1、Designation: E 695 03Standard Test Method ofMeasuring Relative Resistance of Wall, Floor, and RoofConstruction to Impact Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the relativeresistance of wall, floor, and roof construct
3、ion to impactloading. The test is not applicable to doors.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap
4、pro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1517 Terminology Relating to LeatherE73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss AssembliesE 575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Te
5、sts ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-sembliesE 631 Terminology for Building ConstructionsE 661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under ConcentratedStatic and Impact Loads2.2 Other Standards:Federal Specification V-T-291E (1) Thread, Li
6、nen33. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms related to this standard, seeTerminology E 631.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedures outlined will provide data that can beused to evaluate the relative performance of wall, floor, androof constructions under conditions representative of thosesustai
7、ned in actual service when subjected to impact by a heavyblunt object. See Test Method E 661 for evaluation of floor androof sheathing and Practice E73for evaluation of roof trusses.4.2 The method is intended to be applied to relatively lightconstruction, including, but not limited to, wood floor an
8、d roofsystems, partitions framed with wood or steel studs, steel flooror roof decking systems, steel siding and wall panels, or thinconcrete and masonry walls or slabs and similar assemblies.5. Summary of Method5.1 Specimens of wall, floor, and roof construction aresubjected to the impact force of a
9、 standard impact instrument.Wall sections are tested in the vertical position. Floor and roofsections are tested only in the horizontal position. Because ofthe inherent differences in the method of applying load,measurements obtained from tests in a horizontal mode are notcomparable to measurements
10、obtained from tests in the verticalmode.6. Apparatus for Floor and Roof Systems, SpecimenHorizontal (see Fig. 1)6.1 Supports, steel rollers, two, on a rigid base.6.2 Impact Instrument, made with a shot-filled leather bagas specified in 6.2.1-6.2.6. (see Fig. 2.)6.2.1 LeatherThe leather used in const
11、ruction of the bagshould be harness leather (Note 1), oak tanned (Note 1) frompacker hides (Note 1) or latigo leather (Note 1), alum andvegetable tanned, or both. Leather thickness shall be expressedin ounces (Note 1) (1 oz = 0.4 mm (164 in.).NOTE 1See Terminology 1517.6.2.2 ThreadThread used in fab
12、rication of the bag shall belinen thread of four or more plys, meeting the requirements forType B, Class 1 or 2, of Federal Specification V-T-291E (1).6.2.3 FabricationThe side of the bag shall be 710 mm (28in.) high by 735 mm (29 in.) in circumfrence, with a sidewallof 8-oz leather 3 mm (18 in.) th
13、ick. The vertical edges shall besewed together flesh side out and the seam shall be reinforcedwith a piece of 8-oz leather overlapping 10 mm (38 in.) eachside. The side shall then be turned hair side out and sewed tothe bottom. The base (bottom disk) shall be 230 mm (9 in.) indiameter of 12-oz leath
14、er 5 mm (316 in.) thick. The seam1This method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 on Horizontaland Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Structures.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. P
15、ublished November 2003. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 695 79 (1997)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
16、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.att
17、aching the wall to the base shall be 6 mm (14 in.) from theedge of the base. Two rows of stitching shall be used for thevertical wall seam and the seam attaching the wall to the base.6.2.4 Hoisting StrapThe strap to hoist the bag shall bemade from 8-oz leather 3 mm (18 in.) thick by 16 mm (58 in.)wi
18、de by 610 mm (24 in.) long. The strap shall be passedthrough holes, diametrically opposite, in the side walls 40 mm(112 in.) from the top of the wall. These holes shall bereinforced with pieces of 8-oz leather and 76 mm (3 in.) square.The leather strap shall be passed twice through a 50-mm (2-in.)di
19、ameter lifting ring and the ends fastened by sewing, riveting,or by use of a buckle. To avoid excessive stretching of theleather wall or failure of the vertical seam, a sleeve, made from12-oz leather, of the same type as the base of the bag, shall befitted to slip tightly around the lower portion of
20、 the bag. Thissleeve should be 250 mm (958 in.) high.6.2.5 ShotThe bag shall be loosely filled with metal shotor pellets with diameters of 1 to 3.5 mm (0.039 to 0.138 in.).Two layers of 75-mm (3-in.) thick foam rubber or similarpadding shall be placed over the lead shot to prevent spillageduring tes
