1、Designation: E 783 02Standard Test Method forField Measurement of Air Leakage Through InstalledExterior Windows and Doors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 783; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides a field procedure for deter-mining the air leakage rates of installed exterior wi
3、ndows anddoors.1.2 This test method is applicable to exterior windows anddoors and is intended to measure only such leakage associatedwith the assembly and not the leakage through openingsbetween the assemblies and adjacent construction. The testmethod can be adapted for the latter purpose, provided
4、 thepotential paths of air movement and the sources of infiltrationand exfiltration can be identified, controlled, or eliminated.1.3 This test method attempts to create and given set ofnatural environmental conditions. There is a strong possibilitythat the test method or the test apparatus may, by v
5、irtue of theirdesign and use, induce air leakage that does not occur undernatural environmental exposure.1.4 This test method is intended for the field testing ofinstalled exterior windows or doors. Persons interested inlaboratory testing of fenestration products should referenceTest Method E 283.1.
6、5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeablein the area of fluid mechanics and instrumentation practices,and shall have a general understanding of fenestration productsand components.1.6 Throughout this test method, SI units are listed first inaccordance with E-6 metric policy, and shall b
7、e considered theprimary units. Non-SI units are provided in parenthesis.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine t
8、he applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 283 Test Method for Determining the Rate ofAir LeakageThrough Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure Differences Acros
9、s the Speci-men2E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this test method are definedin Terminology E 631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air leakage rate (qAor qL)the air leakage per unit ofspecimen area (A) or per unit length o
10、f operable crackperimeter (L), expressed as m3/sm2(ft3/min ft2), or m3/sm(ft3/min ft).3.2.2 extraneous air leakage (Qe)the volume of air flow-ing per unit of time through the test chamber and testapparatus, exclusive of the air flowing through the test speci-men, under a test pressure difference and
11、 test temperaturedifference, converted to standard conditions, expressed in m3/s(ft3/min).3.2.2.1 DiscussionExtraneous leakage is the sum of allleakage other than that intended to be measured by the test.3.2.3 specimen air leakage (Qs)the volume of air flowingper unit of time through the specimen, u
12、nder a test pressuredifference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-dard conditions, expressed in m3/s (ft3/min).3.2.4 specimen area (A)the area determined by the overalldimensions of the frame that fits into the rough opening,expressed as m2(ft2).3.2.5 test pressure differencesthe spe
13、cified differentialstatic air pressure across the specimen, expressed as Pa(lbf/ft2).3.2.6 test specimenthe assembled window or door unit asinstalled in the exterior wall of a building. The test specimenconsists of the major components of the assembly, including alljoints, cracks, or openings betwee
14、n such components and anypanning, receptors, extenders, sills, mullions, or other parts orcomponents used for assembly and installation. The testspecimen excludes any joints, cracks, or openings between theassembly and any interior or exterior trim that is not an integralpart of the system, and excl
15、udes any joints, cracks, or openingsbetween the assembly and the adjacent wall construction.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Component Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Door
16、s.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published April 2003. Originallyapproved in 1981. Discontinued June 2002 and reinstated as E 78302.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.
