693 172TABLE 1 ContinuedBin EngA(MeV) d(barns) Bin EngA(MeV) d(barns) Bin EngA(MeV) d(barns)211 0.500E-05 0.7107515 212 0.5250E-05 0.6941600 213 0.550E-05 0.6778895214 0.5750E-05 0.6635014 215 0.600E-05 0.6480775 216 0.630E-05 0.6327240217 0.660E-
35、05 0.6182052 218 0.690E-05 0.6047435 219 0.720E-05 0.5900444220 0.760E-05 0.5745604 221 0.800E-05 0.5600318 222 0.840E-05 0.5467011223 0.880E-05 0.5345984 224 0.920E-05 0.5232391 225 0.960E-05 0.5118709226 0.100E-04 0.5002917 227 0.1050E-04 0.4884902 228 0.110E-04 0.4769112229 0.1150E-04 0.4666898 2
36、30 0.120E-04 0.4543560 231 0.1275E-04 0.4409762232 0.1350E-04 0.4284223 233 0.1425E-04 0.4170648 234 0.150E-04 0.4048129235 0.160E-04 0.3919477 236 0.170E-04 0.3802993 237 0.180E-04 0.3699498238 0.190E-04 0.3598211 239 0.200E-04 0.3504475 240 0.210E-04 0.3418580241 0.220E-04 0.3339029 242 0.230E-04
37、0.3263810 243 0.240E-04 0.3181047244 0.2550E-04 0.3085413 245 0.270E-04 0.3006880 246 0.280E-04 0.2927655247 0.300E-04 0.2824593 248 0.320E-04 0.2733916 249 0.340E-04 0.2648267250 0.360E-04 0.2572175 251 0.380E-04 0.2499703 252 0.400E-04 0.2426542253 0.4250E-04 0.2350771 254 0.450E-04 0.2280936 255
38、0.4750E-04 0.2217044256 0.500E-04 0.2158471 257 0.5250E-04 0.2104036 258 0.550E-04 0.2050605259 0.5750E-04 0.2003403 260 0.600E-04 0.1952700 261 0.630E-04 0.1902102262 0.660E-04 0.1854221 263 0.690E-04 0.1809756 264 0.720E-04 0.1761094265 0.760E-04 0.1709726 266 0.800E-04 0.1661474 267 0.840E-04 0.1
39、616956268 0.880E-04 0.1576549 269 0.920E-04 0.1538460 270 0.960E-04 0.1500470271 0.100E-03 0.1461601 272 0.1050E-03 0.1421933 273 0.110E-03 0.1382971274 0.1150E-03 0.1348528 275 0.120E-03 0.1306799 276 0.1275E-03 0.1261477277 0.1350E-03 0.1218873 278 0.1425E-03 0.1180186 279 0.150E-03 0.1138330280 0
40、.160E-03 0.1094287 281 0.170E-03 0.1054279 282 0.180E-03 0.1018602283 0.190E-03 0.9837523E-01 284 0.200E-03 0.9515446E-01 285 0.210E-03 0.9224781E-01286 0.220E-03 0.1048459 287 0.230E-03 0.1028288 288 0.240E-03 0.8397242E-01289 0.2550E-03 0.8057346E-01 290 0.270E-03 0.7782596E-01 291 0.280E-03 0.750
41、6079E-01292 0.300E-03 0.7147984E-01 293 0.320E-03 0.6842791E-01 294 0.340E-03 0.1581741295 0.360E-03 0.7452445E-01 296 0.380E-03 0.6020231E-01 297 0.400E-03 0.5752645E-01298 0.4250E-03 0.5484677E-01 299 0.450E-03 0.5239946E-01 300 0.4750E-03 0.5017326E-01301 0.500E-03 0.4855164E-01 302 0.5250E-03 0.