21、ting.6.2.6 The total mass of the bag, including shot, shall beadjusted to the desired level with an accuracy of 61 %. Themass of the bag may be adjusted to any specified mass,depending upon the information desired.6.3 Measuring SticksA stick, laid off in 150-mm (6-in.)increments, or a series of stic
22、ks the lengths of which aremultiples of 152 mm (6 in.), to measure the height of dropaccurately. A graduated sliding pointer, a standard metal tapemeasure, or any similar device that can accurately measure theheight of drop may be substituted.6.4 Deflectometer, or other suitable deflectometer equip-
23、ment, consisting of a metal tube having a base at the lower endand a clamp at the upper end which supports, by friction, a lightmetal rod. The rod shall be movable inside the tube and shallbe graduated to 0.25-mm (0.01-in.) divisions.6.5 Set Gage, consisting of a light, rigid frame having twolegs at
24、 one end and one leg at the other end, with the distancebetween the legs equal to the span of the specimen. A dialmicrometer graduated to 0.025-mm (0.001-in.) divisions shallbe attached to the frame at midlength.6.6 Gage Blocks, 300 by 300 mm (12 by 12 in.) in area, andconstructed of metal or other
25、hard surface material.6.7 Hold-DownsClamps or other restraining devices atthe specimen ends to minimize translation.7. Apparatus for Wall Systems, Specimen Vertical (seeFig. 3)7.1 Steel Channels, for support of the specimen at top andbottom.7.2 Rollers, cylindrical rollers and two supporting rollers
26、.7.3 Impact bag, measuring sticks, deflectometer, set gage,and gage blocks conforming to the requirements specified in6.2-6.7.7.4 Rigid Supporting Frame, to which the supporting chan-nels and deflection gage are attached.8. Test Specimen8.1 SizeThe specimens shall be representative of theactual cons
27、truction as to material, method of assembly, andworkmanship.8.2 Length or HeightThe length or height of specimen foreach element shall be chosen to conform approximately to thelength or height of that element in actual size.8.3 WidthThe width of specimen shall be chosen, insofaras feasible, to inclu
28、de several of the principal load-carryingmembers to ensure that the behavior under load will simulatethat anticipated under service conditions. The actual width ofspecimens shall be a whole number multiplied by the spacingof the principal load-carrying members, except for prefabri-cated panels for w
29、hich the actual width shall be the width ofpanel used. If the structural properties of a particular construc-tion are to be compared with another construction, there shouldnot be a great difference in the actual widths of the specimens.8.4 AgeConstructions such as concrete and masonry(brick, structu
30、ral clay tile, concrete block) for which thestructural properties depend upon the age of the specimen,shall be tested not less than 25 days nor more than 56 days afterfabrication except in special instances such as the case ofexisting panels. This age requirement applies also to plasteredand stuccoe
31、d constructions. Other assemblies affected bymoisture shall be conditioned to constant weight or moisturecontent, or for at least 2 weeks at 20 6 3C (68 6 6F) and 656 5 % relative humidity.8.5 NumberTests shall be made on a minimum of threelike specimens. However, more tests may be necessary depend-
32、ing upon information and accuracy desired.9. Procedure9.1 For symmetrical walls, apply the impact load to theoutside face from at least one of the specimens, and to theinside face of the other two specimens. For asymmetrical walls,test both sides an equal number of times. This will require aminimum
33、of four test specimens. Exception: only one sideneed be tested at the option of the client and laboratorydepending upon information required. The report shall recordwhich side or sides of the specimen that is tested. For floor androof assemblies apply the impact loads only to the upperfinish-floor f
34、ace of the specimen.NOTE 2Any criteria for pass/fail or for stopping the test should beagreed upon between the sponsor and testing agency prior to testing. SomeFIG. 1 Impact Load Test (Specimen Horizontal)E695032possible points include: the ability to sustain a specified static load afterthe impact
35、drop; limitation on the instantaneous deflection or residual set;penetration of panel; destruction of panel (to be defined); or simply aspecified height of drop or number of drops per test from a specific height.9.2 Point of ImpactIf the construction has structuralmembers, that is, studs or joists,
36、test each specimen so that atleast one such structural member will be struck by the impactbag. Test each specimen also so that the impact bag will strikethe facing midway between two members.NOTE 3As written, this method may not necessarily define or test themost vulnerable part of a panel specimen.