17、2.7 total air flow (Qt)the volume of air flowing per unitof time through the test chamber and test apparatus inclusive ofthe air flowing through the test specimen, under a test pressuredifference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-dard conditions, expressed in m3/s (ft3/min).3.2.8 un
18、it length of operable crack perimeter (L)the sumof all perimeters of operable ventilators, sash, or doors con-tained in the test specimen, based on the overall dimensions ofsuch parts, expressed in m (ft). Where two suchoperable partsmeet, the two adjacent lengths of perimeter shall be counted asonl
19、y one length.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test consists of sealing a chamber to cover theinterior or exterior face of a test specimen, supplying air to orexhausting air from the chamber at a rate required to maintainthe specified test pressure difference across the specimen, andmeasuring the res
20、ultant air flow across the specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningthe air leakage characteristics of installed exterior windows anddoors under specified static air pressure differences.NOTE 1The air pressure differences acting across a building en
21、velopevary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and theimplications of the resulting air leakage relative to the environment withinbuildings are discussed in the literature.3,4,5These factors should be fullyconsidered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.5.2 Rate
22、s of air leakage are sometimes used for comparisonpurposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless thecomponents being tested and compared are of essentially thesame size, configuration, and design.5.3 Rates of air leakage of essentially identical windows ordoors, as determined in the laboratory (
23、Test Method E 283) andas measured in the field by this test method, have sometimesbeen used for comparison purposes. The correlation betweenthe laboratory and field test results, and the correlation betweenactual performance of in-service products and the response tothese tests has not been establis
24、hed because of insufficient data.5.4 Rates of air leakage, as determined by this test methodmay be affected by: the age or physical condition of the testspecimen; the type or quality of installation; the care exercisedin the attachment of the test apparatus and the determination ofextraneous leakage
25、; and the actual conditions to which the testspecimen is exposed beyond those imposed by the test method,that is temperature, relative humidity, wind impingement, etc.Consideration must be given to the proper selection of testspecimens, the choice of appropriate test technique (when achoice is given
26、 within this test method), and the proper use andinterpretation of the results obtained from this test to minimizethe effect of these conditions.5.5 Rates of air leakage, as determined by this test methodmay include air leakage that does not occur during normaloperation and exposure, or that does no
27、t contribute to theoverall air leakage for the structure. Air may be supplied to orexhausted from wall cavities or adjacent construction, or maybypass interior or exterior trim or components in a manner notexperienced during normal operation or exposure. Care mustbe taken to prevent such leakage fro
28、m occurring, or consider-ation must be given that such leakage may have occurredduring the test.5.6 This test method addresses the issue of air leakagethrough the high pressure face of the test specimen only. Airleakage from the adjacent wall cavity through sill, head, andjambs of the window frame i
29、s considered extraneous airleakage and, therefore, not a component of the measuredspecimen air leakage. Such extraneous air leakage through theperimeter frame of the test specimen can be a significant sourceof air leakage into, or out of, the building if the frame is notsealed against air infiltrati
30、on from the adjacent wall cavity.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of the apparatus in this section isgeneral in nature (see Fig. 1). Any suitable arrangement ofequipment capable of maintaining the required test tolerancesis permitted.6.1.1 test chambera chamber formed by sealing a sheet ofplywood, pl
31、astic, or other suitable material against the frame ofthe test specimen. At no time during the test shall the sheet orany other part of the testing assembly, come in contact with orrestrict any point where air leakage may occur. At least onestatic air pressure tap shall be provided on each side of t
32、he3Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329. ASHRAEHandbook of Fundamentals, 1989.4Fluid MetersTheir Theory and Application, 5th Edition, 1959.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E.