42、4750492E-01 303 0.550E-03 0.8634498E-01304 0.5750E-03 0.3684567 305 0.600E-03 0.7230662 306 0.630E-03 1.085166307 0.660E-03 1.433057 308 0.690E-03 1.753764 309 0.720E-03 2.100540310 0.760E-03 2.428895 311 0.800E-03 2.722788 312 0.840E-03 2.998771313 0.880E-03 3.258461 314 0.920E-03 3.465372 315 0.96
43、0E-03 3.618973316 0.100E-02 3.787081 317 0.1050E-02 3.964271 318 0.110E-02 13.13789319 0.1150E-02 10.69382 320 0.120E-02 4.262693 321 0.1275E-02 4.338387322 0.1350E-02 4.435367 323 0.1425E-02 4.534225 324 0.150E-02 4.592575325 0.160E-02 4.783180 326 0.170E-02 4.701623 327 0.180E-02 4.841220328 0.190
44、E-02 4.999009 329 0.200E-02 5.111335 330 0.201E-02 5.183993331 0.220E-02 5.279069 332 0.230E-02 5.408910 333 0.240E-02 5.523736334 0.2550E-02 5.695442 335 0.270E-02 5.826853 336 0.280E-02 5.975410337 0.300E-02 6.173523 338 0.320E-02 6.395415 339 0.340E-02 6.658582340 0.360E-02 7.183939 341 0.380E-02
45、 10.01168 342 0.400E-02 9.194485343 0.4250E-02 8.178266 344 0.450E-02 8.229657 345 0.4750E-02 8.508525346 0.500E-02 8.910876 347 0.5250E-02 9.525395 348 0.550E-02 10.59739349 0.5750E-02 13.20411 350 0.600E-02 21.17466 351 0.630E-02 19.67340352 0.660E-02 18.59203 353 0.690E-02 24.36627 354 0.720E-02
46、39.42936355 0.760E-02 56.38621 356 0.800E-02 48.66102 357 0.840E-02 35.11790358 0.880E-02 27.24892 359 0.920E-02 23.52159 360 0.960E-02 20.66808361 0.100E-01 19.98392 362 0.1050E-01 18.41869 363 0.110E-01 18.51923364 0.1150E-01 16.80365 365 0.120E-01 16.40945 366 0.1275E-01 16.00651367 0.1350E-01 16
47、.06792 368 0.1425E-01 15.55876 369 0.150E-01 15.08970370 0.160E-01 14.61809 371 0.170E-01 13.99511 372 0.180E-01 13.21823373 0.190E-01 12.01959 374 0.200E-01 10.61530 375 0.210E-01 8.888706376 0.220E-01 6.857686 377 0.230E-01 4.435299 378 0.240E-01 4.034283379 0.2550E-01 51.58856 380 0.270E-01 462.4
48、204 381 0.280E-01 374.2036382 0.300E-01 138.8582 383 0.320E-01 91.99242 384 0.340E-01 75.21491385 0.360E-01 66.92896 386 0.380E-01 62.40611 387 0.400E-01 65.56062388 0.4250E-01 59.51893 389 0.450E-01 61.42897 390 0.4750E-01 55.61853391 0.500E-01 80.54994 392 0.5250E-01 84.93746 393 0.550E-01 61.6347
49、3394 0.5750E-01 61.83547 395 0.600E-01 61.39486 396 0.630E-01 51.44463397 0.660E-01 41.05520 398 0.690E-01 35.18787 399 0.720E-01 195.2115400 0.760E-01 72.97270 401 0.800E-01 139.3801 402 0.840E-01 276.0543403 0.880E-01 138.4568 404 0.920E-01 104.0743 405 0.960E-01 113.7160406 0.100 105.5489 407 0.1050 78.43095 408 0.110 78.06753409 0.1150 60.44543 410 0.120 70.47430 411 0.1275 134.1587412 0.1350 255.3630 413 0.1425 293.0161 414 0.150 133.0900415 0.160 122.7596 416 0.170 156.0143 417 0.180 244.4100418 0.190 370.7627 419 0.200 205.3339 420 0.210 101.0349421 0.220 307.5111 422