37、Additional tests may be requiredto locate such an area if this information is desired.9.3 Loading-Floor and Roof Assemblies-SpecimenHorizontalTest the specimen as a simple beam on a spannominally 150 mm (6 in.) less than the specimen length. Thetwo supports for the specimens shall prevent longitudin
38、alrestraint and shall provide bearing for the entire width of thespecimen. Secure the ends of the panel by hold-downs tominimize specimen bounce. Take care to assure that thehold-downs do not affect deflection of the specimen. Apply animpact load to the upper face of the specimen by dropping thebag
39、beginning with a height of 152 6 6mm(6614 in.) andincreasing the height in 152 6 6-mm (6 614-in.) increments.Record set and instantaneous deflection measurements for eachdrop. For the first drop, measure the height of the bag from theupper face of the specimen at a point directly beneath the bag,and
40、 for subsequent drops, from a taut cord in contact with theupper face directly above the supports.(1) LeatherUse harness leather (oak tanned from packer hides) or latigo leather (alum and vegetable tanned) (see Terminology D 1517 for definitions and terms) (1-ozleather =164 in. (0.4 mm) thick).(2) T
41、hreadUse linen thread (minimum four-ply) per Fed. Spec. V-T-291, Type B, Class 1 or 2. Double-stitch sidewall seam and seam attatching sidewall to the base.(3) ShotUse shot (1 to 3.5 mm (0.039 t 0.138 in.) diameter). Fill bag with shot and cover with two layers of 76 mm (3 in.) foam rubber.FIG. 2 Le
42、ather Drop Bag AssemblyE6950339.4 Loading-Wall Assemblies Specimen VerticalPositionthe specimen on cylindrical rollers to prevent transverserestraint. The axes of the rollers shall be parallel to the faces ofthe specimens. The two supporting rollers shall be in contactwith the vertical surface of th
43、e rigid frame and each roller shallrest horizontally on sponge rubber 16 6 3mm(58 618 in.)thick to prevent longitudinal restraint. Support the bag as apendulum in the frame as shown in Fig. 3. Take care to assurethat the hold-downs do not affect deflection of the specimen.Apply an impact load to the
44、 middle of the outer face of thespecimens by releasing the bag beginning with a height of 1526 6mm(6614 in.) and increasing the height in 152 6 6-mm(6 614-in.) increments. The maximum useful height of dropwill occur when the pendulum or frame is perpendicular to thespecimen. Measure the height of dr
45、op from the point of impactof the center of gravity of the bag as it strikes the specimen tothis same point when the bag is in the raised position. Releasethe bag by smoothly and swiftly opening the hinged doors,causing it to swing as a true pendulum thus eliminatingwobbling.9.5 Instantaneous Deflec
46、tionUse the deflectometer (see6.4) to measure the instantaneous deflection of the specimen.Prior to loading, hold the light metal rod in contact with themiddle of the lower face of the specimen by the clamp. Whenthe specimen deflects under the impact load, the rod is held inits lowest position by th
47、e friction clamp. Report readings to thenearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).9.6 SetTo measure the set, place the set gage on the upperface of the specimen. Take readings by placing the set gage onthe specimen with the legs at the supports and the spindle of thedial micrometer in contact with the middle of th
48、e specimen,and reading the micrometer. If the set exceeds the range of themicrometer, place gage blocks between the specimen and thespindle of the micrometer to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.).10. Recordings10.1 Deflection and SetFor each height of drop calculatethe deflection between the reading o
49、f the deflectometer and theinitial reading. Similarly, calculate the set as the differencebetween the reading of the set gage and the initial reading.Record the maximum height of drop.11. Report11.1 The report shall follow the format of Practice E 575.Inaddition, the report shall also include the following:11.2 Description of test assembly, including:11.2.1 Size of test specimen,11.2.2 Details of structural design, including where appli-cable or required, the design stresses, design loads, and safetyfactors of all structural members in test