33、 47th St.,NewYork, NY10017. PowerTest Code, 2nd Edition, 1956, Part 5, Chapter 4, “FlowMeasurements.” FIG. 1 General Arrangement of Air Leakage Test ApparatusE783022specimen to measure the chamber pressure versus the ambient(indoor to outdoor) air pressure, and shall be located so that thereading is
34、 unaffected by outdoor impinging wind, or by the airsupply to or exhaust from the test chamber. The air supplyopening to the chamber shall be located in an area in which itdoes not directly impinge upon the test specimen.6.1.2 supply air systema controllable blower, exhaust fan,or reversible blower
35、designed to provide the required air flowat the specified test pressure difference. The system shouldprovide essentially constant air flow at the specified testpressure difference for a time period sufficient to obtainreadings of air flow.6.1.3 pressure measuring apparatusa device to measurethe diff
36、erential test pressures to 62 % of setpoint or 62.5 Pa(60.01 inches of water column), whichever is greater.6.1.4 air flow metering systema device to measure the airflow into the test chamber or through the test specimen. The airflow measurement error shall not exceed 65 % when the airflow equals or
37、exceeds 9.44 3 104m3/s (2 ft3/min) or 610 %when the air flow is less than 9.4443 10 m3/s (2 ft3/min).(The reference listed in Annex A1 presents background infor-mation on fluid metering practices.)NOTE 2At lower flows a greater percentage of errors will be accept-able. If higher precision is require
38、d, special flow metering techniques arenecessary. The accuracy of the specimen air leakage flow measurement isaffected by the accuracy of the flowmeter and the amount of extraneous airleakage. (See Annex A1).7. Hazards7.1 Glass breakage may occur at the test pressure differ-ences applied in this tes
39、t.Adequate precautions should be takento protect personnel, observers, and bystanders.NOTE 3Additional precautions may be necessary to protectpassers-by when tests are conducted to measure exfiltration. The choice ofwhether the test chamber is affixed to the interior or exterior side of thetest spec
40、imen, and whether the tests are conducted using positive ornegative static air pressure can aid in the protection.8. Test Conditions8.1 The specifying authority shall supply the followinginformation:8.1.1 Test specimen sampling, selection, and identification(see Section 9).8.1.2 Test pressure differ
41、ence(s) if no value is designated,75 Pa (1.57 lb/ft2).8.1.3 Standard Test ConditionsDry air at:Pressure 101.3 kPa (29.92 in. Hg)Temperature20.8C (69.4F)Air Density 1.202 kg/m3(0.075 lbm/ft3)8.1.4 Direction of air flow, exfiltration or infiltration. If noneis specified, the test shall be infiltration
42、.8.2 Air Leakage RateBasis for reporting air leakage rateshall be total air leakage m3/h (ft3/min), per unit length ofoperable crack perimeter, m3/h m (ft3/min ft), and per unitarea of outside frame dimension, m3/hm2(ft3/min ft2).8.3 The testing agency shall supply the following informa-tion:8.3.1 W
43、hether the test chamber will be affixed to the interioror exterior side of the test specimen, and8.3.2 Whether the test(s) will be conducted using positive ornegative static air pressure differences.9. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units9.1 Determine the number of specimens to be tested and the
44、procedures to be used for the selection and identification of testspecimens according to the following:9.1.1 The intended use of the test results;9.1.2 The expected or estimated variation in results fromtest specimen to test specimen;9.1.3 The level of confidence desired in extrapolating thetest res
45、ults to specimens not tested.9.2 Establish specific limitations or requirements for therepair, adjustment, or modification of test specimens prior totesting.NOTE 4Although the specifying authority is responsible for establish-ing test specimen sampling, selection, and identification procedures, such
46、procedures should be mutually agreed upon by all parties involved priorto testing.10. Preparation of Test Specimen10.1 Select and identify the test specimen in accordancewith the procedures established in 8.1.1 and 9.10.2 Conduct a detailed visual examination of the testspecimen and the construction
47、 adjacent to the test specimen.Record all pertinent observations.NOTE 5The purpose of this examination is to record the physicalcondition of the test specimen and adjacent construction at the time oftesting. Examples of pertinent observations to be recorded include: anydamage or deterioration observ
48、ed; missing or broken components; mis-alignment or misadjustment of weatherstrip or other components; clean-liness of the test specimen; out-of-square installation; etc.10.3 Record any repairs, modifications, or adjustmentsmade to the test specimen, particularly those that may affect themeasured res
49、ults.10.4 Make certain that the test specimen, and specificallythat all weatherstrip, is thoroughly dried prior to testing.NOTE 6The results of this test may be significantly affected by thepresence of water within the test specimen. The test should not beconducted immediately after a rain, window washing, or other conditionwhere water can be retained by the test specimen.11. Preparation of Test Apparatus11.1 Fit the test chamber to the perimeter of the testspecimen to cover the entire assembly through which airleakage is to be determined. If po
